Benjamins, M., Whitman, S. (2014). Relationships between discrimination in health
care and health care outcomes among four race/ethnic groups. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 37: 402-413.

he researchers are based out of Sinai Urban Health Institute in Chicago, IL. heir study focuses on the ways in which discrimination impacts health care by providing a comparison of the discrimination levels (both ethnic and racial0 in health care in four different ethnic groups. he study then analyzes the relationship between the acts of discrimination and the consequences in health care services. An assessment is made of ways in which mediators and moderators might be utilized in order to mitigate the risk of discrimination and its impact on care. he method used by the researchers to conduct this study included the adoption of multivariate logistic regression models. he sample studied consisted of 1700 individuals of white, black, Mexican, and Puerto Rican descent. Of this sample, nearly…...

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This study examines the extent to which racial disparities in renal transplants in the U.S. It approaches the subject from the standpoint of the impact of socioeconomic conditions on racial groups in order to fill a gap in literature where this particular factor is undiscussed. The researchers thus examine the relationship between race and socioeconomic status in a population sample of patients under 21 years of age from 2000 to 2008. Nearly 8500 patients were included in this study and of that sample, 30% were black, 27% were white-Hispanic, 44% were female and 28% were from impoverished economic conditions and environments. Of this sample, over 60% were put on waiting lists for transplant surgery and just over 30% received a transplant. The study found that white individuals were most likely to receive a transplant. The study is, however, inconclusive in explaining the disparities among the different racial groups and affirms that socioeconomic status alone is not enough to understand or explain this phenomenon. Thus, while this study is helpful for contextualizing the issue, further research is required to explain the racial disparities involved in renal transplants among under 21 populaces.

Grubbs, V. (2007). Good for harvest, bad for planting. Narrative Matters: 232-237.

This narrative study focuses on a single case of why a transplant would be slow to occur when the kidney is evidently ready to be transferred. The physician at the center of this narrative case study finds that race plays pivotal factor in the slowness of the transfer. What the physician found was that a patient was being made to wait because the "median wait time for cadaveric (deceased donor) kidneys is nearly twice as long for blacks as for whites" (p. 236). Thus, there was no special policy in place predicating this outcome, it was simple mathematics (of a racialized sort). The physician thus decided to donate his own kidney to help the patient since he was not receiving the available kidney that matched his blood type. As the doctor was a match for the patient, he stepped up and provided his kidney. While this narrative analysis is more qualitative in nature, it is helpful in understanding the conditions in which doctors and patients must react, as racism pervades the system of health care at every level and has essentially been institutionalized.

Healthcare Administration -- New York State Care Act
The New York State Care (Caregiver Advise, ecord and Enable) Act was implemented into law in April this year. The development and enactment of this law is geared toward having a positive effect on caregivers who assist patients and family members recover in the aftermath of hospital admission. The legislation ensures patients in healthcare facilities can assign a family caregiver and the facility provides the designated caregiver instruction and illustrations of medical tasks they are likely to offer their loved ones at home. However, the implementation of this initiative across hospitals such as Winthrop Hospital has been characterized by several challenges that could hinder its effectiveness if not addressed.

New York State Care Act and its Importance/Benefit

There are approximately 2.8 million New Yorkers who offer unpaid care to their loved ones at any given time as well as nearly 1.6 million adult New Yorkers…...

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References

Dianoski, T. (2014, November 18). How the New Caregiver Advise, Record, Enable (CARE) Act Affects Hospitals and Health Plans. Retrieved August 11, 2016, from  https://gomohealth.com/2014/care-act-hospitals-health-plans/ 

Kansas Department for Aging and Disability Services. (2015). The Kansas Caregiver Advise, Record, Enable (CARE) Act (HB 2058 and SB 265). Retrieved from Kansas Government website:  https://www.kdads.ks.gov/docs/default-source/CSP/HCBS/HCBS-2015-Spring-Summit/Presentations/the-kansas-caregiver-advise-record-enable -(care)-act-presentation.pdf?sfvrsn=0

Kriss, E. (2015, June 1). AARP: Millions of NY Family Caregivers in Line for Help as Lawmakers Pass CARE Act. Retrieved August 11, 2016, from  http://states.aarp.org/aarp-millions-of-ny-family-caregivers-in-line-for-help-as-lawmakers-pass-care-act/ 

Mitchell, G. (2013, April). Selecting the Best Theory to Implement Planned Change. Nursing Management, 20(1), 32-37.

