Health Sector:
Through the Department of Health and other health agencies, the government plays an important role in the development of the health sector. This is through the intensification of health systems and the production of human, financial and other necessary resources. Consequently, the government's involvement in strengthening health systems enables them to achieve their basic goals like improving health care, responding to people's needs, lessening health care inequalities, and protecting equity in financing of health care.

In the past several decades, the role of the government in the health sector has changed drastically because of remarkable changes and challenges that have occurred. The changing role has also been necessitated by the inability of health agencies to properly meet the health care needs of the population. Moreover, the affordability of health care services has forced the government to intervene with the aim of improving the efficiency and equity of these services.

The…...

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References:

Kimbuende, et, al. (2010, March). U.S. Health Care Costs. Retrieved July 28, 2011, from  http://www.kaiseredu.org/Issue-Modules/U.S.-Health-Care-Costs/Background-Brief.aspx

Information Technology on the Healthcare sector
Healthcare systems serve to perform the very important function of preserving human capital. In modern society, health care assumes significance not just in terms of the expenditure it generates, but also because it is a large-scale consumer of goods and services, important employer and contributes in research and development. From the perspective of countries, maintaining and improving health care services require significant investments. Consequently governments and the private sector consistently strive to improve the productivity levels of this sector by controlling costs. It is in this context that information and communication technology can play a key role in making both ends meet - ensure adequate health care for people at affordable costs. (Murphy, p. 12)

There is considerable criticism that health sector is markedly lagging in adopting information technology practices, thus preventing the benefits that can reach the patients and practitioners of the profession. This…...

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Bibliography

Athey, S; Stern, S. The impact of Information Technologies on Emergency Health Care Outcomes. RAND Journal of Economics, Volume: 33, No.3; Autumn 2002, pp: 399-432

Bloomfield, B.P. et. al. Information Technology and Organizations: Strategies, Network and Integration. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997, pp: 15-19

Dennis, A.R; George, J.F; Jessup, L.M; Nunamaker, J.F; Vogel, D.R. Information Technology to Support Electronic Meetings. MIS Quarterly, December 1998, pp: 591-624

Earl, M.J. Putting Information Technology in its Place: A Polemic for the Nineties. In Galliers, R.D and Baker, B.H.S (eds). Strategic Information Management. Oxford: Butterworth Heinmann, 1994, pp: 76-90

Doctor vs. manager -- strategic management is difficult to implement while hospitals are still unsure who should lead them, namely doctors or specialized managers (Taylor, 2010)
External opportunities

1. The commodization of technologies -- Due to sustained evolution in the field of Information Technology, the it applications have become more easily accessible to users, at levels of both affordability as well as ease of usage

2. Collaborations -- the hospital is able to develop several partnerships with parties in both it as well as strategic management

External threats

1. The economic crisis -- which generates additional financial weaknesses

2. Social pressures -- as the society undergoes several economic and demographic changes, it comes to generate more demands from the medical sector.

In light of these findings, it would be useful for the public health care institutions to implement the following recommendations:

The creation of a managerial model based on the combined leadership of both doctors as well…...

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References:

Purcarea, O., 2010, Strategic use of it in health sector, areas to be supported by it, rationale and benefits of it, Video Lectures, accessed on July 20, 2012http://videolectures.net/seehealth2010_purcarea_suit/last

Taylor, B., 2010, Effective medical leadership, University of Toronto Press

Tulchinsky, T.H., Varavikova, E., 2009, the new public health, 2nd edition, Academic Press

Policy, Politics and Global Trends in Health Sector
The goal of this policy paper is to provide the strategy to align effort transforming the health healthcare in the United States. The policy brief is also to improve the quality of healthcare delivery in the United States directed to Sylvia Mathews Burwell, the secretary of the U.S. Department of HHS (Health & Human Service), the agency that protects and improves the health of all Americans. Essentially, the HHS is the only agency that can implement a comprehensive health policy in the United States, and comparable to the global standards. The agency also fulfills its mission by providing effective human and health services to foster advancement in public health, medicine, and social services. Specifically, the policy is directed to the Secretary of HHS because he is in charge of the administration of the HHS. Moreover, the policy brief is directed to the policy…...

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Reference

Brownson, R.C. Gurney, J.G. & Land, G.H. (1999). Evidence-Based Decision Making in Public Health. J Public Health Management Practice, 5(5), 86-97.

Chen, H.T. (2010). The bottom-up approach to integrative validity: A new perspective for program evaluation. Evaluation and Program Planning. 33: 205-214

Health Policy Analysis Contract Employment and Quality Improvement
Health Policy Analysis on Contract Employment and Quality Improvement

The authors discussed the reasons why contract employment and outsourcing have become attractive in various organizations.

