Paine v. Chalmers
Maintaining historical perspective is a difficult task nearly two-hundred and fifty years after the event but a reading of Thomas Paine's Common Sense (Paine, 1997) and the contradictory pamphlet, Plaint Truth (Chalmers, 2010), prepared by British loyalist, James Chalmers, offers readers an excellent glance at the situation in colonial America in the beginning days of the evolution. As evidenced by the rhetoric in both volumes, lines were being sharply drawn which would seem to indicate that there were only two sides to the issue but, in reality, the Chalmers and Paine writings are only examples of the two extremes and most of the colonists were philosophically positioned somewhere in between the two extremes.

The significance of Paine's pamphlet cannot be overstated. elations between the Mother Country, England, and her colonies had been growing strained for a number of years but the impassioned words of a young dissident, who was…...

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References

Chalmers, J. (2010). Plain Truth: addressed to the inhabitants of America, containing remarks on a late pamphlet, entitled Common sense. Toronto, Canada: Gale ECCO.

Paine, T. (1997). Common Sense (Dover Thrift Editons). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications.

Paine v. Chalmers

Introduction
The historical review of supervision in schools starts in the colonial age when supervision of teaching methodology was done through the procedure of external scrutiny with local individuals appointed to review how the instructors had been teaching and how pupils had been learning. This particular format for assessment continues to be a benchmark in the process of supervision all through its evolution. Supervision only developed into a formal process within the governmental school systems during the 1830s wherein school administrations started using supervision due to population growth in key cities all over the U.S (Glanz and Sullivan, 2005; Tracy, 1995). This led to the development of urban school systems which ultimately had to be assessed by independent superintendents to make sure that the appropriate curriculum had been followed and pupils were effective at reciting the lessons.

Early years and the starting point of supervision

The term, “supervision” has its roots in Medieval…...

Jesus by E.P. Sanders
The Historical Figure of Jesus is an account of the life of Jesus the man. This is in contrast to the life of Jesus as presented by the bible.

The author looks at what we really know about Jesus's life. The emphasis is not about saying whether he is or is not the son of God, instead it just looks at what historians know about the life of Jesus. The book is in no way an attack on Christianity, it simply accepts that Jesus was a man and attempts to compile his life as a man.

At the same time, the book is not a biography of Jesus, it is more a look at what historical information exists and what it shows us about Jesus.

The author describes when the search for historical information began in the 18th century, showing us how scholars of the time approached the subject…...

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Bibliography

Sanders, E.P. The Historical Figure of Jesus. New York: Penguin, 1996.

. History of the selected system, including developer/manufacturer, need it was built to fulfill, and unique characteristicsThe history of unmanned aerial systems has been heavily emphasized for centuries. Many countries around the world used UAS as a means to provide a competitive advantage during war times. Others uses these systems as a means to create a climate of surveillance and research. These findings have been used to create further commercial applications that are still in use today. The usage of UAS, from a historical perspective, dates back to China. Around 200 AD Chinese developers and manufacturer used paper balloons equipped with oil lamps to illuminate the night during war periods. Foreign enemies, who were not aware of the technology believe the lamps during the night were spirits or a divine being. Likewise, during the civil war, both Union and Confederate forces launched balloons laden with explosives and attempted to land…...

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References 1. Andrejevic, M. (2016). Theorizing drones and droning theory. In A. Zavrsnik (Ed.), Drones and Unmanned Aerial Systems: Legal and Social Implications for Security and Surveillance (pp. 21-43). New York: Springer.2. Asaro, P. M. (2013). The labor of surveillance and bureaucratized killing: New subjectivities of military drone operators. Social Semiotics,23(2), 196–224. doi:10.1080/10350330.2013.7775913. Daggett, C. (2015). Drone disorientations: How \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"unmanned\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" weapons queer the experience of killing in war. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 17(3), 361–379. doi: 10.1080/14616742.2015.10753174. Feigenbaum, A. (2015). From cyborg feminism to drone feminism: Remembering women\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s anti-nuclear activisms. Feminist Theory, 16(3), 265–288. doi: 10.1177/14647001156041325. Gusterson, Hugh. “Toward an Anthology of Drones: Remaking Space, Time, and Valor in Combat.” The American Way of Bombing: Changing Ethical and Legal Norms, from Flying Fortresses to Drones, edited by Matthew Evangelista and Henry Shue, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2014, pp.191-2066. Holmqvist, C. (2013). Undoing war: War ontologies and the materiality of drone warfare. Millenium: Journal of International Studies, 41(3), 535–552. doi: 10.1177/03058298134833507. Kindervater, K. H. (2016). The emergence of lethal surveillance: Watching and killing in the history of drone technology. Security Dialogue, 47, 223–2382

