Historic Preservation and the Imagined West
In many of the American cities, historic preservation evolved differently, as have the destinies of the historical neighborhood in these cities. Denver, Seattle and Albuquerque are three such examples where the interests of different groups and the integration of the historical neighborhoods in the life of the city affected their overall development.

In Denver, the historical neighborhood is considered to be the area containing the Larimer Square and Lower Downtown. The respective area marked its transformation from the old warehouse district into a "mixed-use neighborhood" (Morley, 2006). The initial objective for saving and preserving the historical neighborhood in Denver was that of "revitalizing the central business district" (Morley, 2006). With such an objective in mind, there was a mixture of groups that fought to put that in practice and that included the city council and NGOs, as well as part of the business community.

However, the final…...

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Bibliography

1. Morley, Judy Mattivi. Historic Preservation and the Imagined West. University Press of Kansas. 2006.

Although the program is still relatively small it has developed into a well respected method of preserving important American landmarks. The program works at the federal, state and local level to guarantee the protection and preservation of these designated sites. Now that we have a greater understanding of Historic preservation and landmarks, let us discuss the constitutional issues that arise as a result of historic preservation.
Constitutionality of Historic Preservation

Although the federal government has established laws that provide guidelines to states as it relates to the preservation of historic sites, there have still been some challenges to such preservation as it relates to the constitutionality of the laws. According to oss (2005) the constitutionality of historic preservation ordinances can be challenged under the First Amendment when a plaintiff asserts that a governmental endeavor infringed upon Free Exercise rights or debased the Establishment Clause.

An article found in William and Mary law…...

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References

ARTICLE XIII. Historic and Landmark District Regulations. http://www.hvilletn.org/documents/zoningord/Article%2013.pdf

Benhamou F.

Who Owns Cultural Goods? The Case of Built Heritage

Forthcoming, in Ginsburgh, V. (ed.), Economics of the Arts and Culture, Elsevier Science, 2003. http://matisse.univ-paris1.fr/doc2/mse3102.pdf

More bad luck happened when there was an earthquake in 1948 that caused a lot of structural damage to buildings in Pioneer Square. Then in the late 1950s the Central Association of Seattle was created to upgrade the city's image and infrastructure, and the Seattle Center was built in 1962 for the orld's Fair. In the late 1960s, the clean-up of Pioneer Square began, as buildings were renovated and artists, architects, interior designers who "liked the aesthetics of the old buildings" (Morley, 75) - along with young professionals who prized the proximity to downtown - began moving in.
By 1975, about $10 million ($8 million from private investors) had gone into Pioneer Square's redevelopment, but prior to that, there had been a political battle overcome before Pioneer Square could become the wonderful venue it is now; urban sprawl and shopping centers had taken precedence over historic preservation and the King…...

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Works Cited

Morley, Judy Mattivi. (2006). Historic Preservation & the Imagined West: Albuquerque, Denver

Seattle. Kansas: University Press of Kansas.

Government in the Historic Preservation Process
The paper foregrounds the role of national, state and local government in the historic preservation process. It has 12 sources.

Historic preservation is taken up by smart governments in order to revitalize not only the structures but also the economy. The structures that assume historical value may bear more than just economic importance as they are also a form of national heritage. Therefore governments have the responsibility of taking measures to preserve the historic structures. To fulfill this responsibility, the government is given the authority to devise legislation for preservation. Further, the state governments should allow the local governments to participate in preservation efforts and build on these legislations.

Purpose statement

This paper studies the role of the government on a state and local level. The state government of Florida and the local government of Tallahassee (Florida) are specified for the study by the author. The paper…...

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Bibliography

Abney, G.B. (1998). "Florida's Local Historic Preservation Ordinances: Maintaining Flexibility While Avoiding Vagueness Claims." Florida State Univ. Law Review. 25:1017.

Bardon, D., and Murray D.L. (1998). Florida's Museums and Cultural Attractions. Sarasota, FL: Pineapple Press, Inc.

Bense, J. A Bense, Hernandez, J.L., Barnes, A. Deagan, K.A. Jackson, DH. Jr., Littrell, V., McKeithen, L., Quina, C., Uguccioni, E., Williams, C. (2003). Florida Historical Commission White Paper. February 20, 2003. [Online] Available at  http://www.floridatrust.org/whitepaper.html 

Center for Urban Policy Research. (1997). Economic Impacts of Historic Preservation. Trenton, NJ: New Jersey Historic Trust.

