Health Care Infrastructure
The Cooperative Health Care Clinic made by the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan is an illustration of a pioneering program for healthcare beneficiaries sponsored by a managed care plan. Under this program, the clinic employs a multidisciplinary team to extend care to groups of old aged patients who use the service more often than not and are laid up with chronic conditions. The alternative program comprises of medical care, patient education and health promotion. The measurement of result of the pilot study comprised contentment of the patient and satisfaction of the doctor as also quality and cost of care. (Werner, 1997)

In spite of the achievement of several of the managed care program in taking care for healthcare beneficiaries, some researchers have noted that health plans "might at the maximum be hesitant" regarding investing in care for the patient who is ill for a long period of time. Therefore in…...

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References

Garson, Arthur. (1998) "The U.S. Healthcare System 2010: Problems, Principles, and Potential Solutions" American College of Cardiology. Retrieved from   Accessed on 16 December, 2004http://www.bcm.edu/pa/speech.htm 

Werner, Michael J. (1997) "Adapting a Successful Program to Meet New Challenges" American College of Physicians. Public Policy Paper no 2.Retrieved from   Accessed on 16 December, 2004http://www.acponline.org/hpp/pospaper/medref.htm 

Healthcare Infrastructure
JCAHO:

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations -JCAHO is among the leading health-care benchmarks setting and accrediting bodies in the world today. To provide for continuous improvement to the safety and quality of health care provided to the general public through the provision of health care accreditation and the related services, which enable performance improvement in organizations that provide healthcare is the mission of JCAHO. The Joint Commission assesses and accredits almost 20,000 health care organizations and programs in the United States. It is an independent and non-profit organization. JCAHO has developed modern and professionally-based benchmarks. The Joint Commission assesses the compliance healthcare organizations using these standards. JCAHO services are provided to the full range of organizations involved or assisting in healthcare in any form. An organization accredited by the Joint Commission is acknowledged all around the country as meeting the performance standards of JCAHO, which is looked…...

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References

"Health Facility Quality Assurance" Retrieved from hl=hi& ie=UTF-8 Accessed on 18 November, 2004http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:slYBAH_cu48J:www.doh.wa.gov/HWS/doc/HS/HS_FSL.doc+DOH+regulates+hospitals&

"HHS: What We Do" Retrieved from  http://www.hhs.gov/about/whatwedo.html/ 

Accessed on 18 November, 2004

"JCAHO: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations" Retrieved from Accessed on 18 November, 2004http://www.qmsonline.com/jcaho.htm.

Healthcare Infrastructure
Many of the alternative health care delivery systems predate the allopathic mode of treatment, but remained popular only in the pockets of their early existence. The popularity of allopathic mode of treatment stem from the quick pace of relief it is able to give in most cases if not curing the cause giving symptomatic relief. As mans pace of technological growth increase so did his desire for quick health care delivery systems to which allopathic mode of treatment was well suited. The fast increasing rate at which the cost of the allopathic mode of treatment has climbed and continues to climb coupled with the increasingly established fact that in chronic diseases like arthritis and asthma the allopathic mode of treatment seldom goes to the root of the problem and only provides symptomatic relief are just two of the main reasons that have caused an increased re-look at the alternative…...

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References

"Acupuncture FAQ" Retrieved from   Accessed on 12/03/2004http://qi-journal.com/TCM.asp?-token.SearchID=Acupuncture%20FAQ 

Brown, Lonny J. (2001) "What is Holistic Health?' Retrieved from   Accessed on 12/03/2004http://www.holistic.com/holistic/learning.nsf/0/6d6ad242c4e75c9c87256b8f00021919?OpenDocument 

"Herbal Medicine in the United States" Retrieved from   Accessed on 12/03/2004http://www.naturalhealthvillage.com/reports/rpt2oam/herb.htm 

"Homeopathy" (1 November, 2004) Retrieved from   Accessed on 12/03/2004http://skepdic.com/homeo.html 

Healthcare Infrastructure Memorandum
United States Surgeon General

Pediatric Doctors of America

Policy Change Memo

This memo is an attempt to gather your support in our efforts to change the existing policy regarding the funding of preventative screening programs for heart disease in adolescents. Your office currently concurs and supports the pay structure where preventative screening programs for heart disease are fully funded by the patient or personal insurance as well as your being totally against the programs being funded by Medicare or Medicaid. This would be fine if every child in America had personal insurance. However, as you are well aware, there are just too many Americans without basic health insurance. The American public has been seeing an escalated number of cases of adolescent Heart Disease and we therefore request you reconsider your position.