Kenyan Healthcare Assessment
Across the globe, manmade and natural calamities are on the rise, occurring almost every single day and having destructive effects on individual people, households and entire communities. People's lifestyles and quality of life are undermined by both minor and major catastrophes. The African continent has long struggled with internal conflicts that have had destructive impacts, threatening its inhabitants' survival. Extensive casualties have resulted from these occurrences. It is an undisputed fact that war and conflict interferes with communities' social, religious, economic and educational dimensions. This section attempts to understand disaster-related emergency preparedness and healthcare scenario in the epublic of Kenya.

Just like a majority of other African nations, Kenya has encountered manmade and natural catastrophes that have led to huge losses of life. One good example would be the 2007-08 post-election clashes. The nation witnessed largely politically-initiated inter-community fights that had immense, large-scale consequences. Hence, its healthcare department…...

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References

Aragon Penoyer, D. (2010).Nurse staffing and patient outcomes in critical care: A concise review. Critical Care Medicine, 38(7), 1521-1528. doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181e47888

Wafulapaul. (2014). Study: Staffing of medics is skewed. Read more at:   Standard Digital [nairobi].https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/health/article/2000138842/study-staffing-of-medics-is-skewed .

individual person?
Much of this would be dependent on individual patients, in relation to their mental capabilities and understanding of the aspects concerned with their healthcare. I even support giving minor children a say in their healthcare, at least as far as they can comprehend those aspects and judge sensibly. With increased expert input, they experience greater control and exhibit greater likelihood of wholeheartedly participating and conforming to mandates that help improve their health status. Individuals feel significantly different about their care if healthcare providers allow them to voice their thoughts, feelings, and ideas, instead of being treated like little children or someone with impaired mental faculties, unable to decide aspects of their own healthcare. This forms another reason for my strong support of Do Not esuscitate (DN) orders and living wills. In fact, I even have my own living will specifying precisely what I desire in the event I…...

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References

Costantino, C., Falcitelli, F., Femia, A., & A. Tuolini. (2003, May). Human-Environmental Interactions. Retrieved from  http://www.uni-kiel.de/ecology/users/fmueller/salzau2006/studentpages/Human_Environmental_Interactions/index.html 

Kathryn, R. (2009). What is your central belief about patients as individuals. Retrieved from https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090318163605AAEWbMl

Stevenson University. (2016). Philosophy of Nursing. Retrieved from Stevenson University:  http://www.stevenson.edu/academics/undergraduate-programs/nursing/philosophy/ 

Tilburt, J. C. (2010). The Role of Worldviews in Health Disparities Education. J Gen Intern Med, 25(2), 178 -- 181.

Information on a Person with Chronic Illness: Mr. Barnard WestToday, approximately 300,000 adults in the United States, representing less than 1% of the American adult population, suffer from ankylosing spondylitis, also known as inflammatory back disease (Ankylosing Spondylitis, 2022). One adult American who has lived with this chronic illness for more than 30 years is Mr. Barnard Barney West of Tulsa, Oklahoma, a 70-year-old married Vietnam veteran who is rated 100% service-connected disabled for this condition and multiple others. The purpose of this paper is to provide information on this individual, including a list of his support needs in descending order and a discussion concerning how to implement relevant objectives of the Healthy People 2030 initiative to increase health in similarly situated individuals. In addition, the paper provides a discussion concerning the nursing role from the perspective of an advocate for Barneys acceptance of his ankylosing spondylitis diagnosis as well…...

