Encouraging physicians to strictly limit the budgets of each patient's care will surely drive down costs and may even conspire to encourage physicians to improve patient preventative care. But there is always the fear that patients will be denied necessary as well as unnecessary tests and procedures, and physicians may shy away from suggesting expensive but potentially life-saving treatments.
This new system essentially splits the interests of physicians and patients: the less care physicians give, the more physicians are paid. Furthermore, there is a strong disincentive to treat potentially uncooperative or risky patients. Patients who have mental health issues or who have chronic conditions that are unpredictable and difficult to treat, such as the obese and diabetics, may fall under such categories. However, these patients are often the individuals most in need of intensive, hands-on care and a close relationship with their physicians.
Impact on practitioners
Practitioners will be frustrated by the…...
Because of these types of figures, it should come as no surprise that economists and others that analyze this type of issue are greatly interested in what type of role benefits play within the labor market.
Utilizing a simple theory of the labor market indicates that employers are generally concerned regarding the level of total worker compensation as opposed to the division between the wages that they actually pay and other compensation such as benefits. However, looking at this so simply ignores many of the important differences between benefits and wages. Generally it has been asserted that benefits represent what are called quasi-fixed costs, which means that they do not vary with the number of hours that are worked as wages do but rather they vary instead with the number of workers at the company. Because of this, what type of structure employee compensation packages have often influences the demand…...
mlaEhrenberg, R.G. & Smith, R.S. 1994. Modern Labor Economics. New York: Harper Collins.
Buchmueller, T.C. 1999. Comparing benefit costs for full-time and part-time workers. Monthly Labor Review.
Buchmueller, 1999.
The third attempt in reducing the cost of healthcare service revolves around coordination of health services by the use of family doctors. This would enable patients to avoid the risk of double prescription of drugs. Patients should focus on directives from one doctor in the process of seeking medical attention. This would reduce the cost of obtaining healthcare services by the patients thus lowering down the total cost within the health sector. Invention of home-based doctors could help bring down the cost of healthcare (Wong, 2009).
The other approach revolves around minimization of infections in the process of treating patients. Patients suffer from infections due to ineffective health measures within the hospitals and other health organizations. These infections incur extra cost on patients who seek further treatment to solve the problems. Effective and efficient preventive measures during treatment should enable doctors and nurses to minimize chances of infections. This would help…...
mlaReferences
Arnst, C. (2009, November 12) 10 ways to cut health-care costs right now. BusinessWeek,
Retrieved 10/07/2012 from http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/09_47/b4156034717852.htm
Lavizzo-Mourey, R. (2009). The Road to Reform.Retrieved 10/07/2012 from http://www.rwjf.org/files/research/2008presidentsmessageannualreport.pdf
Wong, V. (2009). How hospitals can slash costs (slide show). BusinessWeek, Retrieved
Managing the soaring health care costs due to litigation and mismanagement should be a key concern to any healthcare organization. Attempting to manage those costs oftentimes will run into barriers such as government regulations that require doctors and administrators to document each and every decision made in regards to patient treatment. Due to the extra paperwork and documentation needed to fulfill these requirements, doctors, nurses and administrators are put at odds with the very system that reimburses them for their time, efforts and expenses. The system also seems to pit the doctor's against the patients instead of working towards the patient's best interest.
A recent study determined that "everyone agrees that patients should be able to find cheap, safe, and efficient care" (Avaraham, 2011, p. 8) yet doctors are still under pressure to produce billings that justify their salaries, or worse yet, they are told to see more patients for less…...
mlaReferences
Alonso-Zaldivar, R.; (2011) Obama starts drive for medical malpractice reforms, Stamford Advocate, accessed on November 6, 2011 at http://www.stamfordadvocate.com/news/article/Obama-starts-drive-for-medicalmalpractice-reforms-101424 '4.php.
