forgive?
The Holocaust museum in kokie, Illinois carries the motto "Remember the past, transform the future." It does not talk about forgiveness. It talks about using the past to transfer the future into a more constructive and positive experience that uses the lessons of the past to do so.

This essay discusses the concept of 'forgiveness' and goes into when it should and should not be applied.

Forgiveness

Nietzsche made a salient point that forgiveness is like nirvana. In fact, the whole concept of forgiveness reminds me of the Buddhist philosophy. Buddhists believe that life is inevitably one of frustration, disappointment, pain, and suffering. We have our disappointments and hankerings that turn out to be bloated and misplaced. Even desires, when met, turn out to be temporary. Life is one of unceasing travail and loss and many of us are sensitive to the hurt that life throws at us. Part of this hurt…...

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Sources

Buddhanet.com The Discourse on Right View http://www.buddhanet.net/budsas/ebud/r_view/r_view01.htm

Hitchens, C (2007) God is not great: how religion poisons everything New York: Twelve

Liszka, JJ (2002) Moral Competence Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall

However, seeing those bags of shaved prisoner hair, I came to understand how much of the impetus for the Holocaust was financial. Hitler may have had an irrational, psychotic hatred of Jews, but the Holocaust could not have occurred with the systemic dehumanization of a group of people. The Nazis harvested Jews for body parts. They used their bones for fertilizer and, as proven by the bags of hair, used their hair to upholster furniture. It was death for profit.
The fact that it was death for profit makes me concerned that genocide could occur in the United States. Right now, especially in border states, illegal immigrants are routinely exploited as a source of cheap labor, while people vehemently argue against offering them citizenship. There is a huge amount of racial animosity towards Mexicans and South Americans, especially in these border states. Furthermore, like post-orld ar I Germany, the United…...

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Works Cited

"Background." Nowhere to Turn: Plight of German Jews in Nazi Germany, 1933-1941.

Minnesota State University, 2010. Web. 17 Mar. 2010.

"Holocaust Denial." Jewish Virtual Library. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise,

2010. Web. 17 Mar. 2010.

poison used in the gas chambers, to the thousands of empty suitcases, clearly marked with names, which Nazi personnel emptied and appropriated after their owners were gassed to death. The Nazis not only took the lives of millions of Jews, they took everything that was a reminder of their lives. The world stood by while this occurred, and did nothing.
Why did the world stand by and allow millions of Jews to disappear into the death camps? Perhaps it was because most people could not comprehend anything so sinister and evil. Who could possibly believe that such evil could exist in the world? Who could believe that a race could incite so much hatred that another race would attempt to completely exterminate them? The very idea seems beyond imagination or possibility. Perhaps that is one reason the world stood by and watched as the Jewish ghettos emptied. They simply could…...

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References

Editors. "Then and Now." Remember.org. 2006. 9 June 2006. http://remember.org/then-and-now/tn03.html

Winfrey, Oprah. "Inside Auschwitz: The End of Times." Oprah.com. 2006. 9 June 2006. http://www.oprah.com/obc_classic/featbook/night/holo/holo_trip_350_101.jhtml

Museum Impressions
The museum I attended was the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, which is located at 100 15th Street (Raoul Wallenberg Place) Southwest in Washington D.C. It is part of the National Mall. I was initially struck by the size of the museum itself, and the many labyrinth-like passages, rooms, and corridors it contained that were all related to some different aspect of the Holocaust. I had known that the museum existed and had heard stories about many of the horrors of this particular time period, but I was a little surprised at how much history was preserved and at the number of people who were present on what was just a routine day at the museum.

One of the pieces that I spent the most time looking at was the cover of The Secrets of the Wise Men of Zen, which was displayed in its original German language in an…...