Business Ethics in Precapitalist America
Precapitalist America

The American evolution was kindled by a growing dissatisfaction with the way colonial merchants were being treated by the English ruling class (Collins, 2011). In response to the Ottoman Empire's capture of Constantinople and the levying of onerous tariffs on trade goods coming from Western Europe, the Spanish Monarchy funded an exploratory venture that took Christopher Columbus west to map out a new trade route to Asia. The goal was gold at any cost, even at the expense of human life. One of the new markets that Columbus helped to establish was the Atlantic slave trade, with 'goods' moving east instead of west.

Over the next several centuries many of the Europeans arriving on the eastern shores of North America were indentured servants (Collins, 2011). When the number of European servants became insufficient to meet the demands of colonial merchants and farmers, more slaves were culled…...

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References

Collins, Denis. (2011). Business Ethics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Bassiry, G.R. And Jones, Marc. (1993). Adam Smith and the ethics of contemporary capitalism. Journal of Business Ethics, 12(8), 621-627.

interventionism from the perspective of realism vs. idealism. Realism is defined in relationship to states national interests whereas idealism is defined in relation to the UNs Responsibility to Protect doctrine -- a doctrine heavily influenced by Western rhetoric over the past decade. By addressing the question of interventionism from this standpoint, by way of a case study of Libya and Syria, a picture of the realistic implications of "humanitarian intervention" becomes clear. Idealistically, humanitarian interventionism is a process that stops atrocities and establishes peace and prosperity. Realistically, interventionism allows Western businesses to reap the spoils of destabilization -- as has been seen in Libya with the Libyan oil fields being claimed by Western oil companies -- and as is being seen in Syria, with the threat of invasion bound to have detrimental effects on the construction of a new pipeline that bypasses the Turkey-Israel pipeline. Syria also presents itself…...

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'Violent chaos': Libya in deep crisis 2 years since rebels took over', 2013, RT, 26 Aug.

Available from . [24 Aug 2013].

Weiner, T 2008, Legacy of Ashes, Anchor Books, NY.

Art One-Point Linear Perspective in the enaissance
One-Point Linear Perspective in the enaissance

In the context of art, perspective is generally defined as "… the technique an artist uses to create the illusion of three dimensions on a flat surface" (Essak). Perspective is in essence an illusion of depth and realism in the work of art. It is also an intrinsic part of human evolutionary makeup. As Edgerton ( 2006) states, "

Every human being who has ever lived from Pleistocene times to the present, has experienced in vision the apparent convergence of parallel edges of objects as they extend away from our eyes and seem to come together in a single "vanishing point" on the distant horizon… (Edgerton, 2006)

However, from an art historical perspective it is also true that linear or single-point perspective has not always been an accepted part of painting and artistic creation. It is in fact only fairly recently…...

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References

Edgerton, S. ( 2006). Picturing the Mind's Eye. Tampa University. Journal of Art History,

1. Retrieved from  http://journal.utarts.com/articles.php?id=4&type=paper 

Op Art History Part I: A History of Perspective in Art. Retrieved from http://www.op-

art.co.uk/history/perspective/

In other words she is seen in this light as a double threat to the country.
Consequently, she interferes in the issues and "frames" Naboth in a clever and callous plot. She succeeds in enlisting others in the community to support her actions against Naboth and he is accused of blaspheming against God and going against the King. She encourages the King to kill Naboth and to "...take him out and stone him to death." As a result Naboth is murdered and Jezebel is seen as being a cold and manipulative figure who will go to any lengths to achieve her ends.

However, from a more pragmatic historical perspective some scholars question the iblical text. As one study states,

The fantastical tale of Naboth's death... stretches the reader's credulity. If Jezebel were as hateful as the Deuteronomist claims, surely at least one nobleman in Jezreel would have refused to assist in the…...

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Bibliography

Atkinson J. Jezebel.   (Accessed 9 May 2008)http://latter-rain.com/eschae/jezebel.htm .

Kings 18:4. IBS. (Accessed 9 May 2008)

Biblos com. (Accessed 9 May 2008).