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ReferencesAnkylosing Spondylitis. (2022). University of Washington Orthopedics and Sports Medicine. Retrieved from   chronic pain and misuse of prescription pain relievers. (2022). Healthy People 2030. Retrieved from  https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/chronic-pain .Tymms, K., Butcher, B. E., Sletten, T. L., Smith, T., O’Sullivan, C., Littlejohn, G., Sadler, R., Tronnberg, R., & Griffiths, H. (2022). Prevalence of sleep disturbance and the association between poor disease control in people with ankylosing spondylitis within the Australian clinical setting (ASLEEP study): a real-world observational study using the OPAL dataset. Clinical Rheumatology, 41(4), 1105–1114.https://orthop.washington.edu/patient-care/articles/arthritis/ankylosing-spondylitis.html#:~:text=About%20300%2C000%20Americans%20(less%20than,whites%20than%20in%20African%20Americans .Reduce

Health Care
In the wake on new and very contentious health care reform, many firms have undergone extensive transformations. These transformations have been predicated on both cost control and quality management. In particular quality management has had a profound impact on the underlying business operations of many health care firms. For one, firms are now finding methods in which to enhance the overall patient experience while also mitigating potential loses due to negligent means. The focus on quality management has also made firms more efficient in regards to the overall delivery of service. In particular, my firm has done extensive work with reducing elderly accidents within the facility. This quality management initiative has not only reduced costs associated with accidents, but it also has enhanced the trust and patient experience of all stakeholders within the firm (Kelly, 2011).

Identify the milestone you chose in the history of quality improvement in the first…...

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References:

1) Draper, Elaine, Joseph LaDou, and Dan J. Tennenhouse. 2011. "Occupational Health Nursing and the Quest for Professional Authority," New Solutions 21, 47 -- 81

2) Kohn, L.T., Corrigan, J.M., & Donaldson, M.S. (Eds). (2000). To err is human: Building a safer health system. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

3) Kelly, D.L. (2011). Applying quality management in healthcare: A systems approach (3rd ed.). Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press

4) Lucia, Patricia R.; Otto, Tammy E.; Palmier, Patrick A. (2009). "Chapter 1

Healthcare Financial Management
To quote Jonathan Clark at the beginning of his article, "Improving the revenue cycle can be a daunting task due to the scope and complexity of the interdepartmental process." Of the suggestions offered by the authors, which concept(s) give you the greatest insight into creating an improved evenue Cycle process in the organization where you work (or one in which you are familiar)? Be sure to identify which article or author you are referencing.

In his comprehensive advisory article to improve the medical industry's revenue capturing capabilities, entitled Strengthening the evenue Cycle: A 4-Step Method for Optimizing Payment, Jonathan Clark provides a series of sensible solutions to the ongoing dilemma of payment optimization. David Hammer also provides guidance to healthcare finance professional in his article The Next Generation of evenue Cycle Management, by reminding them that the key performance indicators (KPIs) which dictated policy in previous years have been…...

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References

Clark, J. (2008). Strengthening the revenue cycle: a 4-step method for optimizing payment. Healthcare Financial Management, 62(10), 44.

Hammer, D.C. (2007). The next generation of revenue cycle management. Healthcare Financial Management, 61(7), 49.

Seddon, J. (2008). Think system. Management Services, 52(2), 10.

Wilson, D.B. et al. (2004). 3 steps to profitable managed care contracts. Healthcare Financial Management, 58(5), 34.

