Hamas
The word Hamas is derived from an Arabic phrase, which means Islamic esistance Movement. Hamas is the largest Palestinian political party that rules over the Gaza and is launched by the Palestinian Sunni Islamists. Presently, Khaled Mashaal is the chief head and Ismail Haniyah is the prime minister of Hamas. The headquarters are found at Gaza and in Palestinian territories (Matthew Levitt, 2006). The story begins with the killing of several Palestinians in a traffic accident done by an Israeli driver and stimulated Sheikh Ahmed Yassin (who was also the head of Muslim Brotherhood) and some others to start a "Muslim brotherhood movement" that made its way towards the creation of Hamas in 1987 (Matthew Levitt, 2006). The party attacked firstly on two Israeli and killed them on the spot in 1989. Because of this act, Yassin was arrested immediately and sentenced life imprisonment while several other Hamas activists were…...

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References

Anat Kurz, N.T. (1997). Hamas: radical Islam in a national struggle. Tel Aviv: Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Tel Aviv University.

Beverley Milton-Edwards, S.F. (2010). Hamas: The Islamic Resistance Movement. Cambridge; Malden, Mass.: Polity.

Harub, K. (2000). Hamas: political thought and practice. Washington, DC: Inst. For Palestine Studies.

Hroub, K. (2005). Hamas. Chicago: The Other Press.

Hamas Middle East
The group labeled as HAMAS is spread mostly throughout the Middle East and the North African region with its highest concentrations within Gaza Strip & est Bank. Additional countries where HAMAS has known concentrations include Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Sudan, Libya, and most other Arabic and some Asian countries. The concentration within these countries remains unclear according to intelligence reports from the CIA. However, other sources indicate that there are HAMAS terror cells in clandestine areas in these aforementioned countries.

The HAMAS organization is divided and assembled into strategic cells that are designated to perform surreptitious activity including the providing security, task-force operations and logistics, arsenal development, and planning and recruitment of new members. The clandestine nature of their operations renders an approximation to their numbers to be of a large variance. Additionally, the replacement factor of a new member into the role of a deceased member ensures a…...

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Works Cited

i. Matt Rees, et al. "Inside HAMAS." Time 163.14 (2004): 44-53. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 18 Dec. 2010.

ii. "Hamas." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition (2010): 1. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 18 Dec. 2010.

iii. Dr. Seif Da'na. "Islamic Resistance In Palestine: Hamas, The Gaza War And The Future Of Political Islam" Holy Land Studies: A Multidisciplinary Journal (Edinburgh University Press) November 1, 2009

iv. Dr. Seif Da'na. "Islamic Resistance In Palestine: Hamas, The Gaza War And The Future Of Political Islam" Holy Land Studies: A Multidisciplinary Journal (Edinburgh University Press) November 1, 2009

Hamas
Often when people think of the word "Hamas," it becomes intrinsically linked with Islamic and Muslim peoples. This is highly unfair. Hamas is actually a very limited population of Palestinian and Islamic extremists. In the book Hamas: a History from ithin, author Azzam Tamimi (2007) brings the reader into the world of the Hamas and explains to the rest of the world how things really were. One of the focuses of the text is the ways in which the nation state of Israel has erred in its dealings with the Hamas. Had the Israelis made better decisions, he seems to argue, a lot of the animosity between the Israeli government and the rest of the Middle East would not be present. This takes the stance that Israel is the real perpetrator of wrongdoing, but that does not seem to be the truth.

The security fence erected by the Israeli government in…...

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Works Cited:

Avineri, Shlomo. (2005). "Straddling the Fence." Foreign Policy, (147), 72-73.

Bard, Mitchell (2010). "Israel's Security Fence." The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise.

Baskin, G. (2002). "Walls and Fences: Consequences for Israel and Palestine." Palestine-Israel

Journal of Politics, Economics & Culture, 9(3), 7.

S. In the Middle East. The links between Hamas and Iran and Hezbollah are very concerning for U.S. Also, U.S. is historically close to Israel and therefore supports the cause of this state. The demand of U.S. And Israel is that Hamas renounces using terrorist attacks and recognizes the state of Israel and the agreements made between Palestine and Israel. If Hamas continues its terrorist practices, U.S. And Israel threatened to cut off any humanitarian aid given to the Palestinians. This decision could be problematic because it will then make Hamas turn to Iran and other countries which are declared as anti-American.
One characteristic of terrorist groups is that they use suicide attacks as weapons in their war. Hamas also relies heavily in making its voice heard on violent suicide attacks, which are seen as its asymmetric warfare against Israel. Hamas used suicide attacks in order to bomb civilian facilities such…...

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Bibliography

Aftergood, Steven,

HAMAS - the Islamic Resistance Movement, updated March 8, 2006, available at  http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/hamas.htm ;

Hamas, available at  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas ;

Hamas, June 8, 2007, available at  http://www.cfr.org/publication/8968/ #1;

Shortly before the bombing, the bomber records a video testament and then repeatedly watches it and other videos made by his predecessors. Hamas assures the bombers their deaths will be painless and that dozens of virgins await them in paradise. The average bombing costs about $150 (Hamas, 2009).
Hamas enjoys strong financial backing from Iran an estimated $20 - $30 million along with private benefactors and Muslim charities in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states. Its budget has been estimated at $70 million and 85% of it reportedly comes from abroad. The remaining 15% is raised among Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza. A number of Americans and U.S.-based charities have been accused of funneling money to Hamas. It is estimated that Saudi Arabia continues to channel $12 - $14 million to Hamas every year (Hamas Fact Sheet, 2006).

Hamas is believed to have killed more than five hundred people…...

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References

Hamas. (2009). Retrieved March 26, 2009, from Council on Foreign Relations Web site:

 http://www.cfr.org/publication/8968/ 

Hamas (Islamic Resistance Movement). (2008). Retrieved March 26, 2009, from FAS Web site:

 http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/hamas.htm

They are determined to remove Jews from the area, and how they do it does not matter.
Hamas has used suicide bombings as a weapon and attack since 1993 (Editors, 2007). They use suicide bombers in a majority of cases, but have also claimed to use "mortars, short-range rockets, and small arms fire" (Editors, 2007). Their criminal activity includes these attacks, but most of their funding comes from legitimate sources, including private donors and Iran. There are also some Muslim charities in the west who fund the social aspects and work of Hamas, and now that Hamas has won elections, it will have public funds at its disposal, as well (Editors, 2007).

Hamas has wide community and regional support by Palestinians and others who support the creation of a Palestinian state and the destruction of Israel. However, support for the group dropped after the recent attacks by Israel in retaliation for…...

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References

Darwish, a. (2006, March). After Hamas victory, now Israelis go to the polls. The Middle East 12+.

Editors. (2007). Hamas. Retrieved from the Council on foreign relations Web site:   May 2007.http://www.cfr.org/publication/8968/ 16

Gerson, a. (2006, February 12). Hamas and Libya: A world apart. The Washington Times, p. B04.

Mishal, S., & Sela, a. (2000). The Palestinian Hamas: Vision, violence, and coexistence. New York: Columbia University Press.