Health eforms
Health earms

For a long time, the Health Care concern has been a centre of discussion in the society as well as among the representatives in a bid to find out which would be the best way to cushion Americans from the ever increasing burden of having to take care of themselves medically. Efforts have been made but still there is no single solution to the issue hence a combined effort between the citizens and the government is very essential in ensuring that the ultimate goal is achieved and each American has adequate Health care assurance. This is the aim of the Health eforms that was passed into law at the behest of the current president, Obama.

Provisions of the Health eform

There are several benefits that the Health eforms are expected to bring to the American population in general. One of the central changes is the fact that the Health eforms…...

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References

Ben LaBolt, (2010). Senator Obama Introduces Bill to Strengthen Emergency Medical Care

Systems. Retrieved November 13, 2011 from http://www.emsvillage.com/articles/article.cfm?id=2185

Bill Atkinson, (2010). What Obama's health care bill means for EMS. Retrieved November 13,

2011 from  http://www.ems1.com/ems-advocacy/articles/779154-What-Obamas-health-care-bill-means-for-EMS/

Health eform Act
The work of Flanagan, Miller, Pagano, and Wood (2010) entitled "Employee Benefit Plan eview -- Meyerowitz, Health care eform Is Here -- Now What?" states that health care reform laws are expected to have an impact that is significant in nature and this is on the health insurance industry as well as on employee benefit issues as well. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), which was then supplemented and modified, less than one week later, by the Health Care and Education Tax Credit econciliation Act (HCEA)." (Flanagan, Miller, Pagano, and Wood, 2010) Those two laws are referred to as "Health Care eform" or "Health eform Laws." (Flanagan, Miller, Pagano, and Wood, 2010) The Health eform Laws are reported, while being extremely lengthy and in depth and very detailed to "leave open a host of issues that will have to be resolved either through agency regulations or…...

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References

Current Internal Revenue Code (Standard Federal version), SEC. 45R. EMPLOYEE HEALTH INSURANCE EXPENSES OF SMALL EMPLOYERS (2010) WK_ Current Internal Revenue Code SEC 45R EMPLOYEE HEALTH INSURANCE EXPENSES OF SMALL EMPLOYERS.pdf

Part III - Administrative, Procedural, and Miscellaneous Section 45R -- Tax Credit for Employee Health Insurance Expenses of Small Employers Notice 2010-44

National Tax Advisory (2010) What you need to know now about the tax aspects of health reform litigation. 6 Apr 2010.

IRS Rulings & Other Documents (2002-Current), Rev. Rul. 2010-13, Internal Revenue Service, (May 3, 2010) WK_ IRS Rulings Other Documents 2002-Current Rev Rul 2010-13 May 3, 2010.pdf ©2010 Wolters Kluwer.

The result is that a multilayered system which is inherently designed to maintain and improve our public health standards has instead become almost entirely designed by its profitability. The best opportunity we have for reversing this trend is the applying of pressure that only the federal government can bring to bear. Greater regulation of pricing, coverage and standards of care will shift the focus back to quality health outcomes rather than strict improvement of the bottom line at all costs.
- Is there a solution?

How can (or can't) public policy shape health care in the U.S. hat do you predict for the next year?

Public policy absolutely has the capacity to bring improvement to a highly dysfunctional system. The Affordable Care Act and many of its related sub-initiatives such as the Readmissions Reduction Program are indicative of this opportunity. Indeed, the continuing pressure upon hospitals to focus on producing better health…...

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Works Cited:

Krueger, a. (2013). As ACA Implementation Continues, Consumer Health Care Cost Growth Has Slowed. Whitehouse.gov.

4). Cooper and castle feel that the universal aims of the program, coupled with the program's redistributive intent, will prevent congressional fence-sitters from voting against a plan that is so obviously in the best interests of the vast majority of working Americans. Ultimately, the bill's appeal to social justice will bridge the partisan divide, and provide President Barack Obama with a firm foundation on which to build future change.
Of course, change, especially necessary change, is in the eye of the beholder, as are partisanship and bipartisanship. Cooper and Castle call their piece a "bipartisan view," but appear to spell out a largely Democratic approach to healthcare reform, one that seems specifically designed to entrench President Obama's position, and guarantee his reelection. They laud the expected, intended, or proposed actions of a man who has not yet taken office. Many of the authors' supporting arguments have already been rendered moot:…...

