Health
The Baltimore City Health Department

e: Chronic Kidney Disease Can Be Prevented with Nutrition Education

According to the National Kidney Foundation, 26 million Americans have chronic kidney disease (CKD), and "millions of others are at risk." Of the populations most at risk include African-Americans. Persons with HIV / AIDS are also at risk for developing complications related to CKD. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the most common precursors for CKD, and African-Americans are at higher risk for diabetes and high blood pressure than the rest of the American population (National Kidney Foundation, 2012). Moreover, African-Americans are at a higher risk for developing end-stage renal disease (ESD) versus other ethnic groups. Because the state of Maryland has a relatively high incidence of CKD cases, and because the state also has a large number of African-American residents, this public health issue must be addressed promptly. Chronic kidney disease and related complications are, furthermore,…...

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References

National Kidney Foundation (2012). Chronic kidney disease. Retrieved online:  http://www.kidney.org/kidneydisease/ckd/index.cfm

13-15). Individuals who come to women's or STD clinics may not be representative of the population, and may be more likely to manifest prevalence of the ailment or not to manifest prevalence because of more frequent testing.
Secondly, an additional variable is that of the region-specific nature of the screening. In some regions, federally funded Chlamydia screening supplements local- and state-funded screening programs. This may make the screening more comprehensive in nature in some areas of the country than others, as in some regions there may be additional funding from local and regional as well as federal sources. The different levels of regional scrutiny may also affect the tracking of the disease, as in some regions awareness about STDs is more highly promoted in schools and in the media than other regions, which can result in higher levels of traffic at STD clinics as well as theoretically greater levels of…...

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Works Cited

Health departments react with alarm to new CDC surveillance data. (22 Jan 2009). Medical

News Today. Retrieved January 31, 2009 at  http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/136289.php 

STD surveillance report. (2009). Center for Disease Control. Retrieved January 31, 2009 at  http://www.cdc.gov/std/Chlamydia2006/CTSurvSupp2006Short.pdf 

STD article review

Health Department Proposal
The scope of the project would be that of reducing the numbers of parents who smoke in the presence of their asthmatic children. This problem is increasing in the context in which more children are diagnosed with this condition and as it increases in severity when they are exposed to second hand smoking.

The project addresses the parents of children with asthma who smoke and it would be completed through educational efforts and by presenting these parents with the information necessary to raising awareness of the severity of the condition and the dangers of smoking for their children.

The risks of asthma and smoking

Asthma is often neglected as a severe illness and this is due to the fact that less people come to suffer severe problems pegged to asthma, and the incidence of deaths caused by asthma has dramatically reduced throughout the recent years. This is generally due to…...

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References:

Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., 2010, Principles of marketing, 13th edition, Pearson Education

2011, Smoking and asthma, Kids Health,   last accessed on August 16, 2011http://kidshealth.org/parent/asthma_center/preventing_flareups/smoking_asthma.html 

2011, What is asthma? National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute,   last accessed on August 16, 2011http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Asthma/Asthma_WhatIs.html 

working arrangement at the County Health Department includes a five day work week of eight hours each day. An alternative to this would be to introduce a four day work week of ten hours each day, with every Friday a day off. This four day work week would increase productivity, increase employee motivation and result in significant cost savings for the department.
The four day work week would allow employees to be more productive, using more of their work time for work-related tasks. Firstly, all employees have a wind-up and a wind-down period, the wind-up where they begin to work and the wind-down where they prepare to stop working. The most efficient period is the middle period, where employees are fully focused on working. Longer work days means less time is spent in the wind-up and wind-down periods and more time is spent in the more efficient middle period. Secondly,…...

Healthcare Case Study Schuylkill County, PA
County Overview - Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania is located in the heart of the anthracite Coal region of Pennsylvania where the Schuylkill iver originates. Pottsville is the county seat, and the county showed a population of just under 150,000 as of 2010 with a density of 190 persons per square mile. The total area of the county is 782 square miles, almost all land, less than 1/2 a per cent water. The county's history, likely due to large coal deposits, focused on the railroad and industrialization (Schuylkill Chamber of Commerce, 2011).

The county experienced the high point of its population during the 1920s and 1930s, and has been losing people ever since, most between 1950 and 1970, with about a 1-2% population loss since the turn of the century. This is likely due to the lack of appropriate jobs and opportunities within the county. Schuylkill County is…...