I agree with this opinion. Outsourcing has been a useful activity within the contemporary business. This is because most companies seek to utilize innovations of science, technologies and techniques to issue competitive and qualified products that satisfy consumers. The situation is usable for parts in the concentration of development resources to achieve core competencies for the prospective activity directions (McLaughlin & McLaughlin, 2014). The approach to human resource development ensures a reduction of expenses and production of products due to the part works without application of additional efforts for the investment of acquiring activity types.

Outsourcing is beneficial in some ways. Some of the significant outsourcing advantages include a specialized focus on core activities, cost savings, improving performance, access to experience,…...

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References

McLaughlin, C. P., & McLaughlin, C. D. (2014). Health Policy Analysis: An Interdisciplinary Approach Paperback. New York: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Seavey, J. W., McGrath, R. J., & Aytur, S. A. (2014). Health Policy Analysis Springer Publishing Company.

Confidentiality, Privacy, and Security in HIPAA and HITECH ACTs
The increasing rate of greatly publicized security breaches has sparked changes in the attitudes of consumers and business owners. Business leaders can no more neglect the dramatic consequences that security breaches have on company reputation. In the meantime, consumers now demand more remedies and communication from business after a security breach incident. Therefore, this subject remains one of the greatest priorities confronting businesses in all sectors, including healthcare.

The two cases present two principal security threats: Mobile Devices (BYOD) and Medical ecords Theft. Data theft is greatly vulnerable in cases where employees use mobile gadgets, particularly personal devices, to access company information, share data or ignore to change mobile passwords. According to a recent survey, mobile security breaches have affected over 70% of international firms in the last 12 months only (Gupta et al. 2012). In fact, as more companies adopt BYOD, they…...

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References

Dawson, M., & Omar, M. (2015). New Threats and Countermeasures in Digital Crime and Cyber Terrorism.  http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3433273 .

Gupta, M., Walp, J., & Sharman, R. (2012). Threats, Countermeasures, and Advances in Applied Information Security. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.

Hea, C. M. P. S. (2010). For the Record: Protecting Electronic Health Information. Washington: National Academies Press.

Hhs.gov. (n.d.). HIPAA Privacy, Security, and Breach Notification Audit Program.  http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/enforcement/audit/index.html

Synchronizing the Patients' Medical Information between Institutions
With the advancement of information technology into the medical field, the healthcare industry is continuously becoming reliant on the salient contributions that the IT brings into the field and it has shown exemplary reception of the IT. One of the latest contributions of the It in the medical field globally is the electronic health records (EH) which has been globally received as a solution to various challenges that the medics have been facing including the scheduling challenges, information storage, making orders for the hospital, retrieval of patient information, allocation of rooms for patients, admitting and discharging patients and having a well scheduled rounds and medication for the patients (Menachemi N. & Collum H.., 2011).

However, the introduction of the electronic health records came with a number of challenges that still need to be solved so that the systems can effectively help the health care facilities.…...

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References

Authenticity Consulting, (2016). All About Project Management. Retrieved April 22, 2016 from  http://managementhelp.org/projectmanagement/index.htm 

Carte J.H., (2016). What is the Electronic Health Record? Retrieved April 22, 2016 from  https://store.acponline.org/ebizatpro/images/ProductImages/books/sample%20chapters/EHR1.pdf 

Cirella N., (2007). Proposal for an Electronic Access Gateway for Medical Records Based Upon a Restructured HIPAA Privacy Rule. Retrieved April 22, 2016 from https://www.eecs.harvard.edu/cs199r/fp/Cirella.pdf

Look to Payers for Innovation in Health Information. Retrieved April 22, 2016 from http://www.healthcontentadvisors.com/blog/2011/5/31/look-to-payers-for-innovation-in-health-information.html

Health Structures in Government Levels
Health at different Government Levels

Health Structures at Government Levels

Health at Government Levels

A national government has a task in ensuring quality health assurance standards across its region are up-to-date. Similarly, increased rates of unexpected epidemics have put governments under the surge of dealing accordingly with factors that can affect the nation directly and indirectly. Different governmental levels of health are identified and objectified in various agency websites. In this context, I have identified with a state level website; Illinois Public Health Institute website. Information presented to the website articles prioritizes in reducing and preventive, curative diseases, complementing health policies and championing for environmental changes.

Website Article eview

The Illinois Public Health institute articulates its review and implication to health quality through partnership programs. The website has supported state-oriented health involvement in ameliorating health levels, in Illinois. The institution has show-cased partnering programs with the Illinois State Board of Health,…...