Courteau, Sarah L. "Was the Lady a Tramp?." The Wilson Quarterly, Autumn 2007, 92+. Database online. Available from Questia,   11 May 2008).http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5023471656.Internet .(Accessed

Bible
Encountering John: The Gospel in Historical, Literary, and Theological Perspective provides a remarkably thorough explication of John's gospel from multiple perspectives and points-of-view. The book is divided into five main parts, in addition to the appendices, indexes, and study tools. Author Andreas J. Kostenberger formats Encountering John as a textbook, and yet the tome also serves as a reference book that complements exegetical works and Biblical commentaries.

In the preface materials, Kostenberger clearly states that the book is intended for an audience of students. However, the tone is personal, informal, and familiar, rather than strictly scholarly or academic. This is due to in part to the fact that Kostenberger writes as a believer for believers, resisting the temptation to secularize biblical studies. The primary audience for Encountering John is students in biblical, theological, or seminary school who seek deep understanding of the gospel.

Part One of Encountering John covers basic history, chronology,…...

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Work Cited

Kostenberger, A.J. (2006). Encountering John: The Gospel in Historical, Literary, and Theological Perspective (Encountering Biblical Studies). Baker Academic.

Evaluating theoretical framework also assists in determining whether the structure directs the research study. This process entails identification of constructs or concepts, assessment of definitions, relationships, variables, hypothesis, methodology and findings.
Discussion Question Two: Will there always be a theoretical framework that aligns with your chosen topic of study? Why or why not?

Theoretical framework entails the collection of combined concepts that are not essentially well established (Aparasu, 2011). Theoretical framework determines the things a researcher measures and the statistical link to look for. Through theoretical framework, researchers engage preconceived ideas. For instance, some people deem that human beings are untrustworthy and lazy. Such basic beliefs regarding human temperament influences how a researcher views things when conducting a research. In this regard, not understanding the actual framework is an enormous concern. Theoretical framework directs the researcher to what he/she views in his/her environment, and what he/she does not notice in his/her…...

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References

Aparasu, R. (2011). Research methods for pharmaceutical practice and policy. New York:

Pharmaceutical Press.

Beck, C., & Faan, C. (2013). Routledge international handbook of qualitative nursing research.

New York: Routledge

Evidence suggests that this had absolutely no basis in reality. Swaim (2007) takes a satirical perspective on director Scott's choices in the film, even suggesting that the film was 'saved' by its inaccuracies. According to Swaim, Commodus, the Roman Emperor "who lusted after his sister in the film, was in real life held in high esteem by the senate and ruled for a successful 13 years (rather than the ineffectual few months depicted in the film). Also, though the Emperor did, in fact, have an enthusiasm for gladiatorial combat (he did so incognito), he didn't get his ticket punched in the arena. He was killed in the bath by a wrestler named Narcissus to prevent him taking office as consul." (Swaim, 1)
To Swaim's view, and to the view of this account, the filmmakers were a great deal more concerned with the expediency provided by certain plot devices than they…...

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Works Cited:

Neelin, D. (2003). Gladiator: The Real Story. Exovedate.com.

Swaim, M. (2007). 11 Movies Saved by Historical Inaccuracy. Cracked.com.

Ward, a. (2001). The Movie 'Gladiator' in Historical Perspective. Classics Technology Center.

U.S. History
Historical Book Review: Moretta, John Anthony. William Pitt Ballinger, Texas A&M University Press: 2000.

John Antony Moretta's biography of William Pitt Ballinger attempts to put in an historical perspective the career of a legendary Texas lawyer. Throughout this text, the author stresses the multifaceted nature of his subject. A kind of 19th century Thomas Jefferson in the breadth of his accomplishments, Ballinger's various interests and occupations included not only his career as a lawyer, public servant, and civic leader, but also earlier service to his state of Texas as a solider. Later, Ballinger's literary talents were exhibited in his work as an author, editorialist, naturalist, education reformer, and bibliophile.

Moretta's admiration for his subject seems unfeigned. When recounting an incident from Ballinger's life, regarding his service to the Confederacy for example, Moretta cites evidence that although the subject's actual service record might indicate otherwise, Ballinger was in fact "a staunch Unionist."…...