There is currently enough evidence to predict adults who may potentially get hypercholesterolemia and other heart conditions based on high cholesterol…...

Healthcare Infrastracture
Role of the Federal Government in National Healthcare Programs

The Federal Government should be among the foremost organizations that should play significant role in the National Healthcare Programs. This is because they are the leaders that the people had voted to take the responsibility of taking care of people -- and this includes the general role of establishment and support to health organizations.

There are many issues where the Federal Government should focus their role of establishing and supporting national healthcare programs. From News-Medical online, an article suggests that the Federal Government must expand its role in financing healthcare organizations such as the HIV / AIDS treatment of Americans that are affected with the disease. They must ensure that all the necessary healthcare needs and services are provided to patients especially to the low-income Americans.

To be able to perform their function of supporting the National Healthcare Programs, Schoenbaum and his colleagues…...

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Bibliography

The Federal Government Should Expand Its Role in the Financing of HIV / AIDS Treatment for Low-Income Americans. (2004). Retrieved on Dec 09, 2004, from News-Medical Online. Web site:  http://www.news-medical.net/?id=1590 

Schoenbaum, S., Audet, A.J., Davis, K. Obtaining Greater Value from Health Care: The Role of the U.S. Government. Health Affairs, Vol. 22. No. 6.

The Government's Role.

Retrieved on Dec. 09, 2004, from HHCorp Online.

Managed Care Health eimbursement Systems in the United States
With health care costs skyrocketing consumers and health insurance companies alike are seeking solutions to the growing crisis in health care within the United States. This crisis revolves primarily around the lack of coverage that exists for millions of Americans. Employers are more and more dropping out of traditional health insurance programs and seeking new ways to provide employees with health care services. In response to the climbing costs of health care many reimbursement and health care cost containment programs are being developed.

There are many health care reimbursement programs available to patients that provide some form of medical care cost containment and coverage. Among the most popular of these or at least the fastest growing are managed care reimbursement programs. Managed care reimbursement programs are becoming more the norm rather than the exception to the rule.

Managed care programs have changed the…...

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References:

Barron, B.A. "The price of managed care." Commentary, 103(5):49

Camperell, K.J. & Mitchell, R.A. (1995). "Managed health care accounting." Journal of Accountancy, 179(4):68.

Cauchi, R. "Making the best of managed care." State Legislatures, 27(6):22

Dranove, D. (2000). "The economic evaluation of American health care: From Marcus

1970s, streamlining American healthcare is a subject that appears significantly in the news. If this revitalized political concern mirrors a rising consent that the present structure has touched its ceiling of difficulty and expenditure, simultaneously that it eliminates so many citizens in order to create the circumstances politically hazardous, something essentially might change. This might be the conclusion of the political, as well as, ideological efforts to identify our general health care principles and objectives that has been uncontrolled for more than two decades. Otherwise, if all the hoopla is merely the "sound and anger" that usually escorts a political disappointment such as our previous presidential election, it might indicate nothing (Patricia, 1993).
Simply one thing is clear. Even though some corporate managers now support a single financier, socialized structure such as the Canadians maintain, they are nonetheless in the underground. Robert Evans, a Canadian health commentator, has plainly associated…...

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Bibliography

Bloche MG. (2004). Healthcare disparities -- science, politics and race. N Engl J. Med; 350(15):1486-8.

Byrd, W.M., and L.A. Clayton. (2000). An American Health Dilemma: A Medical History of African-Americans and the Problem of Race, Beginning to 1900. New York: Routledge Publishing Co.

Bradford Curie Snell. (1998). American Ground Transport. Crisis in American Institutions, pp. 327-41.

Center for Study of Health System Change. (2004). Rising health costs, medical debt and chronic conditions. Issue Brief. (88):1-5

managed care be handled through private insurance providers.
MANAGED CAE

Should managed care be handled through private insurance companies?

