Finally, these changes established the practice of deferring to previous decisions issued by courts that in modern times is recognized as the concept of legal precedent that is essential to the American system of justice in both the realm of civil and criminal law.
Political Changes:

It is believed that the first King of ancient Egypt, Menes, established the first national system of government more than 3,000 years before the Common Era. In addition to uniting Upper and Lower Egypt during his reign of more than six decades, King Menes also established what is believed to be the first centralized system of national government headquartered near modern-day Cairo, still the capital of Egypt almost five thousand years later.

Prior to his reign, there was no such thing as a centralized national government system or a national capital city that united political authority over an entire nation. The dynasty established by King Menes…...

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Sources Consulted

Hayes, C. (2002). Medieval and Early Modern Times: The Age of Justinian to the Eighteenth Century. New York: Macmillan.

Weber, E. (1989). The Western Tradition. Annenberg/CPB: Santa Clara, CA.

Those who went took with them knowledge of Mesopotamian customs, ideas, and skills, but many chose to remain, having put down firm roots during the decades of exile (LeMiere 19). Mesopotamia itself became even more cosmopolitan than before, since not only did the Persian court at times visit and contribute to local administration, but also foreign levies and mercenaries did tours of military service there. Anti-Persian feeling in conquered lands led to scurrilous rumors, such as the tale that Xerxes destroyed the statue of Marduk-Bel in Babylon (LeMiere 20).
This story has proved to be a fabrication: the cult statue continued unscathed to embody the presence of the god in his undamaged temple in Babylon during subsequent centuries, and so Herodotos' description of the golden statue of Marduk-Bel in the time of Artaxerxes I (464-424 BC) need not be doubted. Continuity of cult and architecture are thoroughly attested by the…...

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Works Cited

Adams, R. Architecture of Ancient Samaria. New York: Prentice Hall, 1989. Print.

Akkermans, P. "Tell Sabi Abyad: Preliminary Report on the 1986 Excavations." Akkadica 52 (1987): 10-28. Print.

Blackham, M.. "Further Investigations as to the Relationship of Samarian and Ubaic Ceramic Assemblages." Iraq 53 (2006): 1-16. Print.

Boethius, a. The Golden House of Nero. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000. Print.

Rationality is at the base of secular humanism and has caused its proponents to view individuals as more self-reliant and less dependent on supernatural authorities.
Religion addresses concerns that are too often overlooked by proponents of individualism. Individualism is based upon the pursuit of happiness but happiness encompasses aspects that cannot be obtained through either the pleasure theory of hedonism, the self-interest approach of egoism, or the rational basis of secular humanism. Happiness is measured by intangibles such as the presence of hope and optimism that only religion and a belief in a supernatural being can address and provide. Religion provides the mechanism through which individuals are able to escape the realities of life that often result in deplorable and unpleasant conditions. Religion is able to provide an individual facing such conditions with a basis for looking forward and to look past their present condition. Instead of focusing on pleasure…...

Mentoring
Human history is replete with stories and myths of relationships between mentors and their proteges

The term "mentor" has its origin in Homer's epic poem "The Odyssey" in which Odysseus, while going to fight in the Trojan ar, entrusts the care of his son Telemachus to his trusted adviser and friend, Mentor

(Kalbfleisch and Keyton, 189). A similar mentor / protege relationship appears in other myths such as the one between Merlin the magician and King Arthur. More concrete examples can be found in American history when President Thomas Jefferson served as mentor to James Madison and James Monroe -- both of whom went on to become U.S. Presidents themselves. (Ibid.) In recent times too, educators, psychologists, and business leaders have recognized mentoring as an important tool for individual development, especially for the "at risk" youth. In this paper, I shall describe what mentoring is, its importance in the modern day context,…...

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Works Cited

Jekielek, Susan M. et. al. "Mentoring: A Promising Strategy for Youth Development." Child Trends: Research brief. February 2002. June 7, 2005. http://12.109.133.224/Files/MentoringBrief2002.pdf

Kerka, Sandra. "New Perspectives on Mentoring." ERIC Digest. 1998. June 7, 2005.  http://www.ericdigests.org/1998-3/mentoring.html 

Kalbfleisch, Pamela J. & Joann Keyton. "Power and Equality in Mentoring Relationships." Chapter in Gender, Power and Communication in Human Relationships. Cody, Michael J. & Pamela J. Kalbfleisch Eds. Hillsdale, NJ: 1995

'A Message from the Secretary." Yes, You Can: A Guide for Establishing Mentoring Programs to Prepare Youth for College October 1998. June 7, 2005.  http://www.ed.gov/pubs/YesYouCan/letter.html

Why, though, is the name so popular and so utilized to mean change, evolution, choice, and really as an icon of a perilous journey to a new life? And what is the real story of the First Thanksgiving? In brief, the name has remained a popular icon because of the inherent nature of the story -- lively persecuted group befriends new population and thrives. Now, let us simply revise the point-of-view by one cog; instead of viewing the story as a European colonist, imagine if you will, a land that supported numerous bands of hunter-gatherers who took only from the land what they needed, had deep traditions about their interaction with nature, and, just like other societies, had passive and aggressive cultures. New people arrive who do not know how to dress, to hunt, to fish, or even how to build the proper house to stay warm. So, you help…...