Instead, he chose to preserve the building's countless accretions so as to reflect the evolution of domestic life over three centuries. This approach, which can be seen at many of SPNEA's house museums today, has since become a distinguishing feature of SPNEA's preservation philosophy" (Redfern para. 2).
It was in 1915 that Appleton made his first visit to Newbury's fabled Spencer-Peirce-Little House, where he immediately recognized the importance of this imposing stone mansion. He recognized that the two-story brick porch was unique in New England. He kept in touch with the Little family with some regularity, hoping to secure the preservation of the property. Appleton died in 1947, but his thirty-year relationship with the Little family bore fruit in 1971 when Amelia and Agnes Little arranged for the land, buildings, and furnishings to come to SPNEA when they died (Redfern para. 2).

Norman Morrison Isham

Appleton learned much from Norman Morrison Isham,…...

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Works Cited

The Architectural Archives of the University of Pennsylvania. University of Pennsylvania, 2003.  http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/faids/aaup/isham.pdf .

The Clement Weaver Home" (2007). April 29, 2007. p://circa1679.com/aboutus.aspx.

Lindgren, James M. Preserving Historic New England: Preservation, Progressivism, and the Remaking of Memory. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Mason, Randall and Max Page. Giving Preservation a History: Histories of Historic Preservation in the United States. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Preservation of Historical uildings
The economic and political contexts that influenced the practice of heritage conservation of historical buildings

The prevalence of the practice of heritage conservation has been instigated with cultural concerns that arise from a developed human society, along with its gradual movement toward becoming a more technologically-advanced civilization. Primarily, heritage conservation, specifically of historical sites and buildings, was introduced as part of organizations' attempts to preserve humanity's cultural heritage. That is, the argument put forth in introducing heritage conservation is culture-based.

Stipe (2003) elucidates on this point, where he considers heritage conservation as initially introduced through an acknowledgment and implementation of cultural preservation. For the author, the conservation of historic buildings is essential because they are our "physical link to the past" (xiv). As such, historic buildings also serves as a reminder to and remembrance for people about the significant events in history that are considered important to people.

Despite the…...

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Bibliography

Klamer, A. And P. Zuidhof. (1999). "The values of cultural heritage: merging economic and cultural appraisals." CA: The J. Paul Getty Trust.

Klatt, M. (October 2004). "Car culture." Preservation Online. Available at: http://www.nationaltrust.org/Magazine/archives/arch_story/100804.htm.

Serageldin, I., E. Shluger, and J. Martin-Brown. (2001). Historic cities and sacred sites: cultural roots for urban futures. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Stipe, R. (2003). A richer heritage: historic preservation in the twenty-first century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

preservation of historic properties in urban centers and smaller communities alike has become a political issue. On the one hand, preservation potentially stymies new developments that might be beneficial to the future growth and health of the community. New development can offer greater diversity of housing options and possibly also enable urban growth by replacing older, smaller, and outmoded structures with larger, more efficient, and more flexible live/work spaces. On the other hand, demolishing historic structures frequently results in what Allen (2014) calls "Shanghaization," or the loss of valuable cultural material in favor of quick profit draws. Overly eager development that ignores any appeal to historicity destroys irreplaceable character, aesthetics, and culture. Ideally, cities strike balances between preservation and new development. The most successful cities are those that adapt to change while recognizing the of preservation. Selective preservation can take place when visionary teams replace tendentious bickering with progressive…...

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References

Allen, M.R. (2014). No, historic preservation does not inhibit urban growth. Next City. Retrieved online:  https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/the-myth-that-historic-preservation-inhibits-urban-growth

Essay Topic Examples 1. The Role of Digital Technologies in Heritage reservation:
    This topic explores how advancements in digital technologies, including 3D scanning, virtual reality, and online archives, contribute to the preservation and dissemination of cultural heritage. It also delves into the ethical considerations and potential limitations of digitizing tangible and intangible heritage.

2. The Impact of Tourism on Heritage Sites: Balancing Economic Benefits and reservation:
    This essay examines the dual role of tourism as both a potential threat to heritage conservation and a source of revenue that can be harnessed for preservation efforts. It discusses strategies to achieve sustainable tourism that respects and maintains the integrity of heritage sites.