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REFERENCES

County Health Statistics - Healthcare 2010. (2009, March). Retrieved from Pennsylvania Department of Health: http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt-in_hi_groupoperator_1=or&in_hi_req_objtype=18&in_hi_req_objtype=17&in_hi_req_objtype=512&in_hi_req_objtype=514&in_hi_req_objtype=43&in_hi_req_objtype=1&in_hi_req_apps=7&in_hi_req_page=10&in_ra_topoperator=or&

Comprehensive Plan. (2010, March). Retrieved from City of Pottsville, PA:  http://www.city.pottsville.pa.us/html/cp1.htm 

Election Statistics. (2010, June). Retrieved from Pennsylvania Department of State:  http://www.dos.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/running_for_office/12704 

Schuylkill County. (2010, June). Retrieved from Sperling's Best Places USA:  http://www.bestplaces.net/economy/county/pennsylvania/schuylkill

Health Care -- Strategic Planning and Marketing
Strategic planning and marketing often wed customer-oriented issues with broader issues of public health, morality and survival in a highly competitive market. Consequently, a key issue set forth by the American Hospital Association and an issue of strategic planning/marketing are often two sides of the same coin. This work addresses the customer-oriented issues of Diversity and Emergency Planning that are mirrored in two key issues advanced by the AHA. These two issues are articulated in the first part of this work and answered in the second part of this work.

Customer-Oriented Strategic Plan

Diversity

American society is increasingly ethnically diverse due to immigration, relocation, birth rates and other factors. Consequently, a 250-bed community hospital must hone its sensitivity to resulting changes in community health needs. n addition, there is a high level of competition among hospitals that requires sensitive, targeted marketing to attract diverse groups. A very…...

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Issues or Opportunities

Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities

As the American Hospital Association states, "Addressing disparities is no longer just about morality, ethics and social justice: It is essential for performance excellence and improved community health" (American Hospital Association, 2012). A multi-faceted approach to discerning, accommodating and marketing for diversity would certainly include the thoughtful collection and examination of diversity data to define target ethnic markets and specific steps tailored to those markets, as described in Noonan's and Savolaine's article. Studying obstetrical discharge data for ethnicity and outright asking physicians for specific information about the ethnicity of their patients is a sensible approach to determining the community's ethnic composition. In addition, the hospital zip code's CNI data for "five factors long known to contribute to health need - income, culture/language, education, housing status, and insurance coverage" (Anonymous, 2011) should be defined and collected. After that data is collected, it should be studied to define the community's major ethnic target groups. After determining the target groups, the hospital's services should be marketed directly

Health Disparities in Louisville KY
Health Disparities

Health inequities have become a major problem in the United States. Hofrichter stresses in Tackling Health Inequities Through Public Health Practice:

A Handbook for Action ( 2006) that, "The awareness of the existence of inequities in health, health status and health outcomes between racial and ethnic groups in America is as old as the nation itself" (Hofrichter, 2006,P. vii). As will be discussed in this paper, these inequalities have a wide range of repercussions, including social and psychological implications. A definition of health disparity is: "... The difference in the incidence, prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and burden of diseases and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups" ( Samuels, 2005).

There is also a consensus in the literature that inequalities in health and healthcare throughout the world are on the increase. This is largely due to the increasing gap between rich and poor within many…...

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References

Eliminating social and economic barriers to good health and safety: Louisville

Center for Health Equity. Retrieved from  http://www.preventioninstitute.org/component/jlibrary/article/id-278/127.html?tmpl=component&print=1 

Galvin, J.R. (2006) Diabetes. Ebony, 61 p. 157.

GradNation - Making the Connection: Health & Student Achievement. Retrieved from http://www.silentepidemic.net/Our-Work/Dropout-Prevention/~/media/Files/Our%20Work/Dropout%20Prevention/Grad%20Nation%20Action%20Forum/Steve%20Tarver%20working%20sess%20PPT.ashx

In 2004, a Ten-Year Plan to Strengthen Health Care was announced, primarily intended to improve access to medical services, decrease wait times, and update medical equipment and ensure accurate reporting and enhance public health promotion and prevention programs. Shortly thereafter, the Canadian Supreme Court affirmed the nation's health care philosophy and the immediate need to implement further improvements envisioned by the ambitious 2004 plan in striking down a Quebec law that had prohibited private medical insurance for covered services:

The evidence in this case shows that delays in the public health care system are widespread and that in some serious cases, patients die as a result of waiting lists for public health care...In sum, the prohibition on obtaining private health insurance is not constitutional where the public system fails to deliver reasonable services."