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REFERENCES CONSLUTED

Adkins, R. (2005). "Mayflower: The Voyage That Changed the World." Geographical.

77(9): 78.

Arenstam, P., et.al. (2007). Mayflower 1620: A New Look at a Pilgrim Voyage. National Geographic Books.

Bush, S. (2000). "America's Origin Myth: Remembering Plymouth Rock." American Library

misunderstood -- and to some, the seemingly mysterious -- subject of spirituality. ithin the each person's worldview, there are always personal questions to be asked as we learn the skills needed to serve others -- and spirituality has a place within this question. This paper will examine spirituality and worldview, along with the personal views of the writer vis-a-vis the seven questions to be addressed. Thesis: each person should not only have a spiritual outlook or worldview, but each person should be constantly examining and challenging his or her own approach to what role spirituality plays in our profession and in our personal lives.
hat is spirituality? A good place to launch a search for a meaningful understanding of spirituality is in Psychology Today. The article explains that for some people, spirituality relates to being involved in organized religion, and attending weekly services in a church, a synagogue, a mosque…...

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Works Cited

Bible Gateway. (2014). Luke 21:33. New International Version (NIV). Retrieved September 2,

2016, from  https://www.biblegateway.com .

Christian Answers. (2014). Colossians. Retrieved September 2, 2016, from  http://christiananswers.net .

Griffiths, S.R. (2012). How Can I Know Anything At All? Philosophy Now. Retrieved

worldview is a schema that includes values, beliefs, and principles that shape one's vision of reality. As such, a worldview is a lens through which the world is viewed. Personal experience, background, culture, gender, ethnicity, age, religion, education, the media, and a wealth of other variables shape worldviews. My personal worldview has likewise been shaped by my personal experiences, and continues to change as I encounter new ideas and ways of viewing the nature of reality. There are seven core aspects of a worldview, including the nature of prime reality, the nature of the manifest reality around us, the nature of a human being, concepts of life after death, theories of knowledge and consciousness or epistemology, ethics or ethical reasoning, and finally, the meaning of human history. A worldview is connected with personal identity, and my attitudes toward spirituality also influence my worldview. Frameworks of understanding both spirituality and…...

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References

Cobern, W.W. (2005). Worldview, science, and the understanding of nature. Scientific Literacy and Cultural Studies Project, Paper 22.

Salladay, S.A. (2000). Healing is believing. The Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine 4(1).

Histories of the orld in 6 Glasses (compare and Contrast 3 Drinks)
The History of the orld in Six Glasses by Tom Standage

'Tell me what you drink and I will tell you who you are'

The History of the orld in Six Glasses by Tom Standage chronicles human history through changing tastes in beverages, spanning from beer to wine to 'spirits' (hard liquor), coffee to tea, and ending with Coca-Cola. Although many books have explored human history through the lens of a singular foodstuff, few have used beverages. Yet, as Standage points out in his introduction, although a person can survive without food for a relatively long period of time, without liquids, he or she will perish in days. Beverages also have intoxicating properties which can change the way that civilizations unfold, either causing drunkenness or alertness. And it is perhaps for that reason that so many cultures and nations have defined…...

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Works Cited

Standage, Tom. The History of the World in Six Glasses. New York: Walker & Co., 2005.

Human Dev
Symbols, the Mind, and the Animal State

In Chapter 7 of Maps of Time, David Christian (2011) discusses how human language is built not only of "icons" and "indices," which are types of recognition, correlation, and communication that many organisms from bacteria to dogs can use, but primarily of symbols -- a more complex and higher-order level of communication (p. 172). This is only part of a larger discussion on the development of human history, however it is worthy of consideration simply as its own advancement and unique feature. An understanding of how language is a definitive feature of humanity, and of the implications of a division between man and nature, creates valuable insights for understanding human development.

As explained by Christian (2011), certain associations can be made by many organisms between similar or concurrent experiences in a way that might appear to be symbolic learning or communication, but that falls…...

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References

Christian, D. (2011). Maps of Time. Berkley: University of California Press.

