Although there is a broad range of treatment options for heroin addiction, including medications and behavioral therapies, research indicates that when medication treatment is integrated with other supportive services, the addict is more often able to recover and return to a stable and productive lifestyle (NIDA). In 1997, a panel of national experts concluded that opiate drug addictions are diseases of the brain and medical disorders that can be treated effectively, and recommended broader access to methadone maintenance treatment programs, including the elimination of Federal and state regulation barriers impeding this access (NIDA). The panel also emphasized the importance of providing substance abuse counseling, psychosocial therapies, and other supportive services to enhance retention and successful outcomes (NIDA).

Methadone blocks the effects of heroin for approximately 24 hours and has a proven successful when prescribed at a high dosage level. Other medications include naloxone, which is used to treat overdoses, and naltrexone,…...

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Works Cited

From Flowers to Heroin. The Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved July 07, 2006 at  http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/heroin/flowers_to_heroin.htm 

Gupta, B.S. (1997, January 01). Personality characteristics of persons addicted to heroin. The Journal of Psychology. Retrieved July 07, 2006 from HighBeam Research Library.

Heroin. Street Drugs. Retrieved July 07, 2006 at http://www.streetdrugs.org/heroin.htm

NIDA InfoFacts: Heroin. (2006 April). National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved July 07, 2006 at  http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/heroin.html

According to NIDA: A range of treatments exist for heroin addiction, including medications and behavioral therapies. Science has taught us that when medication treatment is combined with other supportive services, patients are often able to stop using heroin (or other opiates) and return to stable and productive lives. (NIDA, August 2009, p. 2) Drug treatment options are used often in combination with traditional cognitive behavioral and social behavioral therapies to reduce the craving for the drug and include: Methadone Buprenorphine, Naltrexone. (NIDA August 2009, pp. 2-4)
Heroin's Appearance

The drug can appear as a white or brown powder or in the form of a brown sticky substance known on the street as "black tar heroin." (NIDA August 2009, p. 1)

Long-Term Effects,

There are many long-term effects of heroin, not including the life interruption process of treatment and recovery that include; cognitive impairment (Ornstein et al. 2000, p. 113) life altering patterns of…...

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Resources

Brezina, C. (2009) Heroin: The deadly addiction. New York, NY: Rosen Publishing Group.

Fernandez, H. (1998) Heroin. Center City, MN: Hazeldon.

Moraes, F. (2000) the little book of heroin. Berkley, CA: Ronin Publishing.

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (August 2009) Heroin: Infofacts Retreived February 15, 2010 from:  http://www.drugabuse.gov/PDF/Infofacts/Heroin09.pdf

Heroin Addiction
The drug known as heroin is a form of morphine, derived from poppy seeds. It is very easy to become addicted to heroin because of the euphoric feeling that it creates in the person who uses the drug. Morphine and its derivative heroin is a downer, this is the slang term for a depressant. It "affects the brain's pleasure systems and interferes with the brain's ability to perceive pain" (Drug 2011). The first dosage gives the person a high that alleviates all worry and releases endorphins. After this, the user must increase the dosage of heroin each time in order to achieve that same feeling. Each usage needs more of the drug and the amount of heroin that is injected or taken orally increases exponentially (Fernandez 2011). This is why so many heroin addicts overdose accidentally. Overcoming heroin addiction is very difficult and requires the assistance of strong medical…...

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Works Cited:

Bourgois, Philippe (2011). "Righteous Dopefiend." American Ethnography Quasimonthly.

"Drug Guide: Heroin." (2011). Partnership for a Drugfree America.

 http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/heroin 

Fernandez, Humberto. (2011). Heroin: Its History, Pharmacology, and Treatment. Hazelden:

Medication for heroin addiction includes Methadone, LAAM, Naloxone, Naltrexone, and Buprenorphine. Of these, methadone is the most widely used. Methadone is a legal drug that can only be obtained with a doctor's prescription. It allows the heroin addict to function normally, but its disadvantage comes with its being addicting as well (Simpson, 1997). In a study by Blanken, Hendriks, Koeter, van ee, & van den Brink (2005), they found that patients who had previously participated in abstinence-orientated treatment responded significantly better to treatment with medically prescribed heroin plus methadone than to standard methadone maintenance treatment, while patients without experience in abstinence-orientated treatment did equally well in heroin-assisted or methadone maintenance treatment. Among the behavioral therapies for heroin addiction, two have emerged successful: Contingency Management Therapy, and Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions (Parker & Parker, 2002). The Contingency Management Therapy utilizes a voucher-based system in which the patient can earn points for each…...

