Depending on the patient's condition, the aide may also change the dressings on the patient's wounds, give a massage to the patient or an alcohol rub, or assist with the patient's braces and artificial limbs. "Experienced home health aides also may assist with medical equipment such as ventilators, which help patients breathe" ("Nursing, Psychiatric, and Home Health Aides," U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2007).
The aide may also make a simple meal for the patient, keeping within the patient's prescribed diet that is still (hopefully) palatable to the patient. An aide will have a good sense of the patient's likes and dislikes. If the patient needs groceries and can be left unattended, the aide may go and do the patient's shopping. The aide may also purchase other basic necessities and medications, if the patient desires, or even do simple errands like post a letter.

During the visit, the…...

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Works Cited

Getting the most out of home health care." Yale University. 2007.

17 Feb 2007]  http://www.ynhh.org/choice/home_health.html 

LEO: Writing a Process Essay." The Write Place. 2007. [17 Feb 2007]  http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/acadwrite/process.html 

Nursing, Psychiatric, and Home Health Aides." U.S. Department of Labor

Knowledge and Awareness of Nurses in Saudi Arabia egarding Home HealthAbstractThis literature review examines the extent to which nurses in Saudi Arabia have sufficient knowledge and awareness of home health. The review shows that while some nurses have a high awareness and appreciation of home health services in the KSA, many nurses do not view it as a practical means of providing quality care. This is consistent with how nurses feel in other countries, such as the U.S. and the Netherlands, which is why many researchers suggest that more education be provided to help nurses both in the KSA and in other nations develop a better knowledge and awareness of how home health care can help the aging population.IntroductionHome health has become more and more of a feature of quality care in hospitals around the world as health care providers seek to offer patients better access to care and more…...

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ReferencesAlmoajel, A. (2016). Perception and Knowledge of Health Care Professionals toward Home Health Care in Riyadh. Life Science Journal, 13(5), 106-112.Almoajel, A., Al-Salem, A., Al-Ghunaim, L., & Al-Amri, S. (2016). The Quality of Home Healthcare Service in Riyadh/Saudi Arabia. Asian Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences, 5(2), 72-81.Jones, C. D., Jones, J., Richard, A., Bowles, K., Lahoff, D., Boxer, R. S., ... & Wald, H. L. (2017). “Connecting the Dots”: A Qualitative Study of Home Health Nurse Perspectives on Coordinating Care for Recently Discharged Patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 32(10), 1114-1121.Smith, L. W. (2016). Home Health Nurses\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\' Knowledge and Beliefs Regarding Suffering, Artificial Nutrition and Hydration in People with Late Stage Dementia. 26th international Nursing Research Congress.Vandenberg, A. E., van Beijnum, B. J., Overdevest, V. G., Capezuti, E., & Johnson, T. M. (2017). US and Dutch nurse experiences with fall prevention technology within nursing home environment and workflow: A qualitative study. Geriatric Nursing, 38(4), 276-282.

Home Health Care in San Diego, CaliforniaToday, the people of San Diego, California enjoy a comparatively high standard of living as demonstrated by a sustained growth in the citys population over the past half century. Although the citys population is also young compared to national averages, the growth in the percentage of elderly residents continues to outpace other demographic segments. This trend has been matched by corresponding efforts to help the elderly and others in need on ongoing health care services remain in their own homes in order to optimize their quality of life. The juncture of these trends has resulted in increased demand for home health services in the San Diego area. The purpose of this paper is to examine the feasibility of establishing a home health service, Adaptive Home Health, LLC, in the San Diego area by providing a market analysis summary of home health services in this…...

