In HS2: Valuing the benefits of HS2 (London-West Midlands), the authors consider the direct benefits and disbenefits to users, the wider economic impact, and other economic and social impacts arising from land use changes. The major benefits for users are journey time savings, reduced crowding, and improved reliability. Though HS2 would generate profits, it would cost the government money to implement it. Finally, Dr. J Savin conducted a financial analysis that does not support the HS2. He believes that the numbers supporting HS2 may claim 90% more traffic than is realistically possible. He also believes that the real costs of construction are hidden because of the government's accounting methods, so that it will actually cost more than its publicized amount.
Chapter 4: Arguments in Favour of the New Line

The primary argument in favor of the new line is that it will provide high speed rail service to an area that…...

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References

Better than HS2 2011, A better railway for Britain. Available from: www.betterthanhs2.org.

Bluespace Thinking 2010, A review of high speed rail- HS2 proposals. Available from:

www.bluespacethinking.com. [August 2010].

Department for Transport 2009. Britain's transport infrastructure: High speed two. Available from www.dft.gov.uk. [January 2009].

High Speed ail
With greater economic and population growth, there is crowding issues on existing rail lines, poor journey times, areas that have been neglected with existing rail ways, and a greater carbon issue. In efforts to reduce the CO2 emissions, the government has encouraged less car usage, less air travel usage, and more train travel. In these efforts a new high speed rail line has been proposed.

The proposed High Speed Two project is intended to reduce CO2 emissions and provide measures to accommodate future growth in the train travel industry. By reducing road usage and air usage, the train travel produces less CO2 emissions to further harm the environment. The HS2 project is designed to operate with existing lines to produce greater capacity and efficiency in services to new and local users.

The HS2 (London-West Midlands) project case alone will provide 13 billion more in benefits than the cost in…...

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References

Anon., 2009. Britains Transport Infracture: High Speed Two, s.l.: Bluespace Thinking.

Anon., 2010. A Review of High Speed Rail-HS2 Proposals, s.l.: Bluespace Limited Thinking.

Anon., 2010. Financial Anaylsis of High Speed 2, s.l.: Wendover.

Anon., 2011. A Better Railway for Britain, s.l.: www.betterthanhs2.org.

As the report, is highlighting several key points that are outlining the strengths of the system. The most notable include: it will reduce congestion, there will be greater levels of productivity, it will integrate the English rail system with the rest of Europe and it can improve the nation's ability to remain competitive. These different elements are important, because they are showing how this strategy will address ritain's current and future transportation needs. As a result, the information from this source is corroborating the findings from the previous research by illustrating how this plan will meet nation's transportation needs. The differences between these articles are this is talking about specific strategies that can address the concerns of opponents. While this piece of literature is highlighting, the positive benefits and ignoring key elements that are important to all stakeholders in the process. Therefore, this source is providing us with background…...

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Bibliography

A Better Railway for Britain, 2011.

A Review of High Speed Rail, 2010, Blue Space Thinking Limited.

Britain's Infrastructure High Speed Two, 2009, Department for Transport.

Demand for Long Distance Travel, 2011.

The National Safety Council approximates the entire losses owing to traffic accidents in 2011 was about $250 billion. There were somewhere in the region of 3 trillion vehicle miles, and 1.7 people per vehicle, so all this protection cost of cars comes to 4.6 cents a passenger mile (as it turns out is more than twice more normal approximations). By means of this 4.6 cent number, a rail line that shifts 780,000 drivers produces an additional $9 million a year of passage safety advantage.

A standard estimation is that cars produce 5 cents of blockage damage for each one vehicle mile of travel. From the same basis, let us factor in another 3 cents per vehicle mile to cover up neighborhood pollution, fuel dependence problems and road maintenance. This works out to another $9 million worth of benefits from decreasing the amount of drivers by 780,000 (the carbon impacts of High…...

