Health Management (Discussion questions)
First student

The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) is a law governing how and when patients may be denied treatment or moved from one hospital to another in cases of extreme medical conditions. EMTALA was legalized as a component of the 1986 consolidated budget reconciliation (ichards & athbun, 2009). Sometimes, it is known as the CONA law. This generalized name has generated other laws. A common provision under the COBA name is the statute that governs continuation of benefits derived from medical insurance after job termination. The principal provision of this statute is as follows:

Patients visiting the emergency unit seeking treatment or examination for medical conditions must be given the required medical screening diagnosis. This will be helpful in identifying if they are suffering from emergency medical conditions. In case they are, then hospitals are obliged to either furnish them with appropriate treatment until they are…...

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References

Davis, N.A., & Cleverley, W.O. (2010). Essentials of health care finance: A workbook for health information managers. Chicago, Ill: American Health Information Management Association.

Ferenc, D.P. (2013). Understanding hospital billing and coding. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier.

Richards, E.P., & Rathbun, K.C. (2009). Medical care law. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers.

Institute of Medicine (2013). Emergency medical services at the crossroads. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press.

Health Management (Discussion questions)
A health plan is gradually devised in four main stages. The first step is to assess the current situation, and what needs to be changed in terms of a given health setting. Secondly, a set of solutions is designed to bridge the cap between what is, and what is desirable. Thirdly, the measures that were agreed upon are implemented in the targeted environment. Lastly, a process of evaluation determines how effectively the health measures made the transition from what was to what was demanded to be changed.

During the initial phase, it is the general identification of health in a population sector that morphs. The redefining of health justifies enacting a new health plan; in other words, the new plan has to accommodate the effects of this redefinition of society's health goals. After the goals are set, the devised measures ought to take into consideration existing health, social,…...

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References

National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (2011). Public health planning toolkit. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University. Retrieved from  http://www.nccmt.ca/registry/view/eng/105.html 

The Health Planner's Toolkit (2006). Ontario, Canada: Queen's Printer for Ontario. Retrieved from http://www.health.gov.on.ca/transformation/providers/information/resources/health_planner/module_1.pdf

Health Management and Financial Statements
Describe the four basic financial statements. What are some ways in which accounting for health care organizations (HCOs), especially not-for-profit (NFP) ones, tends to differ from accounting in other industries?

According to the textbook Essentials of Health Care Finance, "the primary outputs of financial accounting are four financial statements that detail the organization's current financial position and how the organization reached that position over some period of time (usually 1 year)" (Cleverley, Song & Cleverley, 2012). These four financial statements are 1.) Balance Sheet, 2.) Statement of Operations (or income statement or statement of revenues and expenses), 3.) Statement of Cash Flows, and 4.) Statement of Changes in Net Assets (or statement of changes in net assets). Health care organizations (HCOs) utilize each of these four financial statements under guidelines known as the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) to ensure an accurate financial accounting of their operation…...

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References

Cleverley, W., Song, P., & Cleverley, J. (2012). Essentials of health care finance. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Friedman, M. (2013, September 16). Groups trying to make hospital prices clear. Arkansas Business. Retrieved from  http://www.arkansasbusiness.com/article/94632/groups-trying-to-make-hospital-prices-clear

A. Identify a current nursing practice within your healthcare setting that requires change.HIS in Nursing practice1. Describe the current nursing practice.HMISs (Health Management Information Systems) are included among the building blocks vital to strengthening the nation’s health and healthcare system. They may be defined as data collection systems targeted specially at supporting planning, decision-making and management within hospitals smaller healthcare centers and health and healthcare related agencies.Health information constitutes a central component of an operational health system. An HIS (health information system) offers evidence that supports program- and policy- level decision-making to improve individual and societal health outcomes. But the word “HIS” lacks a well-defined or explicit definition.The position of nurse informatics (NI) specialist came into being when the health sector recognized the need to have interactions between healthcare professionals and IT experts for the purpose of dealing with patient care issues (Bickford, 2009). NI specialists have a pivotal role…...