"Studies of the relationship between managed care penetration in the health care market and expenditures for Medicare fee-for-service enrollees have demonstrated the existence of these types of spill over effects" (Bundorf et al., 2004).
Managed care organizations generate these types of spillover effects by increasing competition in the health care market, altering the arrangement of the health care delivery system, and altering physician practice patterns. Studies have found that higher levels of managed care infiltration are linked with lower rates of hospital cost inflation and lower physician fees are consistent with competitive effects. "Other studies demonstrate the impact of managed care on delivery system structure including hospital capacity, hospital admission patterns, the size and composition of the physician workforce and the adoption and use of medical equipment and technologies. More recent evidence has linked market-level managed care activity to the process, but not the outcomes of care" (Bundorf et al.,…...

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References

Altman, D.E. And L. Levin. (2005). The Sad History of Health Care Cost Containment as

Told by One Client. Health Affairs, 24(1).

Bodenheimer, T. (2005). High and rising health care costs. part 1: Seeking an explanation.

Annals of Internal Medicine, 142(10), 847-54.

esearch has shown that good communication amid patients and health care providers is directly connected to a person's happiness, treatment adherence and affirmative health results (Cultural Competency for Health Care Providers, 2007).
The goal of a lot of provider-oriented health it tools is to make relevant patient information flawlessly and unmistakably accessible to providers at the point of care. In so doing, these tools can decrease clinical indecision related to blurred or mistaken patient information that may be found in a handwritten medical record. In the nonexistence of desired information or in the presence of blurred or uncertain data, providers may undervalue patient precise information while at the same time overweighting their own medical viewpoints, suppositions, prejudices, or stereotypes about certain kinds of patients. If apparent and precise patient information is accessible to the clinician, the utilization of this information should augment, getting rid of the need for relying on…...

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References

Cultural Competency for Health Care Providers. (2007). Retrieved March 13, 2011, from Web

site:

http://www.cvahec.org/documents/CulturalComptencyforHeatlhCareProviders2007_11.8.

07.pdf

Conclusion

Prejudice and ethical/leadership issues with healthcare are nothing new but the fight to keep those standards and ethics on an even keel and prevent racism, bigotry and predudice of any sort including based on class, money, political ideology, nationalism, and so forth should be stomped out and eviscerated whenever it can be. People are people and should treated with dignity and respect regardless of their race, gender, beliefs and so forth. Even convicted murderers and rapists should not be treated disdain due to their actions because doing otherwise lowers the ethics and standards of the healthcare community that can and should still apply at all times.

eferences

Callahan, M. (2008). Healthcare providers constricted by financial, legislative, and regulatory issues. The Journal of Medical Practice Management: MPM, 24(3),

143-146.

Cobaugh, D., Angner, E., Kiefe, C., ay, M., Lacivita, C., Weissman, N., & ... Allison, J.

(2008). Effect of racial differences on ability to afford prescription medications.

American…...

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References

Callahan, M. (2008). Healthcare providers constricted by financial, legislative, and regulatory issues. The Journal of Medical Practice Management: MPM, 24(3),

143-146.

Cobaugh, D., Angner, E., Kiefe, C., Ray, M., Lacivita, C., Weissman, N., & ... Allison, J.

(2008). Effect of racial differences on ability to afford prescription medications.

Health Care
A target market is defined as recognizable segments that make up the market, and the target market consists of the groups the organization wants to focus on (Swayne, Duncan & Ginter, 2008). There are a number of ways that a target market can be understood. The main breakdowns in health care are geography, demographics, payer and specialty (Gandolf, 2010).

Geography is perhaps the simplest one. It reflects the service radius that the hospital wants to serve. In Emanuel's case, does it want to serve mainly Turlock, or does it consider its playing field to be broader. Is it competing for customers in the major towns in the area? In some respects, the other competitors in the market are defining for Emanuel what its geographic target market is, since they are winning customers away from Emanuel.

Demographics reflects the ways of describing the people in your target market. The senior care home…...

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References

Dranove, D. & Satterwaite, M. (2000). The industrial organization of health care markets. Handbook of Health Economics. Vol. 1 (B) 1093-1139.

Gandolf, S. (2010).