Should managed care be handled through private insurance companies?

Managed Care is defined as " a health care plan, such as health maintenance organization (HMO), that "manages or controls costs by monitoring how medical professionals treat patients, limiting referrals to expensive specialists and requiring preauthorization for hospital care and other services to hold costs down." ("Triggers, caps, mandates: decoding the health care debate," 1994.) Managed care is now offered by all types of health insurance providers. The term includes health maintenance organizations (HMOs) that combine insurance with direct delivery of care and the preferred provider organizations (PPOs) that offer discounted medical bills if certain providers are used. In some cases, In many states, Medicaid coverage is now provided through private managed care organizations that have contracts with the state. Thus people insured by Medicaid,…...

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References

Bodenheimer, T. The Health Reform Game: The Major Players Start Dealing. (1993) Nation 11, 374-378.

Hinson-Smith, Vicki Keep Covered! Sticking UP for Yourself Regarding Health Insurance. (1999). Inside MS 2,. 22-31

"Triggers, caps, mandates: decoding the health care debate." (1994) ASHA 9, 22

Planned change in the eldercare advocacy organization
In the coming years, many countries will experience a dramatic shift in healthcare infrastructure due to an expanding elderly population size. However, the changes may vary across countries depending on many factors such as the kind of social welfare available in each country, the political environment which determine policies, the level of healthcare available and individual expectations in each country. Due to this wide variance, the innovations within this space will also vary greatly. What this means to the healthcare manager is that managing innovations becomes very hard (Shlutz, Andre & Sjovold, 2015 p 42). This also impacts on performance management which is fast gaining popularity in the public sector as a means to improve on accountability. Unfortunately, it has been cumbered by a series of challenges in its implementation; this is in spite of the frameworks developed over the last couple of years…...

Health Care System
Healthcare Professionals

Health care providers must be properly integrated at every system level and must be allowed to lead the processes of designing, implementing and operating ideal health systems. esearch works identify a number of challenges with regard to healthcare personnel integration. Apparent loss of control, status, returns or practice style modifications may lead to healthcare providers becoming discontented. This discontentment can give way to bitterness and, ultimately, practitioners may end up resisting change (Suter et al., 2009).

Capitalizing on current networks, an intense emphasis on patients and informal inter-provider bonds are anticipated to ease healthcare practitioners' functioning within ideal healthcare systems. Economic integration of healthcare providers, utilization of compensation structures for recruiting and retaining the best candidates, measures for improving workplace climate quality and financial incentives are identified as crucial to system success.

Facilities and Supplies

Amodel healthcare system would include a standard formulated list of standardized healthcare supplies and…...

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References

Nelson, A. (2002). Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Journal of the National Medical Association, 94(8), 666.

Suter, E., Oelke, N. D., Adair, C. E., &Armitage, G. D. (2009).Ten Key Principles for Successful Health Systems Integration. Healthcare Quarterly (Toronto, Ont.), 13(Spec No), 16 -- 23.

Essay Topic Examples 1. The Impact of atent Laws on Healthcare rices:
     Explore how the protection of pharmaceutical patents contributes to high healthcare costs. Consider the balance between encouraging innovation and maintaining affordable prices for medication. Include a discussion on the ethical implications of pharmaceutical companies' pricing strategies.

2. The Role of Insurance Companies in Setting Healthcare rices:
     Analyze the influence of insurance providers in the healthcare market, focusing on how negotiated rates with hospitals and clinicians can dictate the out-of-pocket expenses for patients. Discuss the implications of these business practices on the overall accessibility of healthcare.

3. Comparing Healthcare Costs: The United States vs. Other Developed Nations:
     Investigate the reasons behind why healthcare prices in the United States far exceed those in other developed countries. Examine factors such as administrative costs, medical education expenses, and profit margins that drive the…...

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Primary Sources

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. \"National Health Expenditure Data.\" CMS.gov. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2021.

Anderson, Gerard F., et al. \"It’s Still The Prices, Stupid: Why The US Spends So Much On Health Care, And A Tribute To Uwe Reinhardt.\" Health Affairs, vol. 38, no. 1, 2019, pp. 87-95.