Health of Indigenous Australian Using Ecological and Holistic Health Paradigm
Patterns of health and illness

Physical Health

Mental Health

Spiritual Health

Social Health

Impact of Broader Environments

Natural

Built

Social

Economic

Political

Critical eflection

Health is a basic component of human life that comprises of multiple facets. The description of health has witnessed dramatic change during past few years, as it has become a holistic phenomenon. Previously, it was considered that a healthy person is the one who does not suffer from any ailment or illness. However in recent times, the physical, psychological and communal aspects of human life have been amalgamated to give a broader perspective to human health which is identical to the concept of indigenous communities (Hjelm, 2010).

Numerous organizations are working extensively for providing adequate health care to the world population since many decades. However, it is appalling to notice that discrimination on social, economic and political grounds has coerced indigenous populations to languish in poor health conditions in regions…...

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References

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2012, Australia's health 2012, AIHW, Australia.

Biddle, N & Yap, M 2010, Demographic and Socioeconomic Outcomes Across the Indigenous Australian Lifecourse: Evidence from the 2006 Census, ANU E. Press, Australia.

Caltabiano, ML & Ricciardelli, L 2012, Applied Topics in Health Psychology, John Wiley & Sons, Great Britain.

Carson, B, Dunbar, T & Chenhall, RD 2007, Social Determinants of Indigenous Health, Allen & Unwin, Singapore.

"Studies of the relationship between managed care penetration in the health care market and expenditures for Medicare fee-for-service enrollees have demonstrated the existence of these types of spill over effects" (Bundorf et al., 2004).
Managed care organizations generate these types of spillover effects by increasing competition in the health care market, altering the arrangement of the health care delivery system, and altering physician practice patterns. Studies have found that higher levels of managed care infiltration are linked with lower rates of hospital cost inflation and lower physician fees are consistent with competitive effects. "Other studies demonstrate the impact of managed care on delivery system structure including hospital capacity, hospital admission patterns, the size and composition of the physician workforce and the adoption and use of medical equipment and technologies. More recent evidence has linked market-level managed care activity to the process, but not the outcomes of care" (Bundorf et al.,…...

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References

Altman, D.E. And L. Levin. (2005). The Sad History of Health Care Cost Containment as

Told by One Client. Health Affairs, 24(1).

Bodenheimer, T. (2005). High and rising health care costs. part 1: Seeking an explanation.

Annals of Internal Medicine, 142(10), 847-54.

Healthcare in the United States: Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going
The current healthcare crisis in America is not one that happened over night. It is one that has been building for more than a quarter century. There was a time in America when healthcare was a stellar institution: research, cures, technological advances, and treatments. The focus of healthcare was maintaining and improving the quality of life. Then, during the early 1980s, managed care became an entity between the physician, the patient, and the healthcare provider of hospital services. It began subtly, but has, today, become one of the most aggressive and successful business ventures of our time; and it has been the unmaking of a once stellar and progressive American institution.

Managed care is a "distinctly American" product (Birenbaum, 1997). It was legislation introduced by the Nixon Administration with the intent to regulate healthcare and to maintain control over…...

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Reference List

Bernstein, A.B., Hing, E., Moss, A.J., Allen, K., Siller, A., and Tiggle, R. (2003). Health Care in America: Trends in Utilization. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.

Birenbaum, A. (2002). Wounded Profession: American Medicine Enters the Age of Managed Care. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Birenbaum, A. (1997). Managed Care: Made in America. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Committee on Health Care Access and Economics Task Force on Mental Health (2009). Improving Mental Health Services in Primary Care: Reducing Administrative and Financial Barriers to Access and Collaboration. The Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, March, 30, 2009, pp. 1248-1251.