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Works Cited

Financial analysis of High Speed 2 Stage One

The carbon impacts of High Speed 2. Greengauge 21. Sep. 2012

Valuing the Benefits of HS2 (London -- West Midlands). April 2011.

Capturing the benefits of HS2 on existing lines. GreenGauge21. 2011

Public and mass transit are issues confronting nearly every nation as well as many individual municipalities. The UK is no exception and there are currently many proposals on the docket than attempt to resolve mass transit for distance and commute that are rapid and more environmentally sustainable than individual automobile transportation. One of those transportation proposals is HS 2, a high speed train network that would connect many locations, provide rapid service, resolve issues of environmental concern, and come at a relatively high cost to individual taxpayers and central and local governments. This high cost is often seen as an extreme barrier with regard to developing large infrastructural transportation projects. In summation this work will explore the topic of the HS 2 proposal and offer both affirmative and contrary evidence to support and/or detract from that HS 2 proposal project. This work argues that though it's difficult to calculate…...

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References

Betterthanhs2.org 2011 Sept. A Better Railway for Britain

Bluespace Thinking Ltd. 2010 April A Review of High Speed Rail - HS2 proposals

Department of Transport

…2009 Jan Valuing the Benefits of HS2 (London -- West Midlands)

HS2 proposal is a government project to build a one hundred mile long High Speed Rail (HSR) line between London and Birmingham, England that, once completed, will have the capacity of carrying 28 trains per hour. These trains will be capable of 220 -- 250-mile per hour. It is projected by some experts that this line will reduce journey times from London to other cities by up to 30 minutes. Government reports that there is the potential of reduced emissions, job creation, and economic development(s) as a result of the construction of this line. There are quite a few individuals and groups that disagree with the government's projections, and many argue against the line due to the project's 25 billion pound cost. Others argue that it is not only the cost, but the added carbon emissions, low usage, and elitism associated with the construction and continued ridership issues.
This paper will…...

people using rail in the country has grown by 50 per cent and is mainly driven by sensitivity to the environmental. As a result the government has introduced an investment in a railway network and service improvements that will sustain the growth. This project has triggered some debate where some feel that the network is necessary and that it will benefit those who are inclined to use rail as a preferred means of transportation. The government through the department of transportation makes a case for the development of the line arguing that the line will link major centres in the UK. The line is expected to benefit businesses by improving the links between the major terminals thereby saving time and creating more job and business opportunities. In addition, HS2 is most likely to reduce a substantial amount of CO2 emissions as recommended by the Climate Change Act 2008.
Introduction

Department for…...

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References

AGAHST Federation 2011, A Better Railway for Britain, viewed 16 December 2012.

Bains, J 2011, Working with Word, Live in Hope Publishing, Frustration City.

Blackett, J 2011, Business Benefits, viewed 16 December 2012, .

Bloggs, J 2010, More About Nothing, Rampant Publishing, New York.

High Speed II (HS2) in an initiative by the British government to invest in the future of the country's rail network in order to transform its economic geography. The project is aimed at helping businesses to function more productively, bring key cities closer together, and foster the growth of employment and regeneration. Moreover, the high speed II rail initiative is for the purpose of providing alternatives to domestic aviation and developing a platform that supports long-term and sustainable prosperity and economic growth. As part of the strategy, the British government has set up the High Speed Two Limited Company (HS2 Ltd.) to consider the feasibility of the rail services between London and the West Midlands.
Problems Associated with High Speed II Strategy:

While the strategy is geared towards accomplishing several goals that will transform the rail network, there are various problems associated with the high speed II initiative. Some of these major…...

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References:

Aizlewood, K. & Wellings, R (2011), High Speed 2: The Next Government Project Disaster?