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ReferencesAbout Us. (2022). Adaptive Home Health. Retrieved from   Reports: Home Health Care Services Industry (NAICS 62161). (2021). United States Home Health Care Services Industry Capital & Expenses Report, 1–222.Filbin, P. (2022, September 6). Home Health Care News. Retrieved from https://homehealth carenews.com/2022/09/report-nearly-7-million-more-direct-care-workers-will-be-needed-over-this-decade/.Home Health Agencies Serving San Diego. (2022). Caring.com. Retrieved from  https://www.caring.com/senior-care/home-health-agencies/california/san-diego-county .Home Health Services. (2022). Traditions Health. Retrieved from https://www.traditionshealth. com/home-health.Hovlin, L., Hallgren, J., Dahl Aslan, A. K., & Gillsjö, C. (2022). The role of the home health care physician in mobile integrated care: a qualitative phenomenograpic study. BMC Geriatrics, 22(1), 554.Krityakierne, T., Limphattharachai, O., & Laesanklang, W. (2022). Nurse-patient relationship for multi-period home health care routing and scheduling problem. PLoS ONE, 17(5), 1–26.San Diego Census. (2022). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/quick facts/fact/table/sandiegocitycalifornia/PST045221/https://adaptivehc.com/about/ .Barnes

quality of care and ensuring patient safety. In the home health care organization, peer review also measures staff competence and provides valuable feedback for performance reviews and making necessary changes to improve quality of service or efficiency of operations. One of the cornerstones of an effective peer review process is its ability to enhance accountability by promoting "self-regulation," (Kent, 2014, p. 1). Another important emblem of an effective peer review process in the home health care venue specifically is shared governance, a model of peer review that has been shown to be particularly easy to implement and also maintain (Furrer, 1996). In the home health care organization that I belong to, a formal peer review process does exist and it also reflects the core missions and values of the organization.
Moreover, the formal peer review process that exists in my home health organization is modeled after those espoused by both…...

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References

ANCC (2015). Retrieved online: http://www.nursecredentialing.org/

Furrer, R.A. (1996). Implementing peer review in home health care. Home Health Care Management 8(3): 53-59.

Haag-Heitman, B. & George, V. (2011). Nursing peer review. American Nurse Today 6(9).

Kent, K. (2014). Designing a peer review process. Advance Healthcare Network for Nurses. Retrieved online:  http://nursing.advanceweb.com/Article/Designing-a-Peer-Review-Process.aspx

Health Care Reimbursement and Billing
Both Mrs. Zwick and Mr. Davis face significant issues in the presented scenarios. Mrs. Zwick has multiple considerations under Medicare Parts A, B and D, in addition to her hospital-acquired urinary tract infection. Meanwhile, Mr. Davis must address the severe time constraints and costs of COBRA in light of his job termination. These two scenarios underscore current difficulties and complexities of current health care in the United States.

Discussion of Mrs. Zwick's coverage under Medicare Parts A, B and C

Medicare Part A (often called "hospital insurance") (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011, p. 15) assists in covering inpatient hospitalization and skilled nursing facilities, hospice and home health care (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011, p. 14). There is usually no monthly premium if you and/or your spouse paid Medicare taxes while employed (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011, p. 28). However,…...

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Ethical implications of Mrs. Zwick's incurring costs related to her hospital-acquired condition are applicable despite the rehabilitation facility's exemption from POA/HAC Medicare laws. Having no first-hand knowledge of the cause of the urinary tract infection, no clear indication that I work at the rehabilitation facility and neither the privilege nor the duty of diagnosis, it would be unethical for me to tell Mrs. Zwick about my suspicions. Rather, a nurse is required to maintain his/her professional boundaries (American Nurses Association, 2001, p. 6). Simultaneously, a nurse is supposed to assure "responsible disclosure of errors" to patients and act to stop bad practices and promote best practices (American Nurses Association, 2001, p. 6). Consequently, a nurse in my position faces a dilemma: lack of personal knowledge and authority vs. my concern for the patient's well-being and constant improvement of the profession. In the face of this dilemma, I would: contact the rehabilitation facility's newly-hired nurse and advise/remind him/her of the duty to report to the appropriate supervisor and responsible disclosure to Mrs. Zwick; contact Mrs. Zwick's personal physician and explain the entire situation; direct Mrs. Zwick to discuss her health issues with her personal physician, who can review, diagnose and discuss the ramifications of her medical records, including but not limited to the urinary tract infection (American Nurses Association, 2001, p. 7). The desired outcomes would be: the rehabilitation center's absorption of Mrs. Zwick's costs related to her hospital-acquired infection through pressure exerted by its own nursing staff and Mrs. Zwick's personal physician; Mrs. Zwick's awareness of the true cause of her infection by health care providers who are directly responsible and capable.