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References

Cooper, Jim; & Castle, Michael (16 January 2009). Health Reform: A Bipartisan View. Health Affairs 28, no. 2 w169-w172.

Nursing Practice Expected to Grow and Change
Ageing of population and healthcare providers, coupled with reforms to healthcare, will raise demands for professionals in the field, also expanding existing professionals' required skill sets and roles. Physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, nurses, and medical assistants are included in this growth area. Fortunately, healthcare is characterized by a swiftly expanding and large workforce (with 23000 new entrants every month, nationally); this sector progressed even in recent economic recessions (Survey, 2013). Registered Nursing (RN) is one of the leading U.S. occupations which is projected to grow 26% and add the highest number of jobs by 2020 (an estimated 1.2 million RNs overall), as per U.S. ureau of Labor Statistics (Survey, 2013). This stems from a projected rise in demand, as well as a need for replacing the current ageing RNs. Nursing careers are being pursued in America increasingly; the number of students enrolled in…...

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Bibliography

Buerhaus, P., DesRoches, C., Applebaum, S., Hess, R., Norman, L., & Donelan, K. (2012). Are Nurses Ready for Health Care Reform? A Decade of Survey Research. Nursing Economics, 329.

Dunbar-Jacob, J. (2011). The Changing Role of Nursing in Health Care Reform. Pittsburgh: Pitt Nurse. Institute for Nursing Centers Survey (2008). Retrieved from http://nursingcenters.org/PDFs/INC%20Highlight%20Report%2010_6_08.pdf.

NURSE-MANAGED HEALTH CENTERS. (2011). Retrieved from:  http://www.nncc.us/pdf/NMHC_Quality_Standards.pdf 

Pohl, J.M., Tanner, C., Barkauskas, V.H., Gans, D., Nagelkerk, J., & Fiandt, K. (2010). Nurse-managed health centers' national survey: Three years of data. Nursing Outlook, 58(2), 97-103

Clinton Health eform
The success of the Obama health care reform has been studied extensively, but there remains one topic worth discussing further, which is why Obama succeeded when the Clinton health care reform plan failed. This paper will analyze this issue and come to some conclusions about this important question.

In 1993, President Clinton announced his health care security plan. A large health policy team had put the plan together, and it represented substantial compromise and hard work. At the time of the announcement it seemed a near certainty that this plan would be made into law, but this would not come to pass (Starr, 1995). The plan initially received a two-thirds positive rating in polling of the American public, but it still managed to fail.

The proposal centered around an individual mandate, which at the time had been supported broadly by many epublicans and almost every interest group involved in the…...

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References

Skocpol, T (1996). Boomerang: Health care reform and the turn against government. W.W. Norton.

Starr, P. (1995). What happened to health care reform? The American Prospect. Vo. 20 (1995) 20-31.

The Consumer-Oriented and Operated Plans or CO-OP exchange will allow a variety of organizations, from traditional insurers to community-based organizations to coalitions of small-businesses, to become health insurers and to offer health insurance plans on an open and transparent market (State of Illinois, 2012). Illinois' preparedness and its clear and direct actions towards fulfilling the requirements and incentivized elements of the Affordable Care Act has enabled the state to collect a substantial amount of funding from the federal government for several of the programs already mentioned, further bolstering what the state is able to do for its citizens in terms of healthcare provision and regulation (State of Illinois, 2012).
One of the most significant steps in healthcare reform for Illinois was enacted within the state separately from the Affordable Care Act, though of course there are interrelated ramifications. eforms to the state's Medicaid program developed requirements for care coordination programs,…...

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References

Graham, J. (2010). Healthcare reform in Illinois. Chicago Tribune. Accessed 12 December 2012.  http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-03-23/health/ct-met-health-reform-illinois-20100323_1_health-insurance-premiums-insurance-rate-increases 

Illinois Healthcare and Family Service. (2012). Care Coordination. Accessed 12 December 2012.  http://www2.illinois.gov/hfs/PublicInvolvement/cc/Pages/default.aspx 