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References

Gwinnell, E. & Adamec, C.A. (2006). The encyclopedia of addictions and addictive behaviors. New York: NY Facts on File, Inc.

Humberto, F. (1998). Heroin. Minnesota: Hazelden Publishing.

Parker, J.N. & Parker, P.M. (2002). The 2002 official patient's sourcebook on heroin dependence. California: Icon Group International, Inc.

Simpson, C. (1997). Methadone: drug abuse prevention library. New York: Rosen Publishing Group.

Heroin Abuse and Addiction
A drug can be any substance, which can modify the functions of every living organism that consumes it. In medical terms, drugs provide instant but temporary relief from several unhealthy symptoms. Drugs such as Heroin produce many unwanted side effects. They are extremely toxic and can lead to a very unhealthy dependency that has behavioral and physiological roots, both. Heroin has lasting health consequences; it can also lead to death. The purpose of this essay is to provide a literature review of causes and consequences of heroin abuse and addiction. Our culture surrounds abuse of the heroin substance that leads to diseases and other problems indirectly.

A Literature review on Heroin Abuse and Addiction

Excessive use of painkillers and other relief providing substances lead to addiction. There is a fine line between substance abuse and substance addiction. Addiction can be any inherited disease and it makes an individual…...

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References

Connolly, S. (2000). Heroin: Need to Know. London: Heinemann Library.

Connolly, S. (2000). Steroids: Just the Facts. London: Heinmann/Raintree.

Fernandez, H. (1998). Heroin. New York: Hazelden Publishing.

Hawkins, D. (2008, July 14). The effects of heroin use on an unborn child. Retrieved April 17, 2012, from  http://www.helium.com/items/1113374-the-effects-of-heroin-use-on-an-unborn-child

heroin addiction that St. Germain has as well as her relationship with her brother. The poem gives a vivid description of the entire injection process. There is personification when giving a description of the veins where the piercing is to be done so as to get the heroin into her system. The veins are described as being al blue and throbbing just wanting to be pierced. The use of the personification of the veins intensely brings out the message of the urge that he had to get the heroin into his system. The grip which the brother had on the opposite arm is likened to a grip which is as tight as death. This communicates the message that when piercing is being done there should be a tight grip probably so that the process can take place smoothly and also showing the serious needs of the process that is…...

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Reference

Bookrags, (2013).How to Analyze a poem. Retrieved April 9, 2013 from http://www.bookrags.com/articles/18.html

Exchange in a Heroin Marketplace
In this chapter, the case study basically put the emphasis on exchange so as to reason that illicit drug marketplaces which were being produced and then reproduced by means of a dynamic and complex relations and social processes. This case study does give the understanding that contrasts with dominant conceptions of drug (and other) marketplaces that view them as driven by the mechanism of supply and demand, that mainly pay no attention to their constituent social relations and that have a habit of reifying the 'market' as an object to be measured instead of a process to be understood. This case study for this chapter likewise tests dominant and stigmatizing buildings of heroin users and sellers as degraded, abject 'others', showing that, in their day-to-day lives, they take part in similar practices and struggle with a lot of the same challenges as regular people do.…...

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References

Dwyer, R., 2014. The Drug Effect Health, Crime and Society. In: s.l.:Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-17.

Manderson, D., 1995. Metamorphoses: Clashing Symbols in the Social Construction of Drugs. The Journal of Drug Issues, 25(4), pp. 799-816.

Martin, J., 2013. Lost on the Silk Road: Online drug distribution and the 'cryptomarket. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 9(7), pp. 1-17.

Moore, D., 1993. Beyond Zinberg's 'social setting': a processural view of illicit drug use. Drug and Alcohol Review, Volume 12, pp. 413-421.