Explain how the COBRA will allow Mr. Davis to continue his insurance coverage while he is out of work.

Due to Mr. Davis' termination from an employer of more than 20 employees, he can obtain coverage for himself, his spouse and his dependent children for up to 18 months (U.S. Department of Labor, 2012). In addition, due to his chronic cycle cell anemia, he may be entitled to an additional 11 months' extension for disability (U.S. Department of Labor, 2012). His employer is required to give a qualifying event notice to COBRA; then, COBRA sends a notice of the right to elect to continue coverage and an explanation of the steps that must be taken to continue coverage; Mr. Davis, his spouse and either or both of them in behalf of dependent children may elect for continuation of coverage

Healthcare Case Study Schuylkill County, PA
County Overview - Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania is located in the heart of the anthracite Coal region of Pennsylvania where the Schuylkill iver originates. Pottsville is the county seat, and the county showed a population of just under 150,000 as of 2010 with a density of 190 persons per square mile. The total area of the county is 782 square miles, almost all land, less than 1/2 a per cent water. The county's history, likely due to large coal deposits, focused on the railroad and industrialization (Schuylkill Chamber of Commerce, 2011).

The county experienced the high point of its population during the 1920s and 1930s, and has been losing people ever since, most between 1950 and 1970, with about a 1-2% population loss since the turn of the century. This is likely due to the lack of appropriate jobs and opportunities within the county. Schuylkill County is…...

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REFERENCES

County Health Statistics - Healthcare 2010. (2009, March). Retrieved from Pennsylvania Department of Health: http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt-in_hi_groupoperator_1=or&in_hi_req_objtype=18&in_hi_req_objtype=17&in_hi_req_objtype=512&in_hi_req_objtype=514&in_hi_req_objtype=43&in_hi_req_objtype=1&in_hi_req_apps=7&in_hi_req_page=10&in_ra_topoperator=or&

Comprehensive Plan. (2010, March). Retrieved from City of Pottsville, PA:  http://www.city.pottsville.pa.us/html/cp1.htm 

Election Statistics. (2010, June). Retrieved from Pennsylvania Department of State:  http://www.dos.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/running_for_office/12704 

Schuylkill County. (2010, June). Retrieved from Sperling's Best Places USA:  http://www.bestplaces.net/economy/county/pennsylvania/schuylkill

Day treatment programs can provide services at less cost because the patient goes home at night after being treated during the day, which often is used for rehabilitating chronically ill patients (Sharfstein, Stoline, & Koran, 1995, p. 249). The mere fact of having more choice benefits some patients by giving them more say in their care.
Patient-focused care involves a method for containing in-patient costs for hospitals and for improving quality by "restructuring services so that more of them take place on nursing units rather than in specialized units in other hospital locations, and by cross-training staff on the nursing units so that they can do several 'jobs' for the same small group of patients rather then one 'job' for a large number of patients" (Kovner, 1995, p. 186). Kovner notes a number of barriers to this type of care. One reason has been that hospitals have not had to…...

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References

Doctors Say Managed Care Strains Patient Relationships (1997, June 9). Westchester County Business Journal 36(23), p. 24.

Kovner, a.R. (1995). Hospitals. In Jonas's Health Care Delivery in the United States, a.R. Kovner (ed.), pp. 162-193. New York: springer Publishing.

Moore, G.T. (1991,

April 24). Let's provide primary care to all uninsured Americans ? now! JAMA, pp. 2108-2109.

Health Unit Coordinator Description
A health unit coordinator may also be known as a unit clerk, ward clerk, or unit secretary (Health Unit Coordinator). They help maintain the facility's service and performance. One of the main responsibilities is acting as a liaison between patients and staff, which includes communicating with doctors, nurses, patients, other departments, patients, and visitors that visit the patients.

Prospects of health unit coordinator positions are in hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, health maintenance organizations, and home health agencies all across the nation. Employment opportunities for this position are expected to grow in demand as agencies require more help to coordinate services and performance. The start salary can range from $21,600 to over $24,000. The health unit coordinator may specialize in several different areas, such as reception, scheduling, safety protocols, or patient interaction.