According to legal experts, the decision could "open the door to a wave of lawsuits challenging the health care…...

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References

Canadian Medical Association Journal.

1939 September; 41(3):

Chaoulli v. Quebec: Judgments of the Supreme Court of Canada Accessed, September 2, 2007, at http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/index.html

Kraus, C. (2005) Canada's Supreme Court Chips Away at National Health Care.

Figure 1 portrays the state of Maryland, the location for the focus of this DR.

Figure 1: Map of Maryland, the State (Google Maps, 2009)

1.3 Study Structure

Organization of the Study

The following five chapters constitute the body of Chapter I: Introduction

Chapter II: Review of the Literature

Chapter III: Methods and Results

Chapter IV: Chapter V: Conclusions, Recommendations, and Implications

Chapter I: Introduction

During Chapter I, the researcher presents this study's focus, as it relates to the background of the study's focus, the area of study, the four research questions, the significance of the study, and the research methodology the researcher utilized to complete this study.

Chapter II: Review of the Literature in Chapter II, the researcher explores information accessed from researched Web sites; articles; books; newspaper excerpts; etc., relevant to considerations of the disparity in access to health care services between rural and urban residence in Maryland and the impact of the lack of financial resources. The…...

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Potter, S. (2002) Doing Postgraduate Research. London: Sage.

Qualitative research: Approaches, methods, and rigour, (2008, Nov. 7). Microsoft PowerPoint Qualitative Research AdvC08 RS.PPT. Retrieved March 10, 2009 from www.unimaas.nl/bestand.asp?id=11629

Wolvovsky, Jay. (2008). Health disparities: Impact on Business and Economics Summit. Maryland's healthcare at a glance. The Heart of Community Health Baltimore Medical Syste. Retrieved March 10, 2009 at  http://dhmh.maryland.gov/hd/pdf/2008/oct08/Jay_Wolvovsky.pdf

The research thus concludes the essence of having quality and effective legislation addressing the aspects of overall oral health of the people.
Additionally, the Canadian Dental Association also relates several issues of the overall body health to the oral health of the individual. In view of the article on the relation "oral health -- good life," the article gives information on the essence of good oral health, indicating some of the illnesses of ill oral health (Chattopadhyay, 2011). In this article, the relation between the ill oral health and the overall health of the body is that the mouth is the ingress to the body. Therefore, an individual with ill oral health is at the highest risk of having infection that affects the whole body system severely. According to this article, it emphasizes the need for dentists-patient relation as the dentists is the only person with the skill, expertise and…...

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References

Chattopadhyay, a. (2011). Oral health epidemiology: Principles and practice. Sudbury, Mass:

Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Ramseier, C.A., & Suvan, J.E. (2010). Health behavior change in the dental practice. Ames,

Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell.

This, then, is a theory with a very wide extent, which seeks to move away from the biotechnical perspective, in direction of a more all-inclusive evaluation of health. Health is a right for all the people and it's an ideal state while nowadays it is been sold as a commodity by private insurance companies to increase their profits. This therefore is resulting in the loss of the people's lives and health.
At all stages in life, health is determined by compound interactions between communal and monetary factors, the corporal environment and individual behavior. And these factors which affect health are known as the determinants of health. Many other factors are there which combine together to affect the health of individuals and communities. Whether people are well or not, is determined by their conditions and surroundings. Factors such as the living standards, the state of environment, genetics, earnings and education level,…...

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References

1.  http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/phdd/determinants/determinants.htm 

  www.who.int/hia/evidence/doh/en /  http://www.uclan.ac.uk/facs/health/hsdu/homepage/health.htm http://www.rochesterunitarian.org/1999-2000/20000326.html 

Health: The Foundations for Achievement by David Seedhouse June 2001

Ethics: The Heart of Health Care by David Seedhouse April 1998

Community Teaching Proposal for Primary Prevention/Health Promotion
The objective of this study is to create a community teaching proposal for primary prevention and health promotion. The work of Kulbok, wet al (2012) reports that public health nursing practice is "population focused and requires unique knowledge, competencies, and skills." (p.1) Public health nursing makes the requirement of working with communities and populations "as equal partner and focusing on primary prevention and health promotion." (Kulbok, et al., 2012, p.1)

Community Teaching

Community teaching for primary prevention and health promotion involves educating community members about what is required to address primary prevention and promotion of health. This can be accomplished through community-wide meetings held at a central location in the community. As noted by Kulbok et al. (2012) "In the 21st century, public health nurses practice in diverse settings including, but not limited to, community nursing centers; home health agencies; housing developments; local and state health…...