3. Cultural Heritage and Identity: The Importance of reserving Traditions in a Globalized World:
    The discussion centres on the significance of safeguarding cultural traditions and languages as integral components of communal and national identities, particularly in the context of globalization. It evaluates how heritage preservation aids…...

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Primary Sources

UNESCO. \"Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.\" 1972. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.

ICOMOS. \"International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites (The Venice Charter).\" 1964. International Council on Monuments and Sites.

UN. \"United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.\" 2007. United Nations.

Australia ICOMOS. \"The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance.\" 2013. Australia ICOMOS.

U.S. Congress. \"National Historic Preservation Act of 1966.\" Public Law 89-665; 16 U.S.C. 470 et seq. United States Code.

American History
Your Highnesses have an Other World here, by which our holy faith can be so greatly advanced and from which such great wealth can be drawn," wrote Christopher Columbus to the king and queen of Spain following his third voyage to the Americas in 1498 (rinkley 1). ut even after visiting the New World three times he still had no idea what he had truly started, and he certainly saw no sign that he had began a new era in history. Yet, the history of European involvement in America had begun. Over the next several decades Spanish conquistadores made more and more voyages to the New World, and the royal treasuries grew. Settlements were established and the other European powers, seeing their opportunity, soon made efforts to establish colonies of their own.

In the midst of all of this, the native inhabitants were removed from their lands and sometimes massacred…...

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Bibliography

Brinkley, Douglas. American Heritage: History of the United States. New York: Viking, 1998.

Davis, Kenneth. American History. New York: Harper Collins, 2003.

Gutman, Bill and Anne Wertheim. The Look-It-Up Book of the 50 States. New York: Random House, 2002.

Turner, Frederick. The Frontier in American History. New York: Dover Publications, 1996.

Another highly pertinent grievance would be raised by the Executive Director, of the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, who complained that the park committees did a poor job of reaching out to community, environmental and preservation groups as the issue came onto the table. As the interviewee noted, he and his colleagues had no sense that this controversial plan was in the works. Moreover, even with knowledge of the plan, the director would observe that information was still scarce. Accordingly, the interviewer inquired "How many air rights will be sold? What's the process for them to be used? How much will it cost? I don't know for sure, but there may be up to 1.6 million square feet to sell. Based on my understanding, there are piers designated as 'commercial' and 'recreational'?, so we want to see in writing so it's not subject to different interpretations."

In spite of these…...

Managing a Preservation Project
• How would you preserve and maintain the historic structure in the twenty-first century?

In the late twentieth century there were major initiatives that set the stage for maintaining the historic structure in the twenty-first century. One of the most notable initiatives was the passage of the National Preservation Act of 1966 which ushered in a "New Preservation" philosophy (Glass, 2014). The paradigm shift in historical preservation consisted of a shift from individual sits of historic importance, to a more comprehensive strategy that includes preserving historical districts and architectural significance. The best way to get started is to contact the local State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) and see what resources are available for the local community. It is important to preserve a sense of history in the U.S., which has been called a "disposable culture" that doesn't always appreciate the historical significance of the country's heritage (Oppenheim Associates,…...

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References

Glass, J. (2014). History News: Fifty Years of the National Historic Preservation Act. History News, 13-17.

Oppenheim Associates. (2013, May 14). INSIGHT: Stephanie Meeks - President, National Trust for Historic Preservation. Retrieved from YouTube:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bGXcN8RSP8

com). Sedate it is definitely not. e read, "Even from this distance the tower's abundant ornamentation is clear. Its Northern Italian Gothic style adds exotic elements to the neighborhood's skyline." (iboston.org). Trinity Church cannot be overlooked when examining the history and architecture of Boston. It is said, "James O'Gorman described Trinity as 'a cultural event of the first importance in American history'" (O'Gorman qtd. In iboston.org). Trinity church is significant because it "represents a departure of the Boston's mind from its Puritan past, and emergence of American creativity as a force in architecture" (iboston.org). The churches of Boston are not special to Bostonians. It is written in the Catholic Historical Review that in 2005, "The National Trust for Historic Preservation announced... that it had included the Historic Catholic Churches of Greater Boston, Massachusetts, in its 2005 list of America's Eleven Most Endangered Historic Places" (Catholic Historical Review). The churches of…...

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Works Cited

The Old State House Museum." Boston History Online. Retrieved May 15, 2008.  http://www.bostonhistory.org 

Old State House." Story of Boston Online. Retrieved May 15, 2008.  http://www.storyofboston.com 

Boston History and Architecture. Retrieved May 15, 2008.  http://www.iboston.org 

Historic Places." Catholic Historical Review. Gale Resource Database. Retrieved May 15, 2008.  http://www.infotrac.galegroup.com

Then, it was especially attractive to the sorts of people who did not fit elsewhere: religious and political dissenters, or workers without guild membership. (p. 30).
In this regard, irmingham's goal to become the European Capital of Culture 2008 is a clear reflection of its newfound status (Plant, 2003).

The irmingham Jewellery Quarter. eginning in the mid-19th century, a number of Jewish communities began to spring up in the coastal towns as a direct result of the expansion of the royal navy; at the time, "Jewish watchmakers, jewelers, silversmiths, engravers, pawnbrokers, and purveyors of optical goods served both the civilian and naval populations in the ports.... They also exchanged foreign money for crews returning from abroad and sold inexpensive watches, rings, and other trinkets to ship bound sailors not permitted to go ashore for fear they might desert" (Endelman, 2002 pp. 50-1). The irmingham of the 1850s was not an easy…...

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Bibliography

Birmingham. 2005. In Encyclopedia Britannica [premium service].

Birmingham's Historic Jewellery Quarter." 2005. The Quarter: Birmingham UK. [Online]. Available: http://www.the-quarter.com/index.htm.

Brady, E. 2005, February 21. "Designs on Jewellery Success." The Birmingham Post (England), 3.

1999a, September 5. "Money: Made in the Midlands." Sunday Mercury, 42.

Because of the newer mobility of a significant amount of suburban America, driving to national parks was even more an option. The more people visited the Parks, it seemed, the more of a synergistic effect upon their funding and use (Jensen and Guthrie, 2006).
By the Johnson Administration in the 1960s, coupled with more media attention, there was increased public awareness of America's natural treasures. This was now that "Parks for People" Campaign. During this period there was also a fairly significant new awareness about ecology and the natural environment. The mission of the National Parks Service was called into question. eacting to this, Congress passed the General Authorities Acts of 1970, which became known as the "edwood Amendment," since a large part of the Act was devoted to conserving edwood National Park. Based on political pressure from citizens, Congress was also forced to provide a rather significant funding increase…...

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REFERENCES

The National Park Service. (2002, March). Retrieved October 2010, from U.S. History.com:  http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1605.html 

National Park Services Almanac. (2008). Washington, DC: National Parks Service, GPO.

Blackburn, S. (2007). Plato's Republic. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.

Brown and Pozner. (2001). Exploring the Relationship Between Learning and Leadership. Leadership and Organizational Develpment, 68(2), 274-80.

They write, "Combining tribal narratives and interpretations with archeological data results in a more intimate rendering of history, and enables us to more easily imagine the vitality of life at these sites" (Swidler, et al. 2000, 53). This, the perspectives of the many participants helped create a larger picture of life and work at these sites.
The project seemed to work well because all the participants worked at getting along with each other, and were working together toward a common goal - preservation of ancient sites that had strong meaning in their cultures. The authors end their discussion with this comment, "We now see that tribes are and will continue to be proactive in directed research projects. [...] -- it is possible to set aside political and philosophical differences to address a common goal" (Swidler, et al. 2000, 53). The challenges included getting the many tribes and their representatives together,…...

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References

Lister, Florence C. 2000. Incidents in Southwestern Archaeology. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.

Swidler, Nina, David Eck, T.J. Ferguson and Leigh Kuwanwisiwma, Roger Anyon and Loren Panteah, and Klara Kelley and Harris Francis. 2000. Multiple Views of the Past. Cultural Resource Management. Vol. 23. http://crm.cr.nps.gov/archive/23-09/23-09-13.pdf

1. Finding a Balance Revitalizing Cities While Preserving History

2. Preserving the Past, Building the Future The Delicate Dance of Urban Renewal

3. Striking a Balance Revitalizing Cities Without Erasing Their History

4. Harmony in Urban Development Balancing Revitalization and Historic....

1. Balancing Gentrification: Revitalizing Cities while Protecting History

2. The Gentrification Dilemma: Striking a Harmony between Progress and Preservation

3. Gentrification and Its Impact on Historical Neighborhoods

4. Inclusive Gentrification: Revitalization Strategies that Embrace Diversity