State of Illinois. (2012). Healthcare Reform in Illinois. Accessed 12 December 2012.  http://www2.illinois.gov/gov/healthcarereform/Pages/default.aspx#tabitem6

high road toward health reform," by ay Lefton, improved information technology is a critical component of healthcare reform. Comprehensive electronic medical health records will facilitate communication between physicians and patients as well as reduce the potential for medical errors. Flagging obvious medication errors; enabling patients' complete records to travel with them; keeping track of the responses to treatment of widespread databases of patients to 'vet' the effectiveness of patient care are all potential benefits of electronic medical records. Federal leadership and committing resources to achieving this goal is necessary, given that implementing EM will require a substantial shift in organizational cultures and expense. "Savings can be achieved with sufficient investment, compliance, and the adoption of best practices" (Lefton 2008: 42). However, issues with IT interoperability continue to plague the lofty goal of creating complete "health IT standards and infrastructure" to serve the goals of American patients (Lefton 2008: 42).
Discussion…...

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References

Lefton, Ray. (2008). Take the IT high road toward health reform. Healthcare Financial

Management, 42-44.

Strachan, Michael. (2009). Managing change proactively within the current HIM professional domain. Health Information Management Journal, 38 (3): 7-10.

Prescription for Health Care System Stakeholders
Discuss Dr. Wilson's "prescription" for the private sector, business, and government. Do you concur with this prescription? Why, or why not?

Dr. Wilson believes that healthcare reform is among the biggest priorities that will challenge the entire spectrum of people who are involved, either directly or indirectly, with the healthcare system. There are many different perspectives that are involved in the series of reforms who are at different levels. However, treating patients in an efficient and effective manner, while also providing the best health outcomes possible, is the basis for guiding reforms; albeit, many of the different stakeholders have significantly different ideas about how to achieve such objectives. Dr. Wilson further believes that there are four points of major friction in the system and offers the prescription for challenges that will be present in order to make health system reform a success: medical liability, skyrocketing…...

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References

Butler, M. (2014, September). Healthcare DIY: Empowering Consumers to Optimize their Healthcare through Health Information. Retrieved from AHIMA:  http://library.ahima.org/doc?oid=107435#.V223Omf6vWI 

Wilson, C. (2010, August 2). A prescription for health care system stakeholders. Retrieved from amed news:  http://www.amednews.com/article/20100802/opinion/308029956/5/

(Menzel, 1990, p. 3) Fisher, Berwick, & Davis alude to the idea of integration in health care, with providers linking as well as creating networks of electronic medical records and other cost improvement tactics.
The United States and other nations over the last twenty or so years, have begun a sweeping change in health care delivery, regarding the manner in which health information is input, stored and accessed. Computer use in the medical industry has greatly increased over the last thirty years the culmination of this is fully networked electronic medical record keeping. (Berner, Detmer, & Simborg, 2005, p. 3) the electronic medical record trend began in the largest institutions first, as hospitals and large care organizations attempted to reduce waste and improve patient care, while the adoption has been much slower among physician's practices and smaller medical institutions. (Hillestad, et al., 2005, pp. 1103-1104) Prior to this time medical…...

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Resources, and Utilization

Each of these was included in the initial Senate bill, but was struck from the final Senate version. Despite the victories, the group isn't ready to pledge support for health reform bills. The AMA will not endorse any legislation unless Congress gets rid of the mandated payment cuts of more than $200 billion over 10 years in the government's Medicare program for the elderly. The cuts are part of Congressional action that was passed in 1997 in order to cut costs in the Medicare program, but have never gone into effect. There are also several hospitals, insurers, pharmaceutical manufacturers and advocacy groups that are withholding final support. Most of these groups have pledged support to health care reform in principle while working privately through lobbyists to protect their industries (Eaton and Pell, 2010).
Healthcare lobbyists range from very large companies and corporations to very small groups who are all looking…...

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References

BREAKING: Health care lobby invests in reform summit. (2010). Retrieved March 1, 2010, from Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington Web site:

 http://www.citizensforethics.org/node/44211 

Eaton, Joe and Pell, M.B. (2010). Lobbyists Swarm Capitol to Influence Health Reform.

Retrieved March 1, 2010, from the Center for Public Integrity Web site:

Health Care Past, Current, And Future
The health of any nation should be a top priority for leaders and elected political representatives, but in the United States it took several centuries for the nation to begin to come to terms with providing health care for its citizens. This paper covers the gradual implementation of health care services and doctor training facilities in the U.S., and also covers the recent attempt by President Barack Obama to reform a chaotic, poor-functional and expensive health care system. Thesis: It is a scandal of massive proportions that a well-functioning, citizen-friendly universal health care system cannot be instituted in America, the world's most democratic superpower. Until the divisive and toxic political climate can be reformed, there is no chance of major reforms -- or for universal health care coverage -- in these United States.