Avaraham, R.; (2011) Clinical practice guidelines: The warped incentives in the U.S. healthcare system, American Journal of Law & Medicine, Vol. 37, Issue 1, pp. 7 -- 40
Troven, A.; Mello, B.; Mello, M.M.; (2009) Incremental health care reform, Journal of American Medical Association, Vol. 301, pp. 1814-1816
Executives of major companies, like Coca-Cola Enterprises in Atlanta, believed that -200 was especially helpful in rehabilitation and prevention of re-injury, as employees usually resumed work when their backs stopped hurting, thinking the injury was already treated. They, however, lost some functional abilities and remained vulnerable to the same injury and hurt. An experimental injury-prevention and rehabilitation project conducted at the Coca-Cola ottling Company showed that it reduced the incidence of back injuries among its employees by 32% at the average and workers days lost to these injuries by more than 78%. In comparison, the incidence of back injuries in plants, which did not participate in the project increased at an average of 32% and days lost to more than 300%. Other companies with similarly high incidence of back injuries and low success levels of treatment and rehabilitation took to aggressive prevention programs. One was Du Pont Company, which…...
mlaBibliography
Bell, Nancy N. Oh My Aching Back! Many Companies Have Successful Programs to Reduce the High Cost of Employee Back Injuries. Business and Health: A Thomson Health Care Company, April 1991
Hirschman, Carolyn. Commuter Connections: Helping Employees Reduce Their Commuting Expenses Can Cut Employees' Costs Too. HR Magazine: Society for Human Resources Management, 2004
Hyland Stephanie L. Health Care Benefits Show Cost-Containment Strategies. Monthly Labor Review: United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, Feb 1992
Papalla, Mark. Class-Based Pensions. Journal of Accountancy: American Institute of CPA's, 2005
Why is this particular factor driving up the cost of health care?The primary factor driving high healthcare costs is the increase in the aging population around the world. Here, baby boomers continue to be a large segment of the American population. Likewise, these same age demographics and costs are occurring in other developed nations such as Japan and the European Union. Here, a large and consistent growth in older individuals creates an outsized demand for medical services and associate ancillary services. These individuals are also living much longer due to advances in medical technology which is ultimately resulting in higher demand for healthcare goods and services. The large number of retirees, the advances in medical technology and the longer life pans all contribute to rising healthcare costs. The primary factor here however is simple a large amount of people is now entering the retirement stage of life and therefore demand…...
mlaReferences
1. Gupta, A. (2011). Universal Access to Healthcare: Threats and Opportunities. Economic and Political Weekly, 46(26/27), 27–30. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23018636
2. Rother, J. (2016). Top of the Administration’s Agenda: Stem the Rising Cost of Healthcare. Generations: Journal of the American Society on Aging, 40(4), 30–37. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26556244
Smoking
Instead, much of the money is being spent on other pork-barrel projects. It is time that the government realize that prohibition did not work in the 1920s and 1930s and it will not work any better in the 21st century. Since the smokers pay taxes already, making them pay for other health care costs is simply adding insult to injury by the chief drug pusher of all -- the federal government. It is the contention of this author that smokers should not pay for their own health care costs incurred from related-diseases.
"Smoke 'em if you got 'em, bum 'em if you don't" used to be the saying in the military prior to every smoke break. However, today, even the United States military is down on smoking. In this short essay, the author will illustrate how criminalizing the behavior of smokers will not cure them of the habit. It is the…...
mlaReferences
Adda, J., & Cornaglia, F. (2005). Taxes, cigarette consumption and smoking intensity. Bonn, Germany:
Institute for the Study of Labor.
Auld, C. (2011). Smoking, health care costs, and imprisoning drug users because they cost us money to imprison. Retrieved from http://chrisauld.com/2011/10/27/smoking-health-care-costs-and-imprisoning-drug-users-because-they-cost-us-money-to-imprison/ .
Cnossen, S. European Union, European Commission. (2006). Cesifo working paper no. 1718 tobacco taxation in the european union. Brussels, Belgium: European Union.
Smokers should pay for their own health costs.
Health care costs of smoking are expensive and smoking is reduced more to motivational determinants than to biological factors; the essay, therefore, recommends that smokers pay for their own health costs.