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References

Baum, F and Kahssay, H.M. Health development structures: an untapped resource. World Health Organization. Vol 1 Issue 1. Pg 96-114.

Ladeia, M.L., Jacob, P., Borges, M.C., Rogero, M. M and Ferreira, S.R.G. (2011). Studies of Gene variants related to Inflammation, Oxidative, Stress, Dyslipidemia and Obesity: Implications for a nutrigenetic approach. Journal of Obesity. Vol 1, Issue 1. Pg 1-31.

5th March 2012. Illinois Public Health Institute. Retrieved from URL / Accessed on 27th March, 2012.http://www.iphionline.org

Realistically this compliance and assistance should be sought and used before, during and after negotiations with other health care organizations with which this organization might merge or enter a joint venture. Furthermore, the proposed contract itself should be passed by the FTC's Office of the General Counsel or its designee for approval before final ratification of the contract.
3. Conclusion

In order to merge and operate in a joint venture acceptable to the FTC, the organization must be mindful of Title 15 of the U.S. Code, specifically Section 7 of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 18, Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1, 2, and Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act. In addition, due to the FTC's recent special interest in the mergers/joint ventures of health care organizations, particularly but not solely in connection with price fixing, the organization should assume that the…...

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Works Cited

Cornell University Law School. (n.d.). Legal Information Institute - 15 U.S.C. Section 1. Retrieved on March 19, 2013 from www.law.cornell.edu Web site:  

Healthcare Economics
When considering the ever-changing and highly competitive economic landscape of the modern world; governments, businesses and institutions must remain diligent in their care and compassion for their citizens and staff members. With the current exponential growth and advancement of technology and the computerization of business and learning, voters, workers and consumers have become much more connected to the organizations they patronize (Kurzweil). Accordingly, these important groups are faced with the continuous task of finding new ways to understand and subsequently accommodate the needs of their followers, while simultaneously securing lucrative business models and job environments. One of the most important needs presented in all demographics is reliable healthcare. Thus, with the inelasticity in the demand for healthcare, countries need to determine an applicable system, whereby citizens can have access to the medical services they will inevitably need. Collective access to healthcare represents the main problem in field of healthcare…...

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Bibliography

Blumenschein, K. And M. Johannesson. "Economic Evaluation in Healthcare. A Brief History and Future Directions." Journal of Pharmacoeconomics 10.2 (1996): 114-122.

Cox, Malcolm, et al. "Health Care Economics, Financing, Organization and Delivery." Family Medicine January 2004: 20-30.

Hamburger, Tom and Kim Geiger. "Healthcare Insurers Get Upper Hand." The Los Angeles Times 24 August 2009.

Jeremiah Hurley. "An Overview of the Normative Economics of the Health Sector." Journal of Health Economics 1.1 (2000): 55-118.

Health care, and that too, a quality health care is one of the most basic needs of any human being. In current times, where the fast paced lives are getting faster each day, work stresses are increasing, streets are being storm with junk foods and fast foods, and pollution and congestion is increasing, human lives are getting more and more prone to physical and mental diseases. As a result, the importance of health care systems and health care facilities increases. While, surgeons and doctors are generally seen as the captain of the ship as far as health sector is concerned, very important personnel of the health sector are the nurses. Once quite ignored, the importance of the nursing profession was highlighted by Florence Nightingale, one of the nursing pioneers. Florence Nightingale broke the conventional perceptions associated with the profession of nursing and took it to a new level, explored various…...

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References

Lee, H. & Winters, C. (2006). Rural nursing: concepts, theories and practice. New York:

Springer Publishing.

Joel, A. & Kelly, L. (2002). The nursing experience: trends, challenges and transitions. New York: Mc Graw Hill.

Lumby, J. & Picone, D. (2000). Clinical Challenges: focus on nursing. St. Leonards, N.S.W: Allen and Unwin.

The research thus concludes the essence of having quality and effective legislation addressing the aspects of overall oral health of the people.
Additionally, the Canadian Dental Association also relates several issues of the overall body health to the oral health of the individual. In view of the article on the relation "oral health -- good life," the article gives information on the essence of good oral health, indicating some of the illnesses of ill oral health (Chattopadhyay, 2011). In this article, the relation between the ill oral health and the overall health of the body is that the mouth is the ingress to the body. Therefore, an individual with ill oral health is at the highest risk of having infection that affects the whole body system severely. According to this article, it emphasizes the need for dentists-patient relation as the dentists is the only person with the skill, expertise and…...