While promoting and encouraging diversity in hiring and advancement policies and actions is a definite area of concern for health care managers and executives, and this necessarily has an effect on the diversity of care ultimately offered to patients, this latter issue should be dealt with between physicians and patients themselves as much as possible (IDHM 2010). Manager involvement in this issue should consist of a broader appraisal of the physician's attitude towards cultural diversity in the patients seen by the physician; it could be that the efficacy and quality of care being provided by this doctor is diminished by a lack of cultural understanding. Developing a full plan of care for the individual patient in question, however, is not something that a manager at the health care organization should become involved in directly.
The ethical provision of healthcare includes meeting each individual patient on their own terms, applying their…...

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References

ACHE. (2010). Amercian College of Healthcare Executives. Accessed 4 August 2010.  http://www.ache.org/ 

IDHM. (2010). Institute for Diversity in Health Management. Accessed 4 August 2010.  http://www.diversityconnection.org/

Management of Technology in Developing Countries Such as Iran
Technology management arrangements of developing countries vary from those of first world ones. The requirement for skill in these states is not growing from within, but somewhat cropping up from new wares imported from first world countries. Technological growth in addition does not consequence from inner data and research, but resulting upon the technology transmission from abroad. In these environments, technology management by customary way is barely effective. These are troubles facing the Islamic epublic of Iran these days and as a consequence organizations controlling the technology management endure non-compliance, then technological development does not trail an accurate trend (obertson, 2002).

Lack of distinctive management, vagueness of technological precedence's, misunderstanding of policy-making roles and inter-organization implementation and management, tremendous government involvement in all fields and lack of specialist manpower are amongst the vital troubles of the topic (Sveiby et. al 2001). Even though…...

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References

(1.) Abou-Zeid, E.S. "A Knowledge Management Reference Model." Journal of Knowledge Management, 6(5), 2002. pp. 486-499.

(2.) Bender S. And Fish A. "The Transfer of Knowledge and the Retention of Expertise: The Continuing Need for Global Assignments." Journal of Knowledge Management, 4(2), 2008. pp. 125-135.

(3.) Beveren, V.J. "A Model of Knowledge Acquisition that Refocuses Knowledge Management." Journal of Knowledge Management, 6(1), 2002. pp. 18-22.

(4.) Bhatt, G. "Organizing Knowledge in the Knowledge Development Cycle." Journal of Knowledge Management, 4(1), 2009. pp. 15-26.

The article states, "The enormous human and economic costs associated with occupational stress suggest that initiatives designed to prevent and/or reduce employee stress should be high on the agenda of workplace health promotion (HP) programs" (Noblet, LaMontagne, 2006, p. 346).
Along with the article's assertion that reducing employee stress should be beneficial to both the individual and the company, the article also documents the many problems that can occur due to stress in the workplace. The article espouses, "For employees, chronic exposure to stressful situations such as work overload, poor supervisory support and low input into decision-making have been cross-sectionally and prospectively linked to a range of debilitating health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, emotional exhaustion, immune deficiency disorders and cardiovascular disease" (Noblet, p. 347). Many of these illnesses are debilitating and can be long-term which adds to the company's cost due to employee absence(s) directly affecting the company's bottom line.

Other…...

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Works Cited

Aldana, S.G., Merrill, R.M., Price, K., Hardy, a. And Hager, R. (2005) Financial impact of a comprehensive multisite workplace health promotion program, Preventive Medicine, 40, 131-137.

Downey, a.M., Sharp, D.J., (2007) Why do managers allocate resources to workplace health promotion programmes in countries with national health coverage?, Health Promotion International, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 102-111

Musich, S.A., Adams, L. And Edington, D.W. (2000) Effectiveness of health promotion programs in moderating medical costs in the U.S.A., Health Promotion International, 15, 5-15

Ozminkowski, R., Ling, D., Goetzel, R., Bruno, J., Rutter, K., Isaac, F. et al. (2002) Long-term impact of Johnson & Johnson's health & wellness program on health care utilization and expenditures. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44, 21-29.