Treatment Strategies for Heroin/Opioid AddictionIntroductionThis paper examines research on treatment strategies for heroin/opioid addiction, with a focus on three specific approaches: antagonist therapy, aversive therapy, and anti-drug vaccine research.Antagonist therapy is a type of treatment for heroin addiction that works by blocking the effects of the drug. It is typically used in conjunction with other forms of treatment, such as counseling and behavioral therapy. There are two main types of antagonists: natural and synthetic. Natural antagonists, such as naltrexone, bind to the same receptors in the brain as heroin, but they do not produce the same effects. Synthetic antagonists, on the other hand, are designed to bind more strongly to the receptors and prevent heroin from binding at all. Both types of antagonists have been shown to be effective in reducing heroin use and preventing relapse. However, they are not without side effects, and they must be used in combination…...

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References

Bell, J., & Strang, J. (2020). Medication treatment of opioid use disorder. Biological

Psychiatry, 87(1), 82-88.

Bisaga, A., Mannelli, P., Sullivan, M. A., Vosburg, S. K., Compton, P., Woody, G. E., &

Heroin History -- San Diego
Brief Introduction to the History of Heroin

The drug known today as "heroin" is actually an opioid that was first synthesized into heroin in 1874. In fact heroin was also synthesized by the Bayer aspirin company in 1897 and sold as a legal pain-killer for years prior to its regulation in the United States. "The initial response to the launch of heroin by the Bayer Company was overwhelmingly positive," according to an article published in the Sunday Times (1998). The chemist for Bayer was Heinrich Dreser, and he wrote about heroin in several medical journals, and additional studies "…endorsed the view that heroin could be effective in treating asthma, bronchitis, phthisis and tuberculosis" (Sunday Times, p. 2).

By the year 1899 Bayer was making about "…a ton of heroin a year," and the company exported its brand of heroin to 23 countries; but the citizens most willing to…...

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Works Cited

Jorquez, J.S. (1984). Heroin use in the barrio: solving the problem of relapse or keeping the tecato gusano asleep. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 10(1), 63-75.

National Drug Intelligence Center. (2000). Heroin. Retrieved June 19, 2013, from http://www.justice.gov.

Loue, Sana. (2002). Case Studies in Forensic Epidemiology. New York: Springer.

NIDA International Program. (2012). Question 2: What is the history of opioid addiction in the United States? Retrieved June 19, 2013, from  http://international.drugabuse.gov .

Heroin is a powerful, highly addictive drug that is derived from opium. It was first synthesized from morphine in the 1890s and was initially considered to be an effective pain killer and cough suppressant. Its harmful effects were, however, soon recognized and heroin's manufacture and sale is now illegal in most countries because of its widespread abuse and habit forming qualities. The number of heroin addicts in the United States alone is around 2 million and despite the restrictions and crack-down on the manufacturing and use of the drug, illicit heroin trade still thrives in many parts of the world due to the continuing demand for the drug and very high profits involved in its trade. This paper focuses on the effects of heroin and discusses:
Physical effects of heroin: short- and long-term

Psychological effects of heroin: short- and long-term

Sociological effects of heroin: short- and long-term

Observable signs and symptoms of acute intoxication

Physical…...

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References

Goode, Erich (1972). "A Sociological Perspective on Drugs and Drug Use." From: Drugs in American Society, Chapter 1. Retrieved on October 10, 2003 from  http://www.psychedelic-library.org/goode.htm 

'Heroin Effects." (2003). Narconon Southern California Website. Retrieved on October 10, 2003 from http://www.heroinaddiction2.com/heroin-effects.htm

'Heroin Overdose." (2003).Narconon Southern California Website Retrieved on October 10, 2003 from  http://www.heroinaddictiondrugrehab.com/h-overdose.htm 

'Heroin Addiction." (2003) Gulf Coast Recovery Website. Retrieved on October 10, 2003  http://www.heroin-addiction.us/index.htm

If they stay connected to their program, to aftercare, and to a structured twelve step program, they have a chance for successful recovery.
ecently, there have been calls for insurance companies to cooperate in the treatment goals for addicts (Starr, Sonja, 2002, p. 2321). If the insurance carriers cooperate, there is every reason to believe that greater progress can be made in the treatment of heroin addiction. It would allow the patient the opportunity to pursue the treatment modalities that would help the patient learn to transition from an addiction behavior pattern, to a behavior pattern that excludes the addiction behavior pattern. Pursuing sobriety often requires a complete restructure of the client's personal life, friends, and even intimate relationships.