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Even if a reader does not share Moretta's affection for his prickly subject, however, the biography does provide ample interest and scope for a student of the late 19th century American legal and political scene. Moretta himself admits this in his introduction, stating, "through Ballinger we can watch the evolution of Texas from a rural and agrarian slave society into one of the fastest growing commercial states in postwar America." (Moretta 1-2) The 'cast of characters' involved in Ballinger's life encompassed individuals as diverse as Jefferson Davis and Daniel Webster. The relationship of Ballinger to the former is perhaps the most interesting because, again reflecting Ballinger's complex relationship to the Confederacy, after the war, Ballinger helped negotiate Texas' surrender and played a key role in the drafting of the state's 1876 constitution.

Ballinger was not simply part of Texas' agrarian and agricultural past, however. Although Moretta stresses the difficulty of Texas leaving behind this part of its history, he also, through Ballinger's legal work during the Gilded Age with Industrial Revolution tycoons, shows that Ballinger was able to be flexible in his attitude and outlook, to change with the shift in economic circumstances. Ultimately, Texas, although once a slave state, emerged as one of the most economically successful parts of the former Confederacy, despite the emotional resonance slavery still carried amongst many of its subjects. Gallinger's personal ability to respond to the times he lived in, to travel North and then return home again during the prewar and postwar periods does him credit as a man and a worthy subject of historical biography. It also enables the reader to "witness firsthand the impact Northern life had on Southerners." Gallinger's life gives a window on how Southerners and Texans viewed the entire country, not just their own state.

Moretta states that he chose to chronicle "Ballinger's life and career" because it could give readers " a wonderfully rich portrait" not only of a man but also "of Texas's premier antebellum city," that of Galveston, where Ballinger made his home. However, although Ballinger is certainly a colorful subject and Galveston was a bustling and diverse city, the author's prose occasionally falls flat. Only in recounted anecdotes and excerpted letters does Moretta's subject really become alive in the mind of the reader. The book contains a great deal of valuable historical information, and is thus useful to a student. But only in story does the reason that this individual was so respected become clear. A reader emerges from the text liking Ballinger, despite his political and social distance from the reader, but not necessarily enjoying the format in which one got to know him.

Gender Perspectives on Globalization
The social impact of globalization: case of Indian nurses migration

The globalization advent can be dated back to the post WWII era leading to the cold war period where countries increasingly chose the nations that they aligned their diplomatic, political and economic allegiances to. This trend was informed by the global economic trends that prevailed after the WWII and the need for economic allies in order for a country and to some extent a region to survive. The World Bank (2014a) advances globalization as the increased interdependence of countries on each other due to the ever increasing finance, trade, human resources and ideologies at the global level. It is characterized by the significant increase in the international trade patterns and the establishment of cross-border investments and these are noted to be the two major characteristics of globalization as sated by Mrak M. (2000:Pp3-6) and these cannot be overlooked.

Abstract

This…...

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References

Costinot A. Donaldson D., (2012). Ricardo's Theory of Comparative Advantage: Old Idea, New Evidence. Retrieved November 26, 2014 from  http://economics.mit.edu/files/7536 

Gill R., (2011). Nursing Shortage in India with special reference to International Migration of Nurses. Retrieved November 26, 2014 from  http://www.google.co.ke/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=8&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CFUQFjAH&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsocialmedicine.info%2Findex.php%2Fsocialmedicine%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F517%2F1088&ei=GEF2VJeBA4Ldao7_grgG&usg=AFQjCNF2NHcvOH9zERhetMyAYZN1uKua2A&sig2=VzqxICFENaDFRwkKDJ8YeA&bvm=bv.80642063,d.bGQ 

Nagarajan R., (2010). India tops with 56,000 migrant doctors in OECD countries. Retrieved November 26, 2014 from  http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-tops-with-56000-migrant-doctors-in-OECD-countries/articleshow/7154050.cms 

Senior K., (2010). Wanted: 2.4 million nurses, and that's just in India. Retrieved November 26, 2014 from  http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/5/10-020510.pdf

Germany West East
In the post-unification Germany of the present, the country seems to be caught between two worlds. Certainly, reservations about German power have tapered off. Germany has not become an irredentist nationalist power in European Union attire. In its relations with Western Europe, Germany has been successful in dispelling such fears. In Eastern Europe, the perception and the actual role of Germany is not bathed as much in the warm light of multilateralism. The challenge is not just for Germany to work harder to convince the East that it is well-intentioned. The deeper challenge however is to confront the fact that historical and structural constraints converge to create a situation of asymmetric dependence, rather than asymmetric interdependence, complicated further by the process of European integration and globalization. As being the land in between ussia and Germany, one can understand their nervousness. However, Germany is part of the West and…...