How to define your target audience -- a critical health care marketing success factor. Health Care Success Strategies. Retrieved November 24, 2014 from  http://www.healthcaresuccess.com/blog/branding/define-target-audience.html 

McQueen, M. (2007). Health insurers target the individual market. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 24, 2014 from  http://online.wsj.com/articles/SB118765356072903507

Health Care Reimbursement and Billing
Both Mrs. Zwick and Mr. Davis face significant issues in the presented scenarios. Mrs. Zwick has multiple considerations under Medicare Parts A, B and D, in addition to her hospital-acquired urinary tract infection. Meanwhile, Mr. Davis must address the severe time constraints and costs of COBRA in light of his job termination. These two scenarios underscore current difficulties and complexities of current health care in the United States.

Discussion of Mrs. Zwick's coverage under Medicare Parts A, B and C

Medicare Part A (often called "hospital insurance") (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011, p. 15) assists in covering inpatient hospitalization and skilled nursing facilities, hospice and home health care (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011, p. 14). There is usually no monthly premium if you and/or your spouse paid Medicare taxes while employed (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011, p. 28). However,…...

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Ethical implications of Mrs. Zwick's incurring costs related to her hospital-acquired condition are applicable despite the rehabilitation facility's exemption from POA/HAC Medicare laws. Having no first-hand knowledge of the cause of the urinary tract infection, no clear indication that I work at the rehabilitation facility and neither the privilege nor the duty of diagnosis, it would be unethical for me to tell Mrs. Zwick about my suspicions. Rather, a nurse is required to maintain his/her professional boundaries (American Nurses Association, 2001, p. 6). Simultaneously, a nurse is supposed to assure "responsible disclosure of errors" to patients and act to stop bad practices and promote best practices (American Nurses Association, 2001, p. 6). Consequently, a nurse in my position faces a dilemma: lack of personal knowledge and authority vs. my concern for the patient's well-being and constant improvement of the profession. In the face of this dilemma, I would: contact the rehabilitation facility's newly-hired nurse and advise/remind him/her of the duty to report to the appropriate supervisor and responsible disclosure to Mrs. Zwick; contact Mrs. Zwick's personal physician and explain the entire situation; direct Mrs. Zwick to discuss her health issues with her personal physician, who can review, diagnose and discuss the ramifications of her medical records, including but not limited to the urinary tract infection (American Nurses Association, 2001, p. 7). The desired outcomes would be: the rehabilitation center's absorption of Mrs. Zwick's costs related to her hospital-acquired infection through pressure exerted by its own nursing staff and Mrs. Zwick's personal physician; Mrs. Zwick's awareness of the true cause of her infection by health care providers who are directly responsible and capable.

Explain how the COBRA will allow Mr. Davis to continue his insurance coverage while he is out of work.

Due to Mr. Davis' termination from an employer of more than 20 employees, he can obtain coverage for himself, his spouse and his dependent children for up to 18 months (U.S. Department of Labor, 2012). In addition, due to his chronic cycle cell anemia, he may be entitled to an additional 11 months' extension for disability (U.S. Department of Labor, 2012). His employer is required to give a qualifying event notice to COBRA; then, COBRA sends a notice of the right to elect to continue coverage and an explanation of the steps that must be taken to continue coverage; Mr. Davis, his spouse and either or both of them in behalf of dependent children may elect for continuation of coverage

(Menzel, 1990, p. 3) Fisher, Berwick, & Davis alude to the idea of integration in health care, with providers linking as well as creating networks of electronic medical records and other cost improvement tactics.
The United States and other nations over the last twenty or so years, have begun a sweeping change in health care delivery, regarding the manner in which health information is input, stored and accessed. Computer use in the medical industry has greatly increased over the last thirty years the culmination of this is fully networked electronic medical record keeping. (Berner, Detmer, & Simborg, 2005, p. 3) the electronic medical record trend began in the largest institutions first, as hospitals and large care organizations attempted to reduce waste and improve patient care, while the adoption has been much slower among physician's practices and smaller medical institutions. (Hillestad, et al., 2005, pp. 1103-1104) Prior to this time medical…...