Past Health Care Services -- Early America

Health care in colonial America in the…...

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Works Cited

Daly, John. (2005). Professional Nursing: Concepts, Issues, and Challenges. New York:

Springer Publishing Company.

Gorsky, Martin. (2010). Good Health for America? History Today, 60(2), 1-6.

McCarthy, Robert L., and Schafermeyer, Kenneth W. (2007). Introduction to Health Care

He further goes on to say that, "I am my brother's keeper and I am my sister's keeper" to bolster this point.
In a separate interview, epublican National Committee chairman Michael Steele refutes Obama's speech and maintained that Obama's call for healthcare reform as moral obligation is simply a "gimmick" and Obama's choice of going as far as this means that the White House is running scared as it needs to financially shore up its base.

The article closes on White House's denial that Obama is preparing to initiate a government-run "public option" for healthcare that will compete against private healthcare companies. As a matter of fact, Obama is working on the intensification of his healthcare reform call by reaching the channels of grass roots supporters via online and telephone meeting.

eference

Collinson, Stephen. "Obama makes moral case for health reform." 20 Aug. 2009. Yahoo! News.

9 Sept. 2009....

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Reference

Collinson, Stephen. "Obama makes moral case for health reform." 20 Aug. 2009. Yahoo! News.

9 Sept. 2009.

Healthcare in the United States: Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going
The current healthcare crisis in America is not one that happened over night. It is one that has been building for more than a quarter century. There was a time in America when healthcare was a stellar institution: research, cures, technological advances, and treatments. The focus of healthcare was maintaining and improving the quality of life. Then, during the early 1980s, managed care became an entity between the physician, the patient, and the healthcare provider of hospital services. It began subtly, but has, today, become one of the most aggressive and successful business ventures of our time; and it has been the unmaking of a once stellar and progressive American institution.

Managed care is a "distinctly American" product (Birenbaum, 1997). It was legislation introduced by the Nixon Administration with the intent to regulate healthcare and to maintain control over…...

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Reference List

Bernstein, A.B., Hing, E., Moss, A.J., Allen, K., Siller, A., and Tiggle, R. (2003). Health Care in America: Trends in Utilization. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.

Birenbaum, A. (2002). Wounded Profession: American Medicine Enters the Age of Managed Care. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Birenbaum, A. (1997). Managed Care: Made in America. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Committee on Health Care Access and Economics Task Force on Mental Health (2009). Improving Mental Health Services in Primary Care: Reducing Administrative and Financial Barriers to Access and Collaboration. The Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, March, 30, 2009, pp. 1248-1251.

WHO rates France as having the best healthcare ("World Health," 2000). In addition to universal healthcare, France also has non-profit supplementary providers, which means that the government subsidizes 70% of regular expenses but pays 100% of more expensive or long-term treatment plans (Sandier, Paris, & Polton, 2004). Money for subsidies comes from mandatory earnings contributions such as 5.25% salary, capital income, and gambling winnings (Sandier, 2004).
An argument that often arises is that people say they don't want the government deciding what medical procedures they can have. However, decisions regarding what procedures are covered by a particular health plan are made by the healthcare insurance companies, which are for-profit ("Insurance Verification," n.d.). Many people are denied treatment regardless of the illness. As already mentioned, some of the other nations with universal healthcare have supplementary plans in addition to the government plans that allow the patient more choice.

There are many arguments…...

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References:

Carrasquillo, O., Himmelstein, DU.,Woodhandler, S., Bor, DH. (1999). A Reappraisal of Private Employers' Role in Providing Health Insurance. NEJM, 340(1), 109-114.

"Insurance Verification & Eligibility Services." (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.globaledgeusa.com/insurance_verification_eligibility_services/

Mahon, Mary. (2010, June 23). U.S. ranks last among 7 countries on health system performance. EurkAlert. Retrieved from  http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-06/cf-url062210.php 

Reid, T.R. (Producer). (2008, April 15). Frontline: Sick around the world [Television broadcast]. New York: Central Broadcasting Service.