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References

Anderson, DR, et al. (2012) Primary Care Nursing Role and Care Coordination: An Observational Study of Nursing Work in a Community Health Center, The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. 17 No. 2. Retrieved from:  http://nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-17-2012/No2-May-2012/Primary-Care-Nursing-Role-and-Care-Coordination.html 

Connor, N. et al. (2012) Healthy People 2020 from Theory to Practice in a Nursing Program. The University of Central Florida. Retrieved from: http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.aptrweb.org/resource/resmgr/tp2012_presentations/conner_aptr_tp12.pdf

Kulbock, PA, et al. (2012) Evolving Public Health Nursing Roles: Focus on Community Participatory Health Promotion and Prevention. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. 17. No. 2. Retrieved from:  http://nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-17-2012/No2-May-2012/Evolving-Public-Health-Nursing-Roles.html

Community Teaching Plan
Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal

Directions: Develop an educational series proposal for your community using one of the following four topics which was chosen within your CLC group:

Bioterrorism/Disaster

Environmental Issues

Primary Prevention/Health Promotion

Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population

Planning Before Teaching:

Estimated Time Teaching Will Last:

Three 2-hour sessions

Location of Teaching:

Athens Community Health Department

Supplies, Material, Equipment Needed:

Laptop; digital projector; screen

Estimated Cost:

Community and Target Aggregate:

Athens Community Health Department, Athens, Georgia

Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population

Session I: Sources of Vulnerability

Session II:Implications for Healthcare Providers

Session III: Innovative Practice; Gordon's Functional Health Patterns Assessment

Epidemiological ationale for Topic (statistics related to topic):

The literature on vulnerable people clearly indicates that the special needs of these populations and the ubiquitous barriers to quality care access lead to traceable disparities in the provision of healthcare and in their health outcomes (Edelman & Mandle, 2006).

Nursing Diagnosis:

Any number of variables or combinations of variables can impact the healthcare experiences of individuals -- and…...

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References

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). National healthcare disparities report 2008. Chapter 3, Access to healthcare. Washington: AHRQ; 2008. Retrieved  http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nhdr08/Chap3.htm 

Edelman, C.L. And Mandle, C.L. (2006). In D. Como, L. Thomas (Eds.), Health Promotion Throughout the Lifespan. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby.

[Type text]

American Public Health Association Advocacy and Policy page that resonated the most with me was the process that this organization outlines for shaping public health policy. On the one hand, it was encouraging to see that this organization has issued a number of ways for virtually anyone to take action and attempt to affect the public health processes that influence this country. There are a variety of alerts that one can be a part of and which reach policymakers, as well as calendar dates pertaining to the organization's own public health initiatives. There is even information about taking trips to Washington D.C. And meeting with members of Congress. Perhaps the most interesting aspect about all of these avenues, however, is that they do not take account for the power of money. It is quite easy for any citizen to express his or her needs to policy makers regarding the…...

Diabetes is one of the major non-communicable diseases today. In the U.S., approximately 9% of the general population have diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes, with a further 37% estimated to be pre-diabetic (CDC, 2016). The disease increasingly imposes a significant morbidity, economic, mortality, and psychological burden on individuals, families, communities, healthcare organizations, as well as the government. This paper discusses a number of issues relating to diabetes. These include: past and present funding initiatives; past and present quality initiatives; the relationship between diabetes care quality and healthcare coverage; and diabetes care in the U.S. and UK.
Funding Initiatives

In the U.S., initiatives aimed at preventing diabetes are funded by both the government and private entities. Public funding is executed through the Division of Diabetes Translation (DDT), a unit of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (CDC, 2016). DDT funds health departments at the state and local government level in support of…...

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References

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (n.d.). Index of diabetes quality improvement initiatives. Retrieved from: resources/tools/diabguide/diabqguideapg.htmlhttps://archive.ahrq.gov/professionals/quality-patient-safety/quality-

Casagrande, S., & Cowie, C. (2012). Health insurance coverage among people with and without diabetes in the U.S. adult population. Diabetes Care, 35(11), 2243-2249.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2016). Diabetes programs and initiatives. Retrieved from:  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/programs/ 

Crosson, J., Ohman-Strickland, P., Campbell, S., et al. (2009). A comparison of chronic illness care quality in US and UK family medicine practices prior to pay-for- performance initiatives. Family Practice, 26(6): 510-516.