Treatment for heroin is physically and mentally challenging, but many of the former addicts have shared their stories of post addiction successes that serve to inspire and encourage others to seek treatment…...

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References

 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=108000214 

Bean, P. & Nemitz, T. (Eds.). (2004). Drug Treatment: What Works?. New York: Routledge. Retrieved February 26, 2009, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=108000216 

Landry, M.J. (1994). Understanding Drugs of Abuse the Processes of Addiction, Treatment, and Recovery. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. Retrieved February 26, 2009, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=96875207 

Starr, S.B. (2002). Simple Fairness: Ending Discrimination in Health Insurance Coverage of Addiction Treatment. Yale Law Journal, 111(8), 2321+. Retrieved February 26, 2009, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000773611

Why have the rates of heroin use increased in Indiana and how has the nature of crime changed as a result of drug use in Indiana?The use of heroin has increased for a litany of reasons. As the video indicates, the pharmaceutical companies have created drugs that are so effective, that they often create a culture of dependance. These drugs, which are designed to cure certain elements often lead to addictions due to their overall potency. Likewise, cultural issues related to drugs have also caused a increase in usage of heroin in Indiana. Historically, the state has suffered for a long and protracted issue related to drugs. In response the state has increased oversight and supervision of drug related offenses in the states. This has caused the larger and more pronounced issues related to methamphetamines to decline over time. To replace it, heroin started to increase in usage, according to…...

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References

1. American Association of Community Psychiatrists. LOCUS—Level of Care Utilization System, Psychiatric and Addiction Services. Adult Version. 2000a. www?.wpic.pitt.edu/aacp/finds/LOCUS2000?.pdf[Accessed January 25, 2002]

2. American Society of Addiction Medicine. Principles of Addiction Medicine, 3d ed. Graham, A.W., Schultz, T.K., Mayo-Smith, M.F., Ries, R.K., and Wilford, B.B., eds. Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2003.

Demographic Information Jodi is a 22-year-old Hispanic female. She is a single mother but does not live with her daughter who enrolled in the foster care system. She completed her general educational development (GED) tests, but her Certified Nursing Assistant Training Program is still pending. Her past medical history indicates that she gave birth prematurely but has no known allergies.
Assessment of Data
Jodi became pregnant and gave birth to a daughter after a raped ordeal. She patient has a five-year addiction to treatment. She administers the drug five to six times a day through the intravenous route. She enrolled in both the outpatient and inpatient detoxification programs but did not finish. She was treated with Suboxone for one month before she abandoned the pharmacological therapy and has a history of marijuana and alcohol abuse. Moreover, Jodi has depression that has led to a suicide attempt. Despite being diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder…...

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References

Connors, G. J., DiClemente, C. C., Velasquez, M. M., & Donovan, D. M. (2013). Substance abuse treatment and the stages of change: Selecting and planning interventions. Guilford Press.

Dart, R. C., Surratt, H. L., Cicero, T. J., Parrino, M. W., Severtson, S. G., Bucher-Bartelson, B., & Green, J. L. (2015). Trends in opioid analgesic abuse and mortality in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(3), 241-248.

Galanter, M., Kleber, H. D., & Brady, K. (Eds.). (2014). The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of substance abuse treatment. American Psychiatric Pub.

Kaminer, Y. (2013). Adolescent substance abuse: A comprehensive guide to theory and practice. Springer Science & Business Media.

Longmore, M., Wilkinson, I., Baldwin, A., & Wallin, E. (2014). Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford University Press.

Lewis, J. A., Dana, R. Q., & Blevins, G. A. (2014). Substance abuse counseling. Cengage Learning.

Straussner, S. L. A. (Ed.). (2012). Ethnocultural factors in substance abuse treatment. Guilford Press.