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Resources, and Utilization

Healthcare in the United States: Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going
The current healthcare crisis in America is not one that happened over night. It is one that has been building for more than a quarter century. There was a time in America when healthcare was a stellar institution: research, cures, technological advances, and treatments. The focus of healthcare was maintaining and improving the quality of life. Then, during the early 1980s, managed care became an entity between the physician, the patient, and the healthcare provider of hospital services. It began subtly, but has, today, become one of the most aggressive and successful business ventures of our time; and it has been the unmaking of a once stellar and progressive American institution.

Managed care is a "distinctly American" product (Birenbaum, 1997). It was legislation introduced by the Nixon Administration with the intent to regulate healthcare and to maintain control over…...

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Reference List

Bernstein, A.B., Hing, E., Moss, A.J., Allen, K., Siller, A., and Tiggle, R. (2003). Health Care in America: Trends in Utilization. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.

Birenbaum, A. (2002). Wounded Profession: American Medicine Enters the Age of Managed Care. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Birenbaum, A. (1997). Managed Care: Made in America. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Committee on Health Care Access and Economics Task Force on Mental Health (2009). Improving Mental Health Services in Primary Care: Reducing Administrative and Financial Barriers to Access and Collaboration. The Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, March, 30, 2009, pp. 1248-1251.

Health Care Access Ethical Dilemma
Access to health care services is not equitable in the United States. The 15% of Americans without health insurance coverage find it extremely difficult to access health care services (Trotochaud, 2006). This is an injustice that should be addressed. Patients going to rural health care facilities face myriad challenges that are occasioned by stigmatization. Stigmatization of illnesses that patients grapple with occasions ethical conflicts. In the process, patients' right to privacy and confidentiality are often violated. There are practical guidelines that can be used to minimize ethical conflicts. It is imperative that confidentiality and trust be made paramount under circumstances where healthcare professionals deal with patients with stigmatizing illnesses.

A typical example of confidentiality, overlapping relationships and lack of willingness to seek care can be attested to in a situation where a woman working at a local store finds out that her partner is HIV-positive and also…...

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References

Trotochaud, K. (2006). Ethical Issues and Access to Healthcare. Journal of Infusion Nursing,

29(3), 165-170.

Tummala, A. & Roberts, L.W., (2009). Ethics Conflicts in Rural Communities: Stigma and Illness. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.

....

In Zambia, there a number of different ways to access healthcare.  However, we are struggling to answer what the five health care providers are in the country.  There are more than five main hospitals or clinics in Zambia that provide healthcare, only two healthcare ministries, and various types of health workers including doctors, nurses, midwives, clinical officers, technicians, medical teaching staff, medical consulates, and medical licentiates.  If we had to choose the five types of healthcare providers in Zambia, we would probably break them down into those five broad categories: health technicians, nurses, midwives, doctors, and clinical....

Electronic medical records, which refer to medical records that are not only stored in electronic systems (which includes almost all medical records in the modern world, with the exception of some medical records maintained in non-industrialized nations), but that are accessible to multiple healthcare providers across different platforms.  The question is whether these records are able to improve quality of care by allowing healthcare providers to get a full picture of a patient’s medical history, as well as any presenting concerns or issues, as soon as the patient presents for medical treatment.  It would seem like the....

Health informatics, also known as healthcare informatics or biomedical informatics, refers to a discipline that is a hybrid of science and engineering and involves the application of informatics fields to medicine.  There are number of different topics that fall under the healthcare informatics umbrella, though the creation of electronic health records for patients is probably the most widely used application.   

Essay Titles and Essay topics for Health Informatics

Tallying the Tests: How Monitoring COVID-19 Test Results Has Helped Track the Pandemic in the U.S. and Abroad

Vaccine Records and Privacy Concerns: How Do State....