Health and Safety Legislation in elation to Employee Protection for Accidents at Work
Every individual within a workplace environment has the legal rights to protection against any work related risk, which may arise on the course of duty performance. Generally, the employees' health and safety legislation impose a range of duties to both employers and employees. The employees' health and safety guides apply to the self-employed as well as the diverse categories of employees such as manufacturers, designers, and suppliers. In different states, the legislation expresses a wide-based duty guideline within the Health and Safety at Work Acts. These regulations or acts are further spelt out in details within the subsidiary regulations, including those dealing with health and safety management, accident and/or risk management (Johnson & Geraldine, 2013, p. 57), as well as other emerging issues specific to health and safety of employees at work. This paper aims at providing an…...

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References

Chamberlin, K.W., Cottle, M. & Neville, R. (2007).Responsibilities in notifying accidents to the health and safety authorities.Health and Safety Management, 4(3), 67-78.

Hansson, P. (2008). Employment laws and employee accident claims. Employment, Safety and Health, 14(5), 27-42.

Johnson, W.B. & Geraldine, C.K. (2013).The management of health, safety and welfare of employees at work.Employment Rights and Conditions, 3(1), 56-68.

Occupational Health and Safety Act (2000).Workplace injuries management and workers compensation.Journal of Employees' Safety and Health, 73(4), 78-97.

Some doctors believe that genetic factors are the core cause of a lot of eating disorders. esearchers have found specific chromosomes that may be associated with bulimia and anorexia, specifically regions on chromosome 10 that have been linked to bulimia as well as obesity. There has been evidence that has shown that there is an association with genetic factors being responsible for serotonin, the brain chemical involved with both well-being and appetite. esearchers have also determined that certain proteins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are thought to influence a person's vulnerability to developing an eating disorder (Eating disorders -- Causes, 2010).
The advance of food in Western countries has become extremely problematic. The food that is produced in the U.S. every year is enough to supply 3,800 calories to everyone on a daily basis. This is far more than is needed for good nutrition. Obesity is a worldwide epidemic,…...

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References

Eating Disorders. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2010, from National Mental Health Information

Center Web site: http://mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/publications/allpubs/ken98-

0047/default.asp

Eating Disorders. (2009). Retrieved June 19, 2010, from National Institute of Mental Health

This ensures each data entry point has a very clear purpose in the overarching development of the enterprise-wide IT systems throughout a healthcare provider (Tan, Payton, 2010). By taking this top-down governance and process management approach to defining an IT structure with data points, a healthcare organization can also ensure a much higher level of security to their entire network as well (Dwyer, einer, Siegel, 2004). Aligning IT spending to processes and governance frameworks ensures a higher level of performance.
3. Describe a situation where you would use a CHIN or HINO system to provide care. How would you utilize cloud computing?

The Community Health Information Network (CHIN) and egional Health Information Network Organizations (HINO) are best suited to serving a broad base of patients across a wide geographic and socioeconomic area. The CHIN platform has been specifically tailored to the development of metro and urban requirements, with success in supporting…...

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References

Dwyer, S.J., Reiner, B.I., Siegel, E.L. (2004). Security

Hickman, G.T., Smaltz, DH (2008). The Healthcare Information Technology Planning Field book: Tactics, Tools and Templates for Building your IT Plan. Chicago: HIMSS. ISBN 978-0-9800697-1-6.

Tan, J., Payton, F.C. (2010). Adaptive Health Management Information Systems: Concepts Cases and Practical Applications (3rd ed.). Boston: Jones and Bartlett. ISBN 13: 978-0-7637-5691-8.

Management:
Concept of Continuum of Care in Case Management:

Health care organizations are usually faced with several critical challenges in their daily operations such as the ever-increasing demand for safe and quality care services, technological changes, and rising costs. One of the major concerns of these organizations is how to increase improved patient outcomes while maintaining or lessening the costs of these services. In order to address this concern, some organizations have adopted an integration of high level of functionality throughout the whole scale of care coordination. This process has also involved the establishment of case management program to provide specialized care management services to individuals who are vulnerable to high costs of care or tragic illness or injuries.

In such situations, case management enables nurse educators to encourage the effective use of care services, enhance patient outcomes, and maintain access while containing costs ("Case Management," n.d.). Consequently, effective case management helps…...