Whiteford, H. A., Degenhardt, L., Rehm, J., Baxter, A. J., Ferrari, A. J., Erskine, H. E., ... & Burstein, R. (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet, 382(9904), 1575-1586.

Heroin Affect a Caucasian Family?
Cicero, T., Ellis, M., Surratt, H., Kurtz, S. (2014). The changing face of heroin use in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry, 71(7): 821-826. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.366.

The study is from a scholarly, peer-reviewed, academic journal: it shows that heroin use has changed over the past 50 years in terms of demographic affected. While it use to be a problem that largely impacted inner-city minorities, now it is being used primarily by "white men and women in their late 20s living outside of large urban areas" (p. 821). The consequence of this shift is that more Caucasian families are impacted by heroin use than ever before. The study hypothecates that a reason for the shift in demographic is the cheapness and availability of the drug; however, there is some social acceptance, as one subject notes, "All of my friends use heroin and I know multiple people who will sell it…...

Heroin Impact on Caucasian Family?
A large number of Caucasian families are plagued with the issue of heroin use, mostly consumed via injections. This is a major public health issue. Viral hepatitis, HIV and other dangers associated with heroin dependence, as well as social harm resulting from accompanying poverty and crime, exceed those of almost all other drugs used. A majority of Caucasian households are indirectly as well as directly impacted by the aforementioned diseases.

Increased pureness and decreased drug costs are potential factors contributing to the trend of decreased age of first-time consumption and increased initiation into habitual consumption in the Caucasian population. As heroin dependence can be successfully cured, primary care providers need to check their patients for this problem.

This paper serves two purposes. Firstly, it attempts to study substance abuse's socio-economic effects on Caucasian people. Secondly, depending on this analysis, it attempts to provide recommendations on how drug dependence…...

There are so many interesting topics to discuss surrounding the opioid epidemic,  There are debatable discussions about its root causes and questions of whether public response has been different given the impacted demographics.  Therefore, looking at any of the questions can provide opportunities for debate.  Before debating the topic, it is important to understand some of the facts about the epidemic.  In 2019, over 70,000 people died from drug overdose, 1.6 million people had an opioid disorder, 745,000 used heroin, 1.6 million misused prescription pain relievers for the first time, and 0.1....

Gothic Wardrobe: An Exploration of Darkness, Romance, and Identity

I. Introduction
A. Definition and origins of the gothic subculture
B. Key characteristics of gothic fashion, emphasizing its dark aesthetic
C. Thesis statement: Gothic wardrobe is not merely an expression of darkness but a complex exploration of identity, romance, and the human psyche.

II. The Darkness: Exploring the Shadow Side
A. Black as the primary color and its associations with mystery, death, and rebellion
B. The use of lace, velvet, and other opulent fabrics to create a sense of decadence and intrigue
C. Gothic accessories such as corsets, chokers, and jewelry that emphasize a sense of constriction and vulnerability

III.....

Drug Trafficking in Italy: A Complex and Evolving Problem

Introduction

Italy, located at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Sea, has long been a strategic transit route for drug trafficking from producing countries to consumer markets in Northern Europe and beyond. In recent years, the country has faced significant challenges in combating drug trafficking, with organized crime groups playing a major role in the illicit trade. This essay will explore the current state of drug trafficking in Italy, examining its impact on society, the efforts of law enforcement to combat it, and the need for comprehensive strategies to address this complex problem.

The Role....

Literary Analysis

Hamlet's Tragic Flaw: An Exploration of Indecisiveness and Self-Doubt
The Role of Ambition in Macbeth: A Study in Power and Corruption
The Tragic Heroine in King Lear: A Comparison of Cordelia and Goneril
Romeo and Juliet as a Tragedy of Fate or Free Will
The Meaning of Love in Twelfth Night: A Romantic Comedy with a Twist

Character Analysis

The Complexity of Hamlet: Madness, Melancholy, and the Search for Truth
Macbeth: A Tragic Hero or a Villain?
Ophelia in Hamlet: A Study of Fragility and Female Agency
The Character of Falstaff in Henry IV and Henry V: Humor, Loyalty,....