World Health Organization. \"Global Spending on Health: A World in Transition.\" WHO.int. World Health Organization, 2019.

Newhouse, Joseph P., and the Insurance Experiment Group. \"Free for All? Lessons from the RAND Health Insurance Experiment.\" Harvard University Press, 1993.

American Hospital Association. \"TrendWatch Chartbook 2020: Trends Affecting Hospitals and Health Systems.\" AHA.org. American Hospital Association, 2020.

Healthcare in the United States and India
The healthcare systems in the United States and India have starkly different origins: the former arose out of employer based insurance coverage while the latter began through government funding. As Sai Ma and Neeraj Sood document in a report on India's healthcare challenges, the Indian government faced the challenge of redesigning their healthcare infrastructure after their independence in 1947 (2008). The Bhore Committee, assembled by the central government, established that unsanitary conditions, poor nutrition, inadequate health education and a lack of prevention must be addressed in order to improve the quality of life for India's population. To meet these needs, the central government established a three-tiered system consisting of primary health centers (PHCs) to meet basic health needs, subcenters (SCs) for public health concerns, and community health centers (CHCs) for more specialized care. Doctors employed at these facilities received training at publically funded universities…...

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References

Arora, N., Banerjee, A.K., (2010) Emerging Trends, Challenges and Prospects in Healthcare in India. Electronic Journal of Biology, 6(2), 24-25

Berman, P., Ahuja, R., Bhandari, L. (2010) The Impoverishing Effect of Healthcare Payments in India: New Methodology and Findings. Economic & Political Weekly, 45(16), 65-71.

Ma, S., & Neeraj, S. (2008) A Comparison of the Health Systems of China and India. RAND Center for Asia Pacific Policy. Retrieved from  http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/occasional_papers/2008/RAND_OP212.pdf 

Manchikanti, L., Caraway, D.L., Parr, A.T., Fellows, B., Hirsch, J.A. (2011) Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010: reforming the health care reform for the new decade. Pain Physician, 14(1), 35-67.

Healthcare Changes
Changes to Healthcare Practice and Delivery: A Study of Two Detroit, MI Healthcare Facilities Separated by Twenty Years

Changes to technology and to the political and regulatory landscape have led to many changes in the ways that businesses in all manner of industries operate. Increased communications capabilities, the shrinking size and cost for advanced technologies, and a variety of other changes have provided many businesses with an opportunity to operate more efficiently, and in so doing have also made many industries and markets more competitive. An examination of some typical businesses operating in these industries today as compared to their counterparts that were in operation twenty years ago provides ample evidence of the changes that have occurred and the ways in which businesses have adapted.

The healthcare industry has by no means been immune from these changes, but in fact has changed more than many other industries due to both technological…...

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References

Anderson, J. & Aydin, C. (2005). Evaluating the organizational impact of health care information systems. New York: Springer.

Armoni, A. (2000). Healthcare information systems: challenges of the new millennium. Hershey, PA: Idea Group.

Wager, K., Lee, F. & Glaser, J. (2009). Health care information systems: a practical approach for health care management. New York: Wiley.

Health Care -- Strategic Planning and Marketing
Strategic planning and marketing often wed customer-oriented issues with broader issues of public health, morality and survival in a highly competitive market. Consequently, a key issue set forth by the American Hospital Association and an issue of strategic planning/marketing are often two sides of the same coin. This work addresses the customer-oriented issues of Diversity and Emergency Planning that are mirrored in two key issues advanced by the AHA. These two issues are articulated in the first part of this work and answered in the second part of this work.

Customer-Oriented Strategic Plan

Diversity

American society is increasingly ethnically diverse due to immigration, relocation, birth rates and other factors. Consequently, a 250-bed community hospital must hone its sensitivity to resulting changes in community health needs. n addition, there is a high level of competition among hospitals that requires sensitive, targeted marketing to attract diverse groups. A very…...