Smokers can abstain from smoking if they wish to. Self-efficacy is essential
"Analysis shows that the intention to stop smoking was dependent not only on the perceived health benefits but also on the subject's confidence that hey would succeed if they tried to stop… When the follow-up data are considered, reported attempts to quitting were strongly related to previously declared intentions " (iser et al., 1984, 321)
In a broadly quoted study that was conducted by iser and colleagues in 1984, researchers discovered that out of 1848 smokers surveyed, 797 had tried to stop smoking, 709 had reduced their consumption, and 164 had become abstinent. Analysis showed that success in quitting smoking was directly related…...
mlaEiser, Pligt, Raw, & Sutton (1985) Trying to stop smoking. Affects of perceived addictions. Journal Behav. Med., 8
Srinivasan, T & Tara, R. (2001) Smoking in schizophrenia -- all is not biological Schizophrenia Research, 56, 67-74
Zohrabian, A & Philipson, TJ (2010) External Costs of Risky Health Behaviors Associated with Leading Actual Causes of Death in the U.S.: A Review of the Evidence and Implications for Future Research
Mandatoy Ovetime Policies
Oganizational Cultue and Readiness Assessment
The esults of the Oganizational Cultue and Readiness fo System-Wide Integation of Evidence-Based Pactice checklist, which summaizes the suvey esults, ae discussed with egad to the eadiness level of the oganization, possible poject baies and facilitatos, and plans fo integating with clinical inquiy.
The oveaching chaacteistic of the state of eadiness of this oganization fo system-wide integation of evidence-based pactice is modeately encouaging, while still indicative of some concen egading baies to implementation success. The stakeholdes in the oganization ae awae of the impotance of evidence-based pactice and they ae fundamentally suppotive. The oganization povides esouces to suppot the integation of evidence-based pactice into the institution, howeve, the availability of skilled staff who can assist with the changes is limited (Battilana & Casciao, 2012). Two elated and high scoing items in the suvey have to do with the availability of quality computes and electonic…...
mlareferences, and Perceptions of Critical Care and Emergency Department NursesCrit Care Nurse April 1, 2011 31:e1-e11
Hospital Staff Nurses' Work Hours, Meal Periods, and Rest Breaks: A Review from an Occupational Health Nurse PerspectiveWorkplace Health Saf November 1, 2010 58:489-497
Identification of Relationships between Work System Parameters and Fatigue in Registered Nurses: A Data Mining ApproachProceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting September 1, 2010 54:364-368
Effects of Extended Work Shifts and Shift Work on Patient Safety, Productivity, and Employee HealthWorkplace Health Saf December 1, 2009 57:497-502
Estimates of injury risks for healthcare personnel working night shifts and long hoursBMJQS October 1, 2009 18:336-340
Healthcare Costs
A number of factors have affected the costs of healthcare in the United States over the past 3 decades, and there has been a corresponding impact on the nursing field as a result. To determine the facts about these issues, this paper reviews the literature to identify those factors that have had an effect on increasing healthcare costs over the past 30 years following by an analysis concerning how nursing has been impacted by efforts to contain costs. Finally, a summary of the research and important findings concerning factors affecting healthcare costs and their impact on the nursing field are presented in the conclusion.
Factors Affecting Healthcare Costs in Past 30 Years
Although the $2.8 trillion healthcare industry in the United States has become more efficient over the past 30 years, there have been some forces at work that have continued to drive increases in the costs of the provision…...
mlaReferences
Fischer, K. M. (2016, January 1). How the educational funding provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will affect the nursing shortage in the United States. Northwestern Journal of Law and Social Policy, 11(1), 54-57.
Medical cost trends: Behind the numbers 2015. (2014). Price-Waterhouse-Cooper: Health Research Institute.
The facts about rising healthcare costs. (2016). Aetna. Retrieved from http://www.aetna.com/health-reform-connection/aetnas-vision/facts-about-costs.html .