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References

Adebahr, Cornelius. The Comprehensive Approach to Crisis Management in a Concerted Weimar

Effort. Genshagen: Genshagen Foundation, 2011. 1-18.

"Berlin's European Recession." German-foreign-policy.. German-foreign-policy., 16 March 2012. Web.

22 Mar 2012.

Andre Malraux's novel, Man's Fate reflects the human realities and costs of war that have been depicted throughout Chinese literature. In his depiction of characters like Ch'en, Ferral, Old Gisor, Kyo and Katov, Malraux gives life to the terrible realities of war that have been seen in humanity as a whole, and are represented in almost any time of war. Ch'en's struggles with the dehumanizing effects of war reflect the struggles of many men throughout history, as Kyo's unfailing patriotism reflects the Moral Law of warfare written over 2,000 years ago in Sun-Tzu's The Art of ar. Similarly, Chinese Poet Tu Fu's "Ballad of the Army Carts" describes the agony of losing loved ones that is seen again within Man's Fate.
In Man's Fate, Malraux expertly exposes human emotions and conflicts that are universal to any time of war. A powerful novel that depicts human loss, difficult decisions, and the conflict…...

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Works Cited

Malraux, Andre. 1990. Man's Fate. Vintage.

Sun-Tzu. 1990. The Art of War. Vintage.

Tu Fu. Ballard of the Army Carts. Du Fu Poetry (Tu Fu). 25 May 2004. Available at http://www.chinapage.com/poet-e/dufu2e.html

Wikipedia. Andre Malraux. 24 May 2004.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_Malraux

I. Introduction
A. Definition of the Human Condition
B. Importance of Studying the Human Condition
C. Thesis Statement: Exploring key aspects of the human condition and their significance in shaping human existence.

II. Historical Perspectives on the Human Condition
A. Ancient Philosophical Views (e.g., Aristotle, Plato)
B. Medieval and Renaissance Perspectives (e.g., Thomas Aquinas, Machiavelli)
C. Enlightenment Thinkers (e.g., Rousseau, Hobbes)

III. Psychological Dimensions of the Human Condition
A. Human Emotions and Behavior
B. Cognitive Processes and Perceptions
C. Impact of Social and Environmental Factors

IV. Existential and Philosophical Views
A. Existentialism: Meaning and Purpose
B. Absurdity and Anxiety in Human Existence
C.....

I. Introduction
A. Brief overview of the history of corrections
B. Importance of understanding the historical perspective on corrections

II. Ancient and Medieval Times
A. Origins of corrections in ancient civilizations
B. Use of punishment and retribution in medieval Europe
C. Evolution of correctional institutions during the Middle Ages

III. The Enlightenment Era
A. Influence of Enlightenment ideals on corrections
B. Emergence of reformative approaches in corrections
C. The role of punishment and rehabilitation in the Enlightenment era

IV. The Industrial Revolution
A. Impact of industrialization on corrections
B. Development of modern prison systems
C. Changes in correctional practices during the Industrial....

Title: The Evolution of Correctional Institutions: A Historical Perspective

Introduction:

Provide a brief overview of the history of corrections, highlighting significant eras and developments.
Discuss the changing philosophies and practices of punishment and rehabilitation.
Introduce the concept of the historical perspective and its relevance to understanding contemporary corrections.

Body:

1. The Early Days: Retribution and Punishment:

Explore the historical roots of retribution and punishment as dominant themes in corrections.
Examine the use of corporal punishment, solitary confinement, and other harsh methods.
Discuss the impact of these practices on inmates and the overall effectiveness of corrections.

2. The Rise of Rehabilitation and Reform:

Trace the....

1. The Historical Impact of Joyce Travelbee's Theory on Nursing Practice

2. Exploring the Evolution of Joyce Travelbee's Theory in Nursing

3. The Influence of Joyce Travelbee's Theory on Nurse-Patient Relationships

4. A Historical Overview of Joyce Travelbee's Theory in Nursing Care

5. Examining the Legacy of Joyce Travelbee's Theory in Contemporary Nursing

6. Joyce Travelbee's Theory: A Historical Perspective on Nursing Philosophy

7. Uncovering the Historical Context of Joyce Travelbee's Theory in Nursing Education

8. The Enduring Influence of Joyce Travelbee's Theory on Nursing Research

9. Joyce Travelbee's Theory: A Historical Analysis of Its Impact on Nursing Ethics

10. Tracing the Historical Development of Joyce Travelbee's Theory in....