Institute of Economic Affairs, viewed 9 December 2011,

g. Chunnel), take upwards of 1.5 to 2 decades to adequately plan and construct. Thus, no is the time to look forward to the future of railway in Britain and invest in the possible. This will, in fact, protect the next two generations from being saddled with even higher debt and potentially a lower rate of benefits (Department of Transport 2009).
However, other research shows that the government's economic case is unsound because it depends on rates of return that are implausible as well as unproven synergies of growth demands created by the railway itself (e.g. because the railway is high-speed, more people will choose to use it). Less expensive solutions are available through alternative transport systems, and can likely be implemented more quickly, thus relieving congestion and serious urban problems now, rather than in years or decades. This is surmised by looking at the transportation trends over the past 15…...

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Works Cited

Atkins, K 2009, Approaisal of Sustainability: A Report for HS2, viewed December 2011,  http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110131042819/http:/www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/rail/pi/highspeedrail/hs2ltd/appraisalofsustainability/pdf/summary.pdf .

Bluespace Thinking 2010, A Reviwe of High Speed Rail - HS2 Proposals, viewed December 2011, http://www.bluespacethinking.com/assets/user/reports/HS2%20Review%20PDF%203.pdf.

Cheap fast trains "are transport future" 2009, viewed December 2011,  http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8434653.stm .

Department of Transport 2009, Britain's Transport Infrastructure - High Speed Two, viewed December 2011,  http://www.hs2.org.uk/assets/x/55872 .

As a result of these major issues and ineffectiveness of the project, future research on the project should focus on the development of a suitable alternative for the new high speed railway. The development of a cost-effective and less expensive alternative should be based on accurate financial analysis and precise projections of economic benefits. In literature review, there are 1,090 words between the background and conclusion sections.
eferences:

BetterthanHS2.org (2011), A Better ailway for Britain, BetterthanHS2.org, viewed 28

December 2011,

Bluespace Thinking Ltd. (2010), A eview of High Speed ail -- HS2 Proposals, Bluespace

Thinking Ltd., viewed 28 December 2011,

Department for Transport (2009), Britain's Transport Infrastructure: High Speed Two,

Department for Transport, viewed 28 December 2011,

Greengauge21 (2011), Capturing the Benefits of HS2 on Existing Lines, Greengauge21, viewed

28 December 2011,

High Speed Two (HS2) Ltd. (2011), Demand for Long Distance Travel, High Speed Two (HS2)

Ltd, viewed 28 December 2011,

High Speed Two (HS2)…...

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References:

BetterthanHS2.org (2011), A Better Railway for Britain, BetterthanHS2.org, viewed 28

December 2011,

Bluespace Thinking Ltd. (2010), A Review of High Speed Rail -- HS2 Proposals, Bluespace

Thinking Ltd., viewed 28 December 2011,

HS2
The British government is set to spend billions of dollars to build a High Speed Rail (HSR) line that will run between London and Birmingham. Opinions on this project have been as varied as they are vitriolic. For every person that sees the enormous benefits of the project, an opposite member of society sees the huge drawbacks that such a project can entail. There has already been a large amount of money spent on determining if the project is feasible, and many a report has been generated both on the pro-side of the argument, and on the con side of the same argument.

That new forms of transportation, or at least vastly improved forms of old transportation norms, are greatly needed by Europe in general, and specifically Great Britain is considered by many to be a given fact. As a two thousand and eight study by the Department of Transport determined…...

Honolulu Rail
Honolulu's Impeding Rail System:

Addressing the Necessary Factors to Ensure the Successful Implementation of a Mass Transit Rail System in Honolulu, Hawaii

The Honolulu High-Capacity Transit Corridor Project has already gone through a plethora of designs and revisions and has recently the project has been approved by the governing authorities. The project is meant to address many issues that can propel Honolulu into a more sustainable direction. Inspiration for this project did not require a great leap in human inventions and technology. In fact, many nations have already successfully constructed such rail systems. Not only have they proven successful, but they have been successfully transporting people for many decades now. However, for whatever reason, the United States has never adopted the efficiency of rail systems to the extent that other cultures around the globe have.