Schreuders, L. & Bremner, A. P. (2012, June 1). Nurse perceptions of the impact of nursing care on patient outcomes: An exploratory study. Contemporary Nurse: a Journal for the Australian Nursing Profession, 41(2), 190-193.
Quality of Life
One thing that is extremely vexing and confusion about the United States is the amount of money spent per capita on healthcare and the supposedly related healthcare outcomes that are seen within that same country. Given how high the per capita spending happens to be, it would stand to reason that the healthcare outcomes in the United States would be better than countries that have lesser outcomes. However, that is simply not the case and it is worthwhile to explore why that happens to be the case. While it may be lifestyle choices, inefficiency of care or something else, there is clearly something amiss with the spending that is going on or what it is really having to address.
The eal Causes
Since the healthcare and societal structures of the United States are so complex, it is fairly obvious that there would also not be a singular cause for the…...
mlaReferences
Feirman, S., Glasser, A., Teplitskaya, L., Holtgrave, D., Abrams, D., Niaura, R., & Villanti, A.
(2016). Medical costs and quality-adjusted life years associated with smoking: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 16(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016 -
3319-z
Rudisill, C., Charlton, J., Booth, H., & Gulliford, M. (2016). Are healthcare costs from obesity associated with body mass index, comorbidity or depression? Cohort study using electronic health records. Clinical Obesity, 6(3), 225-231.
"Studies of the relationship between managed care penetration in the health care market and expenditures for Medicare fee-for-service enrollees have demonstrated the existence of these types of spill over effects" (Bundorf et al., 2004).
Managed care organizations generate these types of spillover effects by increasing competition in the health care market, altering the arrangement of the health care delivery system, and altering physician practice patterns. Studies have found that higher levels of managed care infiltration are linked with lower rates of hospital cost inflation and lower physician fees are consistent with competitive effects. "Other studies demonstrate the impact of managed care on delivery system structure including hospital capacity, hospital admission patterns, the size and composition of the physician workforce and the adoption and use of medical equipment and technologies. More recent evidence has linked market-level managed care activity to the process, but not the outcomes of care" (Bundorf et al.,…...
mlaReferences
Altman, D.E. And L. Levin. (2005). The Sad History of Health Care Cost Containment as
Told by One Client. Health Affairs, 24(1).
Bodenheimer, T. (2005). High and rising health care costs. part 1: Seeking an explanation.
Annals of Internal Medicine, 142(10), 847-54.
On the contrary, a comprehensive medical care solution that tackles the main issues driving up health care costs in America is possible. The main problem experienced by the average American is that health insurance premiums are cost prohibitive for the middle-class, but being uninsured can bankrupt a family forced to deal with even a minor catastrophic illness. Therefore, a national health insurance program has to be part of the solution. However, one cannot overlook the role that unpaid medical bills and exorbitant malpractice premiums also play in the modern healthcare crises. As a result, the solution must include a way to reduce malpractice premiums through tort reform, and a way to reduce the percentage of medical bills that go unpaid. The proposed three-prong approach would tackle all of those issues, without forcing any unwilling person to participate in a nationalized healthcare program.
orks Cited
American Tort Reform Association. "Medical Liability Reform."…...
mlaWorks Cited
American Tort Reform Association. "Medical Liability Reform." ATRA Issues. 2007.
American Tort Reform Association. 6 Nov. 2008 http://www.atra.org/show/7338.
Kershaw-Staley, Tracy. "Miami Valley Hospital Files Lawsuit Over Unpaid Medical Bills."
Dayton Business Journal. 2008. Dayton Business Journal. 6 Nov. 2008 http://dayton.bizjournals.com/dayton/stories/2008/01/07/story5.html .
Healthcare spending by the New York State persistently surpasses its earnings. That difference continues to be expanding and is also anticipated to broaden unless of course there happen to be severe, continuous modifications in spending budget actions. Lieutenant Governor ichard avitch, in "A 5-Year Strategy to Deal with the State of New York's Spending budget Deficit" released during March 2010, approximated this structural disproportion within the state's spending budget to become no less than $13 billion. The structural inequality isn't simply the consequence of the economic downturn that started during 2007, and a commonly strengthening economic climate is not going to get rid of it.