High school courses of algebra, biology, chemistry, computer skills, data processing, psychology, English, composition, social studies, literature, foreign…...

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Bibliography

Health Unit Coordinator Certification, Exam, and Licensing Information. (2012, Dec 8). Retrieved from Edcation Portal:  http://education-portal.com/articles/Health_Unit_Coordinator_Certification_Exam_and_Licensing_Information.html 

Health Unit Coordinator. (n.d.). Retrieved from Health Careers Center: http://www.mshealthcareers.com/careers/healthunitcoord.htm

The American Public Health Association (APHA) is founded. This organization is concerned with the social and economic aspects of health problems.

The National Quarantine Act is signed into law. This legislation is designed to prevent entry into the country of persons with communicable diseases.

1899 the National Hospital Superintendent's Association is created. It later becomes the American Hospital Association.

Patel & ushefsky, 1995, p. xvii)

The seeds of health care legislation and centralization began before 1875 but began to take hold as the most accepted manner in which to ensure safe and scientifically founded health care for many and to begin to ensure that diseases that commonly plagued a newly urbanized and highly stressful environment of mass immigration could be dealt with, in a more centralized and practical manner. Founded earlier in 1847, the American Medical Association began to have a concrete and centralized role in the health care decisions of the nation. Without…...

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References

 

egistered nurses are both qualified, educated, and certified to provide a high quality of various care services that an individual may need in a home setting or elsewhere. Hence, providing these practitioners with the power to certify and provide home care is a solution to an overwhelming problem that has plagued the health care environment in recent years. Nursing practitioners, as a result of the nature of their work, are closely connected to the needs of individual patients. This means that they, more than many other health care providers and institutions, are able to assess the needs of individuals, their households, and the level of care they require. This places them in a position to accurately determine the need and/or of such individuals to obtain long-term home care and when such home care becomes unviable. As such, registered nurses who serve individuals in the home setting are able to…...

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References

AARP Public Policy Institute. (2013). FAQs. Retrieved from:  http://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/ppi/ltc/ltss_faq.pdf 

Brassard, A. (2011). Removing Barriers to Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Care: Home Health and Hospice Services. AARP Public Policy Institute. Retrieved from:  http://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/public_policy_institute/health/removing-barriers-advanced-practice-registered-nurse-home-health-hospice-insight-july-2012-AARP-ppi-health.pdf 

Doty, P. (2000, June). Cost-Effectiveness of Home and Community-Based Long-Term Care Services. U.S. Department of health and Human Services. Retrieved from:  http://aspe.hhs.gov/daltcp/reports/2000/costeff.htm 

Lynch, M., Estes, C., and Hernandez, M. (2007, June). Long-Term Care Policy Option Proposal: Consumer Controlled Chronic, Home, and Community Care for he Elderly and Disabled. Georgetown University Long-Term Care Financing Project: Working Paper No. 4. Retrieved from:  http://ltc.georgetown.edu/forum/4lynch061107.pdf

Contracts with doctors often contain a clause which doesn't allow the doctors to discuss
Health care 7 with their patients financial incentives to deny treatment or about treatments not covered by the plan (Glazer, 1996). This has caused many consumers, especially those with chronic illnesses, to form organizations with the American Medical Association and physician specialty groups to promote legislation forbidding "gag rules" (Glazer, 1996). One group, Citizen Action, has 3 million members and "has been lobbying in state legislatures for laws that would require plans to disclose how they pay their doctors; give patients the right to choose specialists outside the plan; and provide appeals for patients who get turned down for expensive treatments" (Glazer, 1996).

The doctor-patient relationship is also affected if a patient must switch to a new doctor under managed care. Having a longterm relationship with a primary doctor is important because he or she is more…...

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Works Cited

Bennett Clark, Jane (1996, July). What you should ask your HMO.

Kiplinger's Personal Finance Magazine. pp. 92-93.

Glazer, Sarah (1996, April 12). Managed Care. CQ Researcher, 6,

Koop, C. Everett (1996, Fall). Manage with care. Time. pp. 69.