Emmerich, R. (2004). The Day After Tomorrow. Twentieth Century Fox Films.

Levi, P. (1975). Carbon. Accessed 4 March 2012. www.pems.adfa.edu.au/~s9471553/level1/Teaching/Health02/CarbonStory.pdf

The first piece of literature that has endured over the years, the Epic of Gilgamesh, also testifies about the existence and consumption of beer, even attributing it the power to signify the civilization as opposed to the world of the beast that did not have any use of such drink. One of the heroes in the legend, Enkidu, is brought into the civilized world though the contact with a woman, consumption of beer and hygiene: "Enkidu's primitive nature is demonstrated by his lack of familiarity with bread and beer; but once he has consumed them, and then washed himself, he too becomes a human and is then ready to go to Uruk, the city ruled by Gilgamesh" (the History of the World in ix Glasses, p.27). The first recorded literary piece is linked with the largest city in Mesopotamia and the first alcoholic beverage to be used by humans…...

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Standage, Tom. A History of the World in Six Glasses. 2005. Walker Publishing Company. New York

Beer Institute. Retrieved: Oct 17, 2009. Available at:  http://www.beerinstitute.org/tier.asp?bid=142 

A History of Beer. Retrieved: Oct 18, 2009. Available at:  http://www.alabev.com/history.htm

It was founded on the knowledge that spurred during the Renaissance and has placed significance on rational thought and cultural emphasis, which was not present before.
Furthermore, with regards to the popularity of Baroque during this period, it is important to note that this style was able to combine the principles of science and the philosophies and doctrines of early Christianity, which has been very prominent in architectures built on such style. During the earlier period, the Renaissance, art was simpler and characterized by simple rhythms. With Baroque, however, a dynamic change has occurred, as art and architecture became more ostentatious and it has shown how art can move from the previous period (Saisselin).

The Scientific Revolution has presented a new perspective and shows a shift from the orthodox. It has also allowed the use of the past in order to create the future. In the field of arts, the Baroque…...

Anyone can virtually make wine out of grapes. The quality of the grapes is the first and most important feature in the wine production and only after that are there other factors involved that influence the final product.
Standage considers the first distinction between Eastern and Western thught and civilization closely linked to the attitude the two cultures from two opposite regions of the globe had when it came to wine consuming. While Greeks drank wine at formal parties, making it more a part of a ritual destined to loosen tongues and relax while sharpening the minds and setting imagination loose, the Persians, mostly drank beer as a part of their nourishment and even when they drank wine, it was not for intellectual purposes of for the pleasure of savoring it, but more as a display of wealth and power, as it was the case mentioned before. Based on such…...

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Like, beer, the wine was nourishment, the beverage for feasts, celebrations and intellectual gatherings, but also an element of religious rituals and even medicine. As alcoholic beverage on the table of the poor and rich alike it is still praised for its benefits just as it is blamed for the destruction of families and the perversion of whole societies that fell its victim. It is, of course, not the wine, but the human nature, subject to greed and sometimes the victim of its own inability to keep moderation in sight at all times.

Standage, Tom. A History of the World in Six Glasses. 2005. Walker Publishing Company. New York

McGovern, P. Ancient Wine: the Search for the Origins of Viniculture. 2003. Princeton University Press. Princeton Historical Timeline. Georgian Spring. A Magnum Journal. Retrieved; Oct 18, 2009. Available at: http://www.georgianspring.com/timeline.php

History Of Science
Islam has made enormous contributions to modern science. However, in the article "Science and Civilization in Islam," Seyyed Hossein Nasr discusses not necessarily how Islam impacted modern science, but rather, shows how science was viewed in the ancient Islamic world. The author talks about both religion and science in context and illustrates how spiritual beliefs affect the worldview of a culture. Because of Islam's rich tradition of scientific investigation, the article is important in understanding the entire history of science.

The history of science must include cultural and religious references like those presented in Nasr's article. Until fairly recently in human history, religion guided scientific thought. Politics have also played a major role in determining the role of science in a society. Even today, science is not exempt from religious and political influences. Therefore, Nasr's article and its main points offer valuable insight into the ways modern historians can…...

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Works Cited

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. "Science and Civilization in Islam." Online at .

Human Qualities of the Theologian
The task of the theologian is that of utter responsibility and the necessity of having a connection to his church and the world outside of it. It is definitely not a task for the faint of heart. Among the many intricate and often overlapping tasks of a theologian is the necessity of fostering a sense of understanding with faith and theology. "Christians want to understand what they believe, what they can hope for, and what they ought to love" (Migliore, 2004). Thus, while Christianity is able to have trust and obedience in the hope and love of God, theology has to struggle with some of the more difficult issues connected to this journey, via reflection, inquiry and the pursuit of truth (Migliore, 2004). Thus, the theologian must pursue truth and keep asking questions while instilling his work and his journey with a certain amount of human…...