To help the State of New York in providing the solutions and dedication to quality that its residents rely on, structural modifications are needed. The aim of this paper is actually to summarize one particular realignment - solving an outright inequity involving the state as well…...
mlaReferences
California Public Employees' Retirement System, "Facts at a Glance: Health," September 2010, http://www.calpers.ca.gov/eip-docs/about/facts/health.pdf .
Citizens Budget Commission, Out of Balance: A Comparison of Public and Private Employee Health Benefits in New York City, December 2009, http://www.cbcny.org/sites/default/files/REPORT_Survey_12162009.pdf .
City of New York Office of Labor Relations, "New York City Summary Program Description, Health Benefit Program," 2010, http://www.nyc.gov/html/olr/downloads/pdf/healthb/full_spd.pdf.
Government Finance Officers Association, "Recommended Practices, Health Care Cost Containment 2004," .http://www.gfoa.org/downloads/corbaHealthCareCostContainment.pdf
Second, poor health in the individual probably detracts from his or her capacity to contribute to society more directly than the harm to productive society represented by the cost of the individual's healthcare.
Furthermore, the vast majority of American healthcare dollars are spent on individuals in their later years, after their productive lives are already over, rather than on working-age people. Finally, while reducing healthcare costs is necessary for the optimal health of the American economy, it probably relates more directly to private economic matters rather than to consuming national resources that could otherwise be dedicated to technological development in a general sense.
Response to Statement #3: As suggested in Response #2, optimum public health is not necessarily a prerequisite for global competitiveness unless by "health" one means healthy enough to reach productive adulthood. On the other hand, the American population is undoubtedly on the verge of an obesity crisis, and…...
As health care’s share of gross domestic product (GDP) grows, people are struggling with how to estimate the value of the health care industry in the economy. While it might seem like a straightforward answer, simply looking at the total amount paid for healthcare in proportion to the total GDP, that valuation would be a gross oversimplification. Generally, GDP is viewed as a proxy for standard of living, but in the United States standard of living might actually drop for many people as the percentage of GDP attributable to healthcare grows. It is important to keep in....
Third party payment, such as health insurance companies or government programs, can distort the healthcare market in several ways:
1. Increased demand: When individuals are not directly paying for their healthcare services, they are more likely to utilize medical services without considering the cost. This leads to increased demand for healthcare services, which can drive up prices and strain the resources of healthcare providers.
2. Lack of price transparency: Third party payment often creates a lack of price transparency in the healthcare market. Since patients are not directly paying for their services, they may not be aware of....
Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) like AdventHealth aim to improve healthcare quality by enhancing care coordination, reducing unnecessary spending, and focusing on preventative care. Metrics often used to evaluate their impact include patient satisfaction scores, hospital readmission rates, and the management of chronic conditions. ACOs are compared through benchmarks in these areas, cost savings, and quality of care improvements.
Determining the impact of AdventHealth ACO on healthcare quality and metrics requires a deep dive into several factors. Here's a breakdown of key aspects to consider:
Metrics used for evaluation:
1. Bronchiectasis: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Introduction: Define bronchiectasis and highlight its prevalence, etiology, and risk factors.
Pathophysiology: Discuss the mechanisms leading to bronchiectasis, including impaired mucociliary clearance and chronic inflammation.
Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis: Describe the typical symptoms, physical exam findings, and diagnostic tests used to identify bronchiectasis.
Management: Review the current treatment options for bronchiectasis, including antibiotics, airway clearance techniques, bronchodilators, and surgical intervention.
Prognosis and Complications: Discuss the long-term outcomes and potential complications associated with bronchiectasis, such as respiratory failure and hemoptysis.
2. Role of Imaging in Bronchiectasis: CT, MRI, and Beyond
Introduction: Highlight....
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