These issues that stand the most room for prosperity from the implementation of a contemporary rail system…...

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Works Cited

Au, L. (2008, November 10). Voters on route drive rail victory. Retrieved February 3, 2011, from Honolulu Star Bulletin:  http://archives.starbulletin.com/content/20081110_Voters_on_route_drive_rail_victory 

Elfes, H. (2011, January 31). Siemens Prepares Bid for U.S. High-Speed Train Project. Retrieved February 2, 2011, from Bloomberg:  http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-31/siemens-prepares-bid-for-u-s-high-speed-train-project-faz-says.html 

Environmental Graffiti. (2011). The 5 Best Mass Transit Systems in the World. Retrieved Feburary 2, 2011, from Environmental Graffiti: http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/green-living/free-ride-the-five-best-mass-transit-systems-worldwide/1095

Hansen, e. a. (2007). Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim? NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 1-35.

The possibilities for job creation are truly endless.
At the same time, there's a tremendous downside to the possibility of HS2 being created. We live in the 21st and the days of polluting the planet and worrying about it later are long gone. The international community is worried about the fate of the earth, and with good reason. Thus, all forms of new transportation need to be scrutinized in order to see if they will help or hinder the environment. This subject deserves the most careful critique as on the one hand -- any form of mass transit seems like it would be good for the environment as opposed to the single car driver. On the other hand, this is far too unique of a viewpoint to readily embrace. The supporters and leaders behind HS2 say that its fine for the environment, but this may not be the case. "However…...

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References

Betterthanhs2.org. (2011). A Better Railway for Britain. betterthanhs2.org, 1-11.

Bluespace. (2010). A Review of High Speed Rail - HS2 proposals. Bluesoace.

HS2. (2011). Demand for Long Distance Travel. HS2, 2-16.

HS2. (2011). Valuing the Benefits of HS2. HS2, 2-18.

He however mentioned that the construction of the system would revolutionize the way people travel in the region. Professional Engineering (2009) mentioned that the railway system account for about six percent of total passenger kilometers that are travelled in Britain. This figure need to be higher with the need for at least trebling the figure. HS2 is noted to be important in also presented the benefits of the HS2 system over the existing line. Bluespace Thinking (2011) performed a demand forecast, economic benefits as well as the alternative options to the ail as well as oad HS2 demand forecast.
The arguments for the proposed HS2 rail system

The Department of Transport (2011) presented a series of arguments that are in support of the proposed construction of a high speed rail system, HS2. The proposed railway system is expected to slash the time of travel between cities in order to bring London…...

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References

Bluespace Thinking (2011). A Review of High Speed Rail - HS2 proposals.

Else, H (2011). Transforming the way we travel. Professional Engineering

Hibbert, L (2011). Businesses back plans for a second high-speed rail line but the No campaign is vociferous.Professional Engineering

The Department of Transportation (2011)Economic Case for HS2:The Y Network and London -- West Midlands.

Your motivation

The motivation that makes the researcher to investigate this problem is to assist Amtrak to cut costs to generate yearly profitability. It is essential to realize that the government is funding a business that is not generating profits due to the inefficiency of the company management. The annual grant giving to the company is the taxpayer money that needs to be diverted into other useful venture. The Amtrak Company could generate net profits without the assistance of the Federal government if the company is being run by competent people. Recent report by New York Times reveals that Amtrak is losing $80 Million annually on food sales. "It's an outrageous cost to taxpayers," (2). These are part of the activities where the company is losing money making the company to run at a loss yearly. Amtrak's management needs to be replaced with people skilled in management practice to make the…...

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Works Cited

Amtrak. Amtrak Annual Report 2011. Amtrak Rail System. USA. 2011.

House of Representatives. Management of Amtrak systemic problems require actions to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability: report to the Chairman, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. DIANE Publishing. USA. 2007.

York Times. Amtrak Losing Millions Each Year on Food Sales. Published: August 2, 2012.