However, as the time in the ghettos grew longer, and Jews began to disappear in greater numbers, it became clear that something had to be done, and the resistance grew. Couriers risked their lives and carried messages to the outside, and armed rebellions began to be more common. What may be surprising is that so many acts of resistance actually occurred throughout Europe, this is something that is often overlooked in Jewish history.
When the Germans forced the Jews into labor, internment, concentration, and extermination camps, they realized what the Germans really had in store for them, and camp members forged resistance groups, as well, even though it was much harder to resist inside the concentration camps, because they were heavily guarded, the work was incredibly difficult, and food was almost non-existent. It was much more difficult to resist in these conditions. However, resistance did occur, even if the penalty…...

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References

Editors. "Resistance During the Holocaust. The United States Holocaust Museum. 2007. 26 Nov. 2007.  http://www.ushmm.org/education/foreducators/resource/resistance.pdf

Nazi Holocaust
The picture shows a larger-than-life gigantic bearded and very hairy naked man wearing a kippah (Hebrew head-covering) with the Star of David on it. He has a large and crooked nose and a ferocious, rather frightening grin as he appears to be gleefully tearing up railroad tracks and wreaking destruction on a city. There is something round, perhaps a large city water-storage tank, which has railroad tracks wrapped around it. Many of the details of the poster are slightly obscured by the glare of the lights, so one cannot be quite sure of what one is looking at. The sketchy 'city' seems to be broken, obviously destroyed by the monster, and this is well-illustrated with broken lines intended to be railroad tracks bent and strewn at random all over the city. At the very bottom of the picture, people are shown running away as they look back fearfully. These…...

Holocaust affected Israeli society and culture and how Jews memorialize/emember it today
There exists no doubt regarding the massacre of the Jews during the phase of World War II and its impact on the lives of the Jewish people and the people who were near and dear to them. A dissention is required against those who assert that the tragedy never occurred, irrespective of whether they hold an opposite perspective to the Holocaust theory or just outright vehemence against Jews. The Holocaust stands for the lowest extreme of Jewish impotence. The affected Jews of the Holocaust were distraught due to it, both by direct means and indirectly, and as a continuance their kith and kin, near and dear ones, were separated by space. The holocaust has been termed rightly as a "Tragic legacy." It has also been looked upon as an unauthentic episode.

Discussion

Just due to the fact they were Jews…...

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References

Anderson, Frank. "Holocaust Atrocity and Suffering." Vol.47. Middle East Studies, Vol.30, 1991, 164-177

Ben-Amos, Avner; Bet-El; Ilana. "Holocaust Day and Memorial Day in Israeli Schools: Ceremonies, Education and History" Israel Studies, Vol. 4, 1999, 258-284

Davison, Todd. "The Holocaust experience." International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol, 24, 1994, 153-165

Najarian, James. "Experiences of Holocaust Survivors." Mid East Quarterly, Vol.56, 1993, 114-128

At an arly junctur in th txt, th author provids a usful point
of considration which dos st it apart from many othr works on th
subjct. Rathr than to simply appal to th radr's sns of pity, Wood
taks on th task of dmanding admiration of th Jwish popl quit simply
for thir prsistnc to surviv as a cultur and with an intact sns of
idntity, vn if that idntity is inxtricably now linkd to th vnts of
th Holocaust. As th txt rports on anothr pag distinguishd by
complling photographs to th cas of Jwish dtrmination, "dspit th
high walls of th ghttos and th military strngth of th Nazis, many
popl in th ghttos scaps or fought in thir harts and minds. For
most, rsistanc took th form of clinging to th lov of family and
frinds, holding on to traditions, and strngthning thir hop." (Wood,
66)
Rviws of th txt ar uniformly positiv, particularly pointd to
th halthy balanc of…...

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effectively delivered in appropriate detail the realities and implications

of the Holocaust.

Publisher's Weekly (PW). (2007). Review: "Holocaust." Amazon.com.

Wood, A.G. (2007). Holocaust. DK Children.

Religious Views of the Holocaust
Most people realize that during World War II, the Nazi Party of Germany waged a relentless war against people they did not welcome in their country for one reason or another. We all know that over 6 million Jews died during the Holocaust, but many people don't realize that the Nazis targeted others as well, including Gypsies and some Christians who would not cooperate with the Nazi regime or who were caught aiding those who were supposed to be sent to concentration camps.