Nursing homes, residential care facilities, and home health care will be core issues on the agenda for representatives in that area. In areas with substantial populations of non-native English speakers, a nurse might need to lobby for a greater wealth of bilingual health care services.
Community nurses are also becoming increasingly aware of the issues related to health care access including the growing number of underinsured or underinsured citizens. When communicating with lawmakers who have little first-hand knowledge of what health care costs are like or how health care integrates with the community, nurses need to focus on the issues that legislators understand. Policies related to access to health care can be framed in ways that achieve direct and immediate results. For example, a nurse might propose a strong network of community health and outreach centers that provide information on preventative care in multiple languages. Similarly, a nurse might work…...

The majority of communities in Alaska are separated by vast distances and the distance from many communities to the nearest medical facility is equivalent to the distance from New York to Chicago (Indian Health Service Alaska Area Services, 2011).
A study funded by AOA examined issues affecting access to home- and community-based long-term-care services among AI/ANS. Study results indicated that home healthcare was one of the most frequently needed services among AI/ANS. Further, 88% of the services sometimes, rarely, or never met the need, and 36% of services were rarely to never available (Jervis, Jackson & Manson, 2002). Only twelve tribally operated nursing homes exist in the U.S., and these rely predominantly on funding from Medicaid and tribal subsidies. Many tribes would like to have nursing homes but are blocked by state certificate-of-need requirements, Medicaid licensing requirements, and lack of commercial financing. The lack of alternate medical resources, whether private…...

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References

Alaska Area Indian Health Service. (2011). Indian Health Service. Retrieved from http://www.

ihs.gov/FacilitiesServices/areaOffices/alaska/.

Goins, R.T. & Spencer, S.M. (2005). Public health issues among older American Indians and Alaska natives. Generations, 29(2), 30-33.

Indian Health Service Alaska area services. (2011). Indian Health Service. Retrieved from  http://www.ihs.gov/FacilitiesServices/areaOffices/alaska/dpehs/documents/area.pdf .

These were categorized into three aspects, which the care provider could control for the benefit of the patients. These were satisfaction with the punctuality of the caregiver; the quality of interaction between the patient and the caregiver; and the overall dependability of health care. Promptness or punctuality with care or service was rated most highly by both groups. eing on time affected their functioning and comfort throughout the day, specifically with dressing, bathing and daily activities. Promptness was considered the easiest and most controllable aspect for the provider. The quality of interaction made the patients feel safe, respected and valued. And satisfaction with the overall dependability of health care mostly involved the caregiver's following through with the patient's suggestions, especially those by the more frail patients. This last aspect was also well within the control of the health care provider (Kolodonsky, et al.).#
ILIOGRAPHY

Champlin, L., (2004), surprising number of U.S.…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Champlin, L., (2004), surprising number of U.S. elders do not have health insurance coverage -- not even Medicare (Online). American Academy of Family Physicians.

  (Accessed 18 August 2009).http://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/media/releases/2004/uninsured-elders-4-1-04 

Cummings, S.M.; Neff, J.A.; and Husaine, B.A. (2003), functional impairment as a predictor of depressive symptomatology: the role of race, religiosity and social support (Online). Health and Social Work, National Association of Social Workers.   (Accessed 18 August 2009)http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb138/is_1_28/ai_n28983552 

Kolodinsky, J.; Junghun, N.; Lee, J.K.; and Dorzewiczewski, M. (2001). Degree of frailty and elderly satisfaction with personal care services in a community setting (Online). Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, ProQuest Information and Learning Company.   Accessed 18 August 2009).http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5516/is_200101/ai_n21465985 .

Healthcare Reform Models
Health Care Reform Models

Preventive Psychiatry

Shim and colleagues (2012) argue for taking advantage of provisions within the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 that emphasizes preventive and integrated care. They propose that the primary care setting is ideal for screening patients for signs of mental illness and associated risk factors. A mental health wellness program could also include coaches and other experts that interface with patients on an individual basis, including at the patient's home.

Long-Term Behavioral Health Care

Bao and colleagues (2012) examined four patient populations defined by disease severity and ability to pay, and then assessed how these four groups will fare under the behavioral health provisions in the ACA. Patients with private insurance and suffering from mild to moderate mental illness will probably receive the best care at a Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH). The authors suggest that the presence of comorbid conditions of sufficient severity…...