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References:

"Case Management." (n.d.). Managing Care and Cost Across the Entire Healthcare Continuum.

Retrieved January 26, 2013, from  http://www.gilsbar.com/Our-Services/Population-Health-Management/Case-Management 

Felong, B. (2008, August). Guide to Discharge Planning. Retrieved from The University of New

Mexico website: http://www.unm.edu/~dpayment/dow/N424D/pages/GuideToDischargePlanning.pdf

overwhelming connections between healthcare costs and the macroeconomic performance of the U.S. economy. The impact of healthcare industry on the macroeconomic performance is evident from the fact that in 2009 healthcare expenditure of the U.S. was 18% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the country. It was also estimated that should the healthcare costs continue to grow at historical rates, 34% of the U.S. GDP will compose of healthcare spending by 2040 (Whitehouse, 2009). The major sources of funding the healthcare costs are the Federal, State, and local governments of the U.S. Medicare is a healthcare program that subsidizes healthcare for citizens above 65 years of age. Medicaid subsidizes healthcare delivery for people below a certain income level. Approximately 50% of the healthcare expenditure is bore by governments at the federal, state and local level. It is also estimated that Medicare and Medicaid spending of Federal and State…...

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Bibliography

CMS. (2013, Nov). National Health Expenditure Projections 2012-2022. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Retrieved from:  http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/NationalHealthAccountsProjected.html 

Kolstad, J.T., & Kowalski, A.E. (2012). Mandate-based health reform and the labor market: Evidence from the Massachusetts reform (No. w17933). National Bureau of Economic Research.

The Whitehouse. (2009). Deficit-Reducing Health Care Reform. The Whitehouse. Retrieved from:  http://www.whitehouse.gov/economy/reform/deficit-reducing-health-care-reform 

CBO. (2011, March). The Economic Case for the Health Care Reform. Congressional Budget Office: Executive Office of the President Council of Economic Advisers. Retrieved from:  http://www.cbo.gov/publication/22077

1. The benefits and challenges of switching to Electronic Medical Records in healthcare settings.
2. The impact of Electronic Medical Records on patient care and outcomes.
3. The role of Electronic Medical Records in improving healthcare efficiency and reducing costs.
4. The importance of data security and privacy in Electronic Medical Records systems.
5. The potential for interoperability and data exchange between different Electronic Medical Records systems.
6. The future of Electronic Medical Records and the potential for advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning.
7. The ethical considerations and implications of Electronic Medical Records, particularly in regards to patient consent and data sharing.
8. The....

Impact of Electronic Medical Records on Patient Care

The benefits and challenges of using electronic medical records (EMRs) in healthcare delivery
How EMRs have improved the accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility of patient information
The role of EMRs in reducing medical errors and improving patient safety
The potential risks to patient privacy and security associated with EMRs
The impact of EMRs on the patient-physician relationship and trust

Technological Considerations for EMR Implementation

The key technological requirements and challenges for successful EMR implementation
The different types of EMR systems available and their respective strengths and weaknesses
The importance of data interoperability and standards....

1. The role of health informatics in improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs
2. The impact of electronic health records on patient care and safety
3. The use of telehealth and remote monitoring in healthcare delivery
4. The ethical considerations of data sharing and privacy in health informatics
5. The challenges and opportunities of implementing health informatics systems in developing countries
6. The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in health informatics
7. The future trends of health informatics and the potential impact on healthcare delivery
8. The importance of interoperability and data standardization in health informatics
9. The benefits of using predictive analytics and data-driven....

A Health Information System (HIS) is a system that captures, stores, manages, and transmits health-related data. It includes a combination of people, processes, and technology that collects, processes, and presents information to support healthcare provider decision-making and improve patient outcomes.

Health Information Systems typically include electronic health records (EHRs), computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems, and clinical decision support systems (CDSS), among other components. These systems help healthcare providers to efficiently manage patient care, track patient progress, and ensure accurate and timely communication among healthcare professionals.

Overall, a Health Information System plays a crucial role in improving the quality, safety, and efficiency....