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References

Chattopadhyay, a. (2011). Oral health epidemiology: Principles and practice. Sudbury, Mass:

Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Ramseier, C.A., & Suvan, J.E. (2010). Health behavior change in the dental practice. Ames,

Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell.

Health Care
More area is dealt by Human esource Management than people originally thought of. Some may explain it as the exchanges between boss and worker in the time period between which a worker is employed, until they are eliminated. It is true human resources management starts even before this, with the strategies that are formed by the institution, and the laws that govern workplace institutions. Human esource Management is the procedure of working with people so that they and their organizations attain full potential even when change accelerates the necessity to get new talents, take up new tasks, and develop new relationships, as per an article by L. Dobb abd P. Dick of 1993. (Blessinger, Human esource Management)

Human esource Management is projected as that part of management, which deals with plans, decisions, issues, ethics, process, routines, work, performance and system associated with the management of people as workers in any…...

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References

Blessinger, Kelly. Human Resource Management. Available from   Accessed 2 February 2003]http://www.libsci.sc.edu/bob/class/clis724/SpecialLibrariesHandbook/hr_management.html .

De Silva, Sriyan. Human Resource Management As A Strategy: The Changing Focus of Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management. Available at   2 February 2003]http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/actemp/papers/1998/asiawksh.htm [Accessed

De Silva, Sriyan. Human Resource Management in Achieving Management Objectives: The Changing Focus of Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management. Paper presented at the ILO Workshop on Employers Organizations in Asia-Pacific in the Twenty-First Century Turin, Italy, 5-13 May 1997. Bureau for Employers' Activities International Labor Office Geneva April, 1997 Available at   Accessed 2 February 2003]http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/actemp/papers/1998/srsirhrm.htm#C5-3 .

Guide to Managing Human Resources: Chapter 14: Team Building" Available from   2 February 2003]http://hrweb.berkeley.edu/guide/teams.htm [Accessed

Health and Social Justice Issue in Saharan Country
Mali occupies the fourth position among the poorest nations of the world. Mali is still plagued by a multitude of financial tribulations with an economy in shambles, the country's liability approximately equivalent to its GDP, at the mercy of the international donor groups, insufficient revenues of the state exchequer and pressure from various coterie groups voicing their demands. (Mali Human ights Practices: U.S. Department of State, 1994) However, at the same time it a nation that boasts of a rich and hoary tradition. It is popular as a country marked by its multihued varied populace and harmonic tunes. Currently, it is confronted with a massive menace like AIDS, Noma and a host of tropical diseases. Mali has the world's lowest adult literacy rate of less than 25%. The country's education system is inadequately formed, especially at the primary stage. A United Nations report…...

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References

Condom Vending Machine. (March 01, 2004) "Mali, AIDS and Condoms" Initial Research Report. Retrieved at Accessed on 11 July, 2004http://dtm.media.mit.edu/dtm/dtm04/projects/condom/archives/000145.html.

Dao, S. (Jan 7-8, 2004) "HIV Treatment in Mali, PNLS/GAIA" AIDS Vaccine Conference, Bamako, Mali.

Johnston, Timothy; Faure, Sheila Dohoo; Raney, Laura. (June 1998) "The World Bank and the Health Sector in Mali" Report No. 18112.

Mahe A; Prual A; Konate M; Bobin P. (Sep-Oct, 1995) "Skin Diseases of Children in Mali: A Public Health Problem" Tropical Medical Hygiene. Volume: 89: No: 5; pp: 467-70

Health Care and Health for All:
In what the World Health Organization termed as Health for All, the International Conference on Primary Health Care in 1978 expressed the need for health workers, urgent government action, and the world community to safeguard and support health for all. In order to achieve health for all people across the globe, the Conference made various declarations including health being an essential human right and a significant world-wide social goal. One of the critical aspects towards the achievement of this Health for All initiative is primary healthcare.

Declarations on Primary Health Care:

As an essential health care service, primary health care can be made universally accessible to people and families through the full participation of the community and at a cost that the community can afford ("Declaration of Alma-Ata," n.d.). Primary health care acts as the initial level of contact of people, families, and communities with the…...

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References:

Bassett, M.T. (2006, December). 'Health for All In the 21st Century.' American Journal of Public Health, 96(12), 2089. Retrieved from  http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/565796_2 

"Declaration of Alma-Ata." (n.d.). International Conference on Primary Health Care -- World

Health Organization. Retrieved December 30, 2011, from  http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/declaration_almaata.pdf 

"Global Strategy for Health for All by the Year 2000." (n.d.). World Health Organization.