Given that the Holocaust was a multicultural and multi-religious event, it is interesting to consider how some major religions might view the events. Christianity teaches that all murder is against the law of God. However most Christian religions allow the execution of criminals by state governments. This is why we have individuals who protest executions but rarely hear entire denominations protest such events. So…...

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Bibliography

Dworkin, Andrea. 1994. The Unremembered: Searching for Women at the Holocaust Memorial Museum. Ms. Magazine, V:3

Rittner, Carol, Smith, Stephen D., and Steinfeldt, Irena, editors.

The Holocaust and the Christian World: Reflections on the Past - Challenges for the Future. 1994. New York: Continuum.

Jewish Museum
My experience concerning the Core Exhibition about Jewish life prior to, throughout, and after the Holocaust expressed through individual accounts and possessions was phenomenal. I found that the incredible displays explored characteristics of historical events and a deep, developing heritage. I discovered that through the Jewish Museum, I have learned to appreciate public programs that celebrate the fruitfulness of Jewish traditions and beliefs.

"The Rotunda"

I made my way through the uniquely winding security leading in to the museum where the multimedia presentation was at. Upon coming to the first hall, I heard a little music and from there followed it to the rotunda, where I saw images being projected on to walls all around the huge area. During the 9-minute multimedia presentation, there were three themes that were displayed. They were the following: "Remember, never to forget." The Ferdinand and Isabella letter of 1492 and "Jewish Renewal." The theme that…...

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Bibliography

Museum of Jewish Heritage -- A Living Memorial to the Holocaust. (2011). New York, NY.

Nazi Holocaust
The picture presents a monster tattooed with communist symbols. He is destroying a city that is equipped with electricity and other modern embellishments of civilizations. People are running for their life. On its face value, the picture can be taken as the criticism of communism. However, associating communism and Jewish origin with destructivity is not a naive gesture at all. It has an evil nature in itself showing hatred and intolerance for others in the society.

The descriptive text for the picture tells us that it is a propaganda poster depicting a stereotyped Jewish communist who is in the act of destroying Germany. Do we need to know more? This shows the hatred one cherishes against the Jew and the communists. This becomes crystal clear that the propaganda poster delineates the anti-Semitic as well as anti-communist mentality of the Nazis while this particular poster makes a caricature of a Jew…...

In 1918 Iceland became independent but remained under the rule of the Danish king. At the end of the war a plebiscite showed a 75% pro-Danish majority and the North Slesvig was once again reunited with Denmark (Miller 224).
As World War I was coming close and Denmark remained neutral Jews started moving to the country. There are no exact statistics since many of these immigrants were wary of the authorities, but as many as twenty to thirty thousand Eastern European Jews may have entered Denmark during this period and approximately 3,000 stayed permanently, thus doubling the Jewish population (Hammerich in Kisch). More did not stay because the existing assimilated Jewish community wanted to pay their passage out; they believed their position in society was threatened and latent anti-Semitism would spread. The Jewish congregation even actively cooperated with authorities such as the police to expel unemployed or unwanted individuals from…...

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References

Buckser Andrew. After the Rescue. New York: MacMillan, 2003

Bauer, Yehuda. Rethinking the Holocaust. New Haven: Yale University, 2001

Fein, Helen. Accounting for Genocide. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1979

Kische, Conrad. The Jewish Community in Denmark: History and Present Status.

CONESED PUBLIC SPACE: MEMORIES & HISORY
Contested Public Space: Memories and History

Das Denkmal fur Die Ermordeten Juden Europas

he Memory Landscape.

Mary's is a large old-style brick church belonging to the council of the Hanseatic city of Lubeck. On the floor at the rear of the church, broken pieces of two large bells remain where they fell during an air raid in World War II. he third largest church in Germany, it took 100 years to construct St. Mary's but just one Palm Sunday night in March of 1942 to nearly destroy it. As with so many churches ruined by bombing during the war, parishioners debated about restoration. Citizens living on war-torn homeland are caught: here is a lingering desire to preserve physical destruction as a message or signal to subsequent generations, or as an effort to share the horror of war time experience. If the physical evidence of war is wiped away,…...