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Issues or Opportunities

Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities

As the American Hospital Association states, "Addressing disparities is no longer just about morality, ethics and social justice: It is essential for performance excellence and improved community health" (American Hospital Association, 2012). A multi-faceted approach to discerning, accommodating and marketing for diversity would certainly include the thoughtful collection and examination of diversity data to define target ethnic markets and specific steps tailored to those markets, as described in Noonan's and Savolaine's article. Studying obstetrical discharge data for ethnicity and outright asking physicians for specific information about the ethnicity of their patients is a sensible approach to determining the community's ethnic composition. In addition, the hospital zip code's CNI data for "five factors long known to contribute to health need - income, culture/language, education, housing status, and insurance coverage" (Anonymous, 2011) should be defined and collected. After that data is collected, it should be studied to define the community's major ethnic target groups. After determining the target groups, the hospital's services should be marketed directly

The research thus concludes the essence of having quality and effective legislation addressing the aspects of overall oral health of the people.
Additionally, the Canadian Dental Association also relates several issues of the overall body health to the oral health of the individual. In view of the article on the relation "oral health -- good life," the article gives information on the essence of good oral health, indicating some of the illnesses of ill oral health (Chattopadhyay, 2011). In this article, the relation between the ill oral health and the overall health of the body is that the mouth is the ingress to the body. Therefore, an individual with ill oral health is at the highest risk of having infection that affects the whole body system severely. According to this article, it emphasizes the need for dentists-patient relation as the dentists is the only person with the skill, expertise and…...

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References

Chattopadhyay, a. (2011). Oral health epidemiology: Principles and practice. Sudbury, Mass:

Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Ramseier, C.A., & Suvan, J.E. (2010). Health behavior change in the dental practice. Ames,

Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell.

1. Increase funding for Indigenous healthcare programs: The Canadian government should allocate more funding to improve healthcare infrastructure and services in Indigenous communities. This could include building new health clinics, hiring more healthcare providers, and expanding access to services like mental health and addiction treatment.

2. Enhance culturally safe care: Healthcare providers working in Indigenous communities should receive cultural competency training to better understand and respect the unique needs and preferences of First Nations patients. This will help create a more welcoming and inclusive healthcare environment.

3. Improve access to primary care: Many Indigenous communities lack access to basic healthcare services, which....

1. The Emergence of Chandipura Virus: A Threat to Human Health
2. Understanding the Impact of Chandipura Virus on Encephalitis in Humans
3. Chandipura Virus: A Growing Concern in Public Health
4. The Role of Chandipura Virus in Causing Serious Encephalitis in Humans
5. Chandipura Virus: An Emerging Vesiculovirus with Deadly Effects
6. Investigating the Epidemiology of Chandipura Virus-Related Encephalitis
7. Chandipura Virus: A Potential Pandemic Threat in Human Encephalitis
8. The Pathogenesis of Chandipura Virus-Induced Encephalitis in Humans
9. Chandipura Virus: An Emerging Vesiculovirus with Lethal Consequences for Humans
10. Strategies for Controlling the Spread of Chandipura Virus-Related Encephalitis in Humans
11. The rapid spread of Chandipura virus: With....

I. Introduction
A. Background information on the COVID-19 pandemic
B. Thesis statement: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on healthcare systems globally.
II. Overwhelmed healthcare systems
A. Increase in patients seeking care
B. Shortage of medical supplies and equipment
C. Burnout among healthcare workers
III. Changes in healthcare delivery
A. Telemedicine and virtual care
B. Postponement of elective procedures
C. Increased focus on public health measures
IV. Financial implications
A. Loss of revenue for healthcare facilities
B. Increased costs for personal protective equipment
C. Impact on the overall economy
V. Innovation and adaptation
A. Rapid development of vaccines and treatments
B. Collaborations between healthcare organizations
C. Adoption of new technologies and practices
VI. Conclusion
A. Recap of main....

1. Implement universal healthcare coverage: One way to ensure equal access to healthcare is through the establishment of a universal healthcare system that provides coverage to all individuals, regardless of their socioeconomic status.

2. Expand Medicaid and Medicare eligibility: Expanding eligibility for government-funded healthcare programs such as Medicaid and Medicare can help ensure that more low-income individuals have access to affordable healthcare services.

3. Increase funding for community health centers: Community health centers provide affordable healthcare services to underserved populations, including low-income individuals. Increasing funding for these centers can help improve access to healthcare for all individuals.

4. Improve healthcare infrastructure in underserved....