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References

Dore, T. (2003, April 8). The Responsibility and Tasks of Theology in the Church and the World Today. Retrieved from cua.edu:  http://publicaffairs.cua.edu/RDSpeeches/03DoreLecture.cfm 

McGrath, A. (2011). Christian Theology. Walden: John Wiley.

Migliore, D. (2004). Faith Seeking Understanding: An Introduction . Grand Rapids: Eerdman Publishing.

Tynan, T. (2014). The Role of the Theologian. Retrieved from gonzaga.edu:  http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/metz/job.html

It is not startling that some remarkable variation exists between the great apes as well as humans with regard to mental capabilities. Humans possess a lot higher intricate types of verbal communications compared to any other primates. Humans are the sole animal to make and apply symbols as a way to communicate with each other. Humans also have diverse as well as complex forms of social organizations compared to that of the other nonhuman primates. The most unique characteristic of humans lies in human mental capability to build novel ideas as well as intricate technologies. This has been considered to be important in the fight for endurance. (O'Neil 2007)
Further, the relatively negligible structural variations among humans and apes are generally an outcome of regular bipedalism observed in human beings. Quite a number of alterations in human bodies were linked to the growth of this type of locomotion. As opposed…...

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References

Berg, Kate; Bonham, Vence; Boyer, Joy; Brody, Larry; Brooks, Lisa; Collins, Francis;

Guttmacher, Alan; McEwen, Jean; Muenke, Max; Olson, Steve; Wang, Vivian Ota; Rodriguez, Laura Lyman; Vydelingum, Nadarajen; Warshauer-Baker, Esther. 2005, 'The Use of Racial, Ethnic, and Ancestral Categories in Human Genetics Research', American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 77, no. 4, pp: 519-532.

Bethesda, MD. 2006, 'Present-Day Non-Human Primates May Be Linchpin in Evolution of Language' Terra Daily. 25 Jul., p. 4

British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection, 2007, the Zero option, Available at http://www.buav.org/campaigns/primates/zerooption.html

Graffiti should be protected for several reasons:

1. Artistic expression: Graffiti is a form of art that allows individuals to express their creativity and communicate messages visually. It provides a platform for artists to showcase their talent and perspective.

2. Cultural significance: Graffiti often reflects the cultural identity and vibrant spirit of a community or neighborhood. It can convey unique stories, experiences, and beliefs of a particular group of people, preserving their history and heritage.

3. Social commentary: Graffiti serves as a powerful tool for social commentary, enabling artists to raise awareness about various issues such as social injustice, environmental concerns, or political....

Thesis Statement Options:

1. The beach offers a myriad of activities that cater to the diverse interests and preferences of visitors, offering an unparalleled experience of relaxation, recreation, and rejuvenation.

2. From sunbathing and swimming to surfing and paddleboarding, the beach serves as a hub for physical activity, fostering a sense of well-being and promoting an active lifestyle.

3. Beyond its recreational appeal, the beach also provides a sanctuary for connecting with nature, inspiring introspection, and fostering a sense of wonder and gratitude.

4. Whether seeking solace, adventure, or simply a change of scenery, the beach offers a unique and multifaceted destination that caters....

## Infectious Diseases Essay Topic Ideas

### Epidemiology and Surveillance

- The role of surveillance in controlling infectious disease outbreaks
- The challenges and limitations of infectious disease surveillance
- The economic impact of infectious diseases on the healthcare system
- The impact of globalization on the spread of infectious diseases
- The role of social determinants of health in the spread of infectious diseases

### Prevention and Control

- The role of vaccination in preventing infectious diseases
- The development and evaluation of new antimicrobial therapies
- The use of hand hygiene and other infection control measures
- The role of public health education in preventing the spread of infectious....

Research-Based Essay Titles:

The Impact of Social Media on Adolescent Mental Health: A Systematic Review
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: An Empirical Analysis
The Role of Environmental Factors in the Development of Obesity: A Literature Review
The Impact of Climate Change on Coastal Communities: A Case Study of New Orleans
The Effectiveness of Online Learning in Higher Education: A Meta-Analysis

Persuasive Essay Titles:

Banning Assault Weapons: A Necessity for Public Safety
The Importance of Climate Action: Why We Must Act Now
The Benefits of Universal Healthcare: A Moral Imperative
The Dangers of Censorship: Protecting Freedom of Expression
....