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The Construction of the Holocaust Memorial in Berlin.

A competition for the design of the Holocaust Memorial in Berlin was held in April of 1994. Twelve artists were invited to submit a design and a stipend of 50, 000 German Marks was provided to each candidate. The proposals would be reviewed by a jury with representatives from architecture, urban design, art, history, administration, and politics. Interest in the project grew and at the end of the competitive period, 528 proposals had been submitted. Rounds of reviews commenced and 13 proposals were selected. But during the interim period between meetings, the jurors -- who ostensibly were then able to review the critiques of their fellow jurors -- asked that 11 proposals be put back in the running. Two proposals were finally recommended to the foundation for feasibility study. One proposal was designed by Simon Ungers architectural group from Hamburg, and one proposal was designed by Christine Jackob-Marks. Jackob-Marks' work included names of murdered Jews engraved in a large concrete plate, with empty spaces signifying Jews who could not be identified by name. Her proposal also included debris from Massada where the Jewish inhabitants avoided capture by invading Romans by killing themselves. Chancellor Helmut Kohl vetoed this proposal. It was considered too "German" and too similar to the Nazi death rosters. The controversy continued under many different guises.

In June of 1998, Peter Eisenman's design was chosen, but it was scaled down to 2,711 blocks, or stelae, after considerable controversy.[footnoteRef:22] Daniel Liebeskind, who was pupil of Eisenman's, claimed that Eisenman stole his design from the Berlin Jewish Museum's Garden of Exile. In July of 2001, billboards reflecting Holocaust denial sentiments appeared in Berlin triggering a funding controversy. [footnoteRef:23] In October of 2003, there was a major disruption to the project. Degesch, a subsidiary of the German company Degussa, was revealed by a Swiss newspaper to be the same firm that made Zyklon-B, the gas used in the gas chambers to murder Jews in the extermination camps. Degussa had been hired to coat the concrete slabs with an anti-graffiti substance. In fact, many stelae had already been coated and the anti-graffiti substance had been discounted as in-kind sponsorship of the memorial. Degussa had National-Socialist leanings during the war and this fact was ostensibly known to the construction management company and to Lea Rosh. Rosh declared that she had no prior knowledge of the connection, and she is reported to have said that, "Zylon-B is obviously the limit."[footnoteRef:24] Another subsidiary of Degussa had, but this time, already poured the concrete foundation for the stelae. Members of the Jewish community were outraged at Degussa's involvement and wanted them out of the project. Politicians on the Board of the foundation did not want to impose further expense on the project by stopping construction, or worse, destroying any construction that Degasse had already accomplished. The cost of this action was estimated at €2.34 million. One Board member, Wolfgang Thierse, was reported to say, "[T]he past intrudes into our society."[footnoteRef:25] The Zentrairat der Juden in Germany was outspoken about not continuing the work with Degrasse. Hezryk Broder emphasized that, "The Jews don't need this memorial, and they are not prepared to declare a pig sty kosher." [footnoteRef:26] Peter Eisenberg, perhaps in a bid to see his work finished, supported continuing the project with Degrasse. In November 2003, work restarted with Degrasse. In May of 2005, the Das Denkmal fur Die Ermordeten Juden Europas was completed. At the opening ceremony, Peter Eisenberg spoke about the significance of the Mahnmal, saying that, "It is clear that we won't have solved all the problems -- architecture is not a panacea for evil -- nor will we have satisfied all those present today, but this cannot have been our intention."[footnoteRef:27] [22: Historic Sites -- Berlin, Op. Cit. ] [23: Ibid. ] [24: Translated from "Die Grenze ist ganz klar Zyklon B." Leggewie / Meyer, 2005, p. 294. ] [25: Translated from "Die Vergangenheit ragt in unsere Gesellschaft hinein." Claus Leggewie and Erik Meyer (2005) "Ein Ort, an den man gerne geht." Das Holocaust-Mahnmal und die deutsche Geschichtspolitik nach 1989. Munich, DE: Carl Hanser Verlag Publisher. Munich. p. 294.] [26: Translated from "Di Juden brauchen dieses Mahnmal nicht, und sind nicht beriet, eine Schweinerei als koscher zu erklaren." Leggewie / Meyer, 2005, p. 294] [27: Berstein, Richard. (2005, May 11) Holocaust Museum opens in Berlin, The New York Times. Retrieved   ]http://www.nytimes.com/2005/0511/international/europe/11germany .

