Hiroshima Bombing
The Manhattan Project

When I was asked to work on the Manhattan project during the late 1930's, I was delighted to be included in work of such magnitude. Not only would I work with the most prominent scientists in the world; I would also make a substantial contribution to the United States Government and its effort to keep the country safe.

Recently however I have begun experiencing considerable ambivalence regarding the work we were doing. Nuclear technology is extremely volatile and dangerous. The Government is also under pressure to end the war quickly, and plans are being made to use the atomic bomb for this purpose. Although the atomic bomb would effectively accomplish this, I am having serious misgivings about using it on human targets. My colleagues have voiced similar misgivings. For this reason I was asked to draw up a petition voicing our concerns about using the bomb in populated…...

The reverend did hard work during the after math of the bombing and was dedicated to help the survivors. He later on became a peace activist and traveled to the U.S. To give speeches and have TV appearances and raised money for the surviving victim's treatments.
Mr. Tanimoto is a more complex and complicated person in this novel and shows that he has ties to the U.S. He is acting upon them and this created suspicion to other Japanese people. He is spending so much time traveling to the U.S. that he misses out in the creation of a Japanese Peace movement in which he has no saying. Mr. Tanimoto has spend great time with survivors, yet due to his actions long after the bombing he appears not in good light to most Japanese people. His involvement and steady traveling to the U.S. made him not creditable to the Japanese…...

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Reference

Hersey, J. (ndi). Hiroshima. Retrieved May 04, 2010, from SparkNotes.com:  http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/hiroshima/canalysis.html#Reverend-Mr.-Kiyoshi-Tanimoto 

NAI. (ndi). Hiroshima: John Hersey. Retrieved May 04, 2010, from Cliff notes on Hiroshima:  http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/literature/Hiroshima-John-Hersey-Biography-Later-Years.id-14,pageNum-9.html

bombing of Hiroshima raises some significant ethical issues. From a military perspective, the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki served as the catalyst for bringing about Japanese surrender, thereby ending the war in the Pacific. However, these attacks on civilian targets were among the most horrific in the history of wartime. Such attacks would be outlawed today under the Fourth Geneva Convention, which was enacted in 1949 partly as a response to the bombings and other atrocities committed against civilians and prisoners of war during the Second orld ar. It is my view that the bombing of Hiroshima, while violating any reasonable code of ethics, resulted in a net sparing of human life and was therefore a necessary act to bring about the end of the war.
The Bombings

On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped the first atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Approximately 80,000 people were killed,…...

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Works Cited:

Alexander, L. & Moore, M. (2007). Deontological ethics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-deontological/ 

BBC. (2012). Japan marks Hiroshima bombing amid anti-nuclear calls. British Broadcasting Company. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from  http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-19144486 

Driver, J. (2009). The history of utilitarianism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history/ 

History.com. (2012). The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. History.com. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from  http://www.history.com/topics/bombing-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki

This new warfare had psychological as well as purely physical aspects of battle. The will of the Japanese people themselves had to be annihilated by snuffing out the lives of sufficient hundreds of thousands of them.
The old weapons were simply not sufficient anymore for the effect. Ironically, this most savage warfare is conceived and carried out by the most rational of scientists, senior military men and politicians who coat their various agendas in the belief that somehow they have been knighted by a "good war." The Japanese had started it after all, and by God, we were going to finish it. Vietnam was not the first place that the U.S. had to burn a village or a town to save its people from an "ism." It was instead in Hiroshima. This frightful paradigm of the "good war" candy coats our consciences when we recoil at the tens of thousands…...

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References

Hersey, John and Sam Sloan. Hiroshima. Bronx, NY: Ishi Press International, 2010.

Dropping the Atom Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
During orld ar II, a mid-20th-century conflict that involved several nations, the United States military dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (ikipedia, 2005). The first atomic bomb was exploded over Hiroshima on August 5, 1945; the second was detonated over Nagasaki four days later. The bombs killed more than 120,000 people immediately and about twice as many over time. Many of the victims were civilians.

As a result of the bombings, Japan surrendered unconditionally. These bombings went down in history as the first and only nuclear attacks, and have been the source of much debate in the sixty years that have followed. This paper discusses the decision to drop the atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in an effort to demonstrate that the decision to drop these bombs was indeed the right decision.

The atomic bombs were secretly created by…...

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Works Cited

Bernstein, Barton J. (1976). The Atomic Bomb: The Critical Issues. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.

Ferrell, R. (1980). Off the Record: The Private Papers of Harry S. Truman. New York: Harper and Row.

Takaki, Ronald. (1995). Hiroshima: Why America Dropped the Atomic Bomb. New York: Little, Brown and Company.

Miles, Rufus E. (1985). Hiroshima: The Strange Myth of Half a Million American Lives Saved.

Film Argument- Night and Fog (1955) and Hiroshima My Love (1959) by Alain Resnais (France)
n the films Night and Fog (1955) and Hiroshima My Love (1959), both directed by the French film director Alain Resnais, the filmmaker attempts to speak the unspoken through the silent language of film. n other words, Resnais attempts to create a sense of the unaccountable horrors of war, even though he cannot directly convey through spoken language or any singular image the impact of the felt, lived experience of wartime Europe.

n comparing the opening scenes of both films, one sees that the director first attempts to do so with juxtapositions of beauty and horror. Night and Fog first begins with a panoramic shot of the bucolic Polish countryside, followed with images of what it contained hidden amongst its beauty, namely the death camps. Hiroshima My Love begins with shots of a lover's embrace in close-up,…...

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In the films Night and Fog (1955) and Hiroshima My Love (1959), both directed by the French film director Alain Resnais, the filmmaker attempts to speak the unspoken through the silent language of film. In other words, Resnais attempts to create a sense of the unaccountable horrors of war, even though he cannot directly convey through spoken language or any singular image the impact of the felt, lived experience of wartime Europe.

In comparing the opening scenes of both films, one sees that the director first attempts to do so with juxtapositions of beauty and horror. Night and Fog first begins with a panoramic shot of the bucolic Polish countryside, followed with images of what it contained hidden amongst its beauty, namely the death camps. Hiroshima My Love begins with shots of a lover's embrace in close-up, followed by images of the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima. Life and beauty goes on, horror results, and there is no answer, even the inceptions of these cinematic narratives suggest, to the viewer.

The horror of war and the inability of art to translate this into effective images or words is further reinforced in Hiroshima My Love, in the scene where the female protagonist tells the male protagonist about her lost love, a German soldier, in the hotel the New Hiroshima. Terror is a constant in this world, the narrative suggests but it is so omnipresent it has become banal, just like the lived experience of the main characters that exists in the constant presence of the reminders of greater horrors. Memory is repressed, but the truth remains. This is perhaps even more powerfully suggested in the earlier film, when a boy is killed, yet the killer is unseen. The death is real, and the pain is real, but the actual accountability does not come to the victim. Because the living killer cannot express and refuses to face the consequences of his actions, the killer's face in the film is not literally revealed. He cannot, any more than the lovers take note of the name of the hotel The New Hiroshima, although in the latter case the camera does at least register its name. At least in the later film there is some hope. Even though the protagonists cannot see the death around them, at least the filmed narrative can encompass it, while in the film about the Holocaust, Night and Fog, the cinema cannot truly render justice in the form of accountability, of seeing a killer during a killing.

Biggest Decision" (Hiroshima)
"The Biggest Decision: Why We Had to Drop the Atomic Bomb" presents a number of nuanced reasons as to why President Truman ultimately gave the order for the atomic bombs dropped onto the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945. Robert James Maddox offers a number of persuasive reasons as to how Truman's decision was justified, mostly dealing with an examination of the Japanese side of the evidence. Japanese military policy seems to have necessitated the American military policy, in this case, as various facts on the public record will indicate.

Maddox notes first of all that the Japanese were in a position to continue hostilities for a relatively long time: he notes that in 1945 "the Japanese had more than 2,000,000 troops in the home islands, were training millions of irregulars, and for some time had been conserving aircraft that might have…...

United States' decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan in II was motivated by a desire for a decisive victory, an unnecessary act against a country that was would have surrendered without the use of the bomb, and a disturbing use of force that created worldwide fear and horror about the use of nuclear weapons. The bombings of Nagasaki and Hiroshima by the United States were justified by the American government as a reasonable means to bring a quick end to a bloody and long war that had engulfed the world for years. However, critics have argued that dropping the bombs was a completely unnecessary act, as a beleaguered Japan would have surrendered to the United States within days, even if the bombs had never been dropped. Further, critics argued that the United States' decision was ultimately motivated by a political desire to assert itself as a military and…...

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Works Cited

Alperovitz, Gar. The decision to use the atomic bomb and the architecture of an American myth. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995.

Harper, Stephen. Miracle of deliverance: the case for the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1985.

Perrine, Toni A. Film and the nuclear age: representing cultural anxiety. New York: Garland Pub., 1998.

Szasz, Ferenc Morton. The day the sun rose twice: the story of the Trinity Site nuclear explosion, July 16, 1945.

Atomic bomb in Japan [...] President Truman's decision to use the atomic bomb in Japan, and discuss why Truman's decision was the proper decision for the time. Choosing to use the atomic bomb to end the war with Japan was not an easy decision, or one that President Truman chose lightly. It was a necessary decision to keep the war from continuing, and ultimately save thousands of soldiers' and civilians' lives.
When Truman took office after President Franklin D. oosevelt died, he did not know about the development of the atomic bomb, it had been kept that secret. oosevelt had created a nuclear program to look into creating an atom bomb several years before his death in 1945. In June 1942, this program was turned over to the army, and worked in Manhattan, and that is why it was code-named the "Manhattan Project." Just three months later, Enrico Fermi, the…...

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References

Osborn, Tracey. "Teacher Oz's Kingdom of History - World War II." TeacherOz.com. June, 2004. 15 Nov. 2004.

<  http://www.teacheroz.com/WWIIBomb.htm 

Selden, Kyoko. The Atomic Bomb: Voices from Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Ed. Mark Selden. Armonk, NY: Sharpe, 1989.

Szasz, Ferenc Morton. The Day the Sun Rose Twice: The Story of the Trinity Site Nuclear Explosion, July 16, 1945. 1st ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 1984.

) Some even thought (rightly) that it was being spared for something big. However, no one in their wildest imagination was anticipating an atomic bomb attack. Hence, on the morning of the fateful day, the residents of Hiroshima were completely unprepared for an atomic bomb explosion.
Painting of Hell":

Many survivors of the atomic explosion on Hiroshima have likened the experience of the blast and its immediate aftermath to mankind's common perception of hell. A young Japanese sociologist, for example, described the scene of a nearby park after the explosion: "The most impressive thing I saw was some girls, very young girls, not only with their clothes torn off but with their skin peeled off as well...my immediate thought was that this was like the hell I had always read about." (Selden and Selden, xix) Another eye-witness, twenty-year-old Shibayama Hiroshi, recalled entering Hiroshima on foot from his suburban workplace within hours of…...

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Works Cited

Braw, Monica. The Atomic Bomb Suppressed: American Censorship in Occupied Japan. Armonk, NY M.E. Sharpe, 1991.

Hume, Mick. "Hiroshima: the 'White Man's Bomb' revisited." Spiked Essays. August 2, 2005. May 24, 2006.  http://www.spiked-online.com/Printable/0000000CACD0.htm 

Kagan, Donald. "Why America Dropped the Bomb." Commentary Sept. 1995: 17+.

Kamata, Sadao, and Stephen Salaff. "The Atomic Bomb and the Citizens of Nagasaki." Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 14.2 (1982): 38-50.

While many argued that it was a mistake the attack happened anyway and the result was a punishment that had never been experienced before in the history of the world. The dropping of an atomic bomb changed the strategic thinking of Japan for the rest of history. Today, and for the past five decades the nation has spent its energies trying to be a friendly ally to America and Great Britain instead of trying to become more powerful than they are. It has focused its attention on technological development and assisting the world in moving forward and not on which nation has the most power, the most money or the best military forces. The strategy behind the attack on Pearl Harbor was founded in the fear of economic and trade threats. Now the nation addresses those fears through advances in technology and the sharing of those advances with the…...

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References

Alperovitz, Gar (1995) Hiroshima: historians reassess. (atomic bombing)

Foreign Policy

Honan, William (1991) Who Planned Pearl Harbor?;a British Expert Warned the World, but Only Japan Remembered.The Washington Post

Fallows, James (1991) the mind of Japan. (Japanese history) (Special Report: Pearl Harbor: 50 Years) (Cover Story) U.S. News & World Report

Though Seita, seems a solid and stoic young man he is still charged with care that is far beyond his years and the losses are only hampered by the real need that is present within his sister. Even when Seita seeks assistance from his distant aunt there is still no relief from the care he must provide his sister and the absence of everything that they once knew. There really is for me limited hidden meaning in the present absent dichotomy as the film is reflective of imagery that brings hope back to the children over and over, but only in very small ways, as the reality of the absent environment marks the backdrop of the whole film.

The relationship between Seita and Setsuko provides additional textual evidence of the real challenges that they both face and how, realistically they cope with it. For Seita the only goal is to make…...

In order to be taken seriously in the world and to build understanding, a nation must make good on all their promises, be them positive or negative. it's likely that the Allied forces could have found another means of guaranteeing Japan's surrender with more ingenuity, though perhaps not. They had exhausted standard means of warfare, American lives and they didn't want to continue battle. Japan refused and essentially guaranteed more bloodshed. "hen advisors informed him that the alternative to using the atomic bomb was a million American casualties, he did not hesitate to give the order to use it" (Conlin, 718). America, some could argue, was being realistic and doing "the very bad things" powerful nations have to do to protect their people. And there is a strong argument for supporting the validity of such maneuvers. After America dropped the bomb on Hiroshima and issued a statement that it…...

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Works Cited

Bodden, V. . The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Mankato: Creative Education,

Print.

Conlin, J.R. The American Past: A Survey of American History: Since 1865. Boston:

Cengage Learning, 2010. Print.

Post-War Japan
The Depiction of Japanese Victimization in Gojira and Voice of Hibakusha

World War II left the countries involved devastated and permanently changed. This became true for Japan on August 6th 1945 when the U.S. army dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima in retaliation to an earlier attack by the Japanese. Huge areas of land were destroyed and the thousands of lives were ended. Japan has carried the weight of this tragedy for decades and struggled with the idea of their victimization. This struggle plays out in the art, literature and film of post-war Japan. In the documentary Voice of Hibakusha, the victims of the bombings spoke about their experiences and how it changed their lives. The 1954 film Gojira shows Japan being once again victimized on a large scale, but this threat comes not only as a side effect of war, but from Japan's past. Both works address Japanese victimization…...

Part 4 -- Just War and Iraq -- it can be very difficult to define intangible philosophies or actions that are both part of the human psyche and that seem obvious. One of these such intangibles is war. What is war? Each historical period has added a new meaning to the word, but the essence of it still remained the same. War is always associated with terror, cruelty and unhappiness. There are really five elements that allow a just war: cause, authority, intention, hope for success, and proportionality. Without becoming too cynical, most scholars would probably agree that the first Iraqi war was Just but the second, under Bush II, was not. There were clear distinctions. In the first, Iraq invaded a soverign country, Kuwait, who asked for aid and protection; in the second, data was never fully disclosed as to the infamous weapons of mass destruction, and later found…...

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"Information for Research on Euthanasia." December 2009. Euthanasia.com. .

Overview of Arguments Against Euthanasia." January 2010. BBC Ethics Guide. .

Sherwin, M. A World Destroyed. Stanford University Press, 2003.

One of the most interesting issues in international relations is the role that nuclear weapons play in the effort to obtain peace.  Many people suggest that nuclear weapons can preserve peace.  The United States was the first country to actively deploy nuclear weapons in an effort to shorten a war by dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. The widespread destruction, which was unlike anything ever experienced in a war up to that point, is often credited with ushering in the end of World War II, at least in the Pacific....

Propaganda played a significant role in shaping public opinion during World War II, influencing the way people viewed the war, their enemy, and their own country's efforts. In Europe, Nazi propaganda was used to manipulate German citizens and justify their aggressive actions, while Allied propaganda aimed to boost morale and portray the Axis powers as the enemy. In the Pacific, Japanese propaganda portrayed America as a threat to their empire, while American propaganda highlighted the need to defeat Japan to protect peace and democracy.

The impact of propaganda on the outcome of the war was significant. In Europe, Nazi propaganda helped....

Essay Topics on "War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War" by John W. Dower

1. Race and the Origins of the Pacific War

Examine Dower's argument that racism and racial stereotypes played a significant role in Japan's decision to go to war in the Pacific.
Analyze the construction of racial categories and their impact on the war's escalation and brutality.

2. The Myth of Racial Superiority in Imperial Japan

Discuss the ideological underpinnings of Japanese imperialism and its belief in the supremacy of the Japanese race.
Explore how this myth influenced military strategies and the treatment of prisoners of....

1. The Justification for the Bombings in World War 2

2. Analyzing the Impact of the Bombings on World War 2

3. The Ethical Dilemma of Dropping Bombs in World War 2

4. Examining Alternatives to Dropping Bombs in....