Undoubtedly, this association is partially explained by his postwar notoriety, but the ubiquitous image of Mengele at the ramp in so many survivors' accounts has also to do with the fact that Mengele often appeared "off-duty" in the selection area whenever trainloads of new prisoners arrived at Auschwitz, searching for twins."
Mengele's fascination with twins, and especially with experimentation on twins in order to find a way in which he could potentially double the size of the German race, led him to experiment on everything from eyesight, to pain tolerance, to tuberculosis. From witness accounts, Mengele would even inject the children with diseases, which often provoked vomiting and diarrhea, or would subject them to cuts while strapped to a table.

Because of his firsthand experimentation and selection of many prisoners, Mengele is responsible for countless numbers of deaths. Furthermore, due to his orders, others were either tortured, maimed, or killed at…...

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Works Cited:

Evans, Nick. "Nazi Angel of Death Josef Mengele 'created Twin Town in Brazil'" the Telegraph UK. 21 Jan. 2009. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. .

"Holocaust History." Josef Mengele. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 6 Jan. 2011. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. .

"Holocaust History." Nazi Medical Experiments. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 6 Jan. 2011. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. .

"Josef Mengele (German Physician)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. .

Hitler was a good leader who sacrificed his life for the German people.

Open answer: negative assessment only.

Open answer: not only a negative assessment.

Israeli and German Students' Reactions to a Dictatorial Regime

Israeli

German

Reaction

Support the dictatorial regime

Indifferent to the dictatorial regime

Resist the dictatorial regime

Israeli and German Students' Views on the Frequency of Discussions About the Holocaust

Israeli

German

There are too many discussions.

There are sufficient discussions.

There are not enough discussions.

There is no/hardly any discussion.

Israeli and German Students' Views on the Possible Rise of Nazism in Germany

Israeli

German

There is no chance that someone like Hitler

41% will rise to power again in Germany. The Germans have learned a lesson from their history.

I do not believe that someone like Hitler

41% will take power again in Germany; the Germans have learned from their history, but I cannot be sure about this.

There is a chance that someone like Hitler

15% will take power again in Germany, but I cannot be sure about this.…...

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Works Cited

http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5006600449

Ezell, Elizabeth D., Martin Seeleib-Kaiser, and Edward a. Tiryakian. "National Identity Issues in the New German Elites: A Study of German University Students." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 44.4 (2003): 280+. Questia. 1 Dec. 2008  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5006600449 .

Marzynski, Marian. A Jew Among Germans. Film documentary, 2005. PBS: online at   1 Dec. 2008. www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5008550817http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/germans/view/,retrieved 

Shamai, Shmuel, Eran Yardeni, and Benjamin Klages. "Multicultural Education: Israeli and German Adolescents' Knowledge and Views regarding the Holocaust." Adolescence 39.156 (2004): 765+. Questia. 1 Dec. 2008  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5008550817 .

1. Reflecting the Legacy The Impact of Tragedies in NMAI and NHM Titles

2. Remembering Through Titles Tragedies and Their Influence on NMAI and NHM

3. Perpetual Remembrance The Symbolism of Tragedy in NMAI and NHM Titles

1. Echoes of Genocide: The Enduring Impact Portrayed by the NMAI

2. Legacies of Atrocity: The Holocaust Museum's Testament to Terror

3. Lingering Shadows of History: The NMAI and NHM as Guardians of Pain

4. The Power of Memory: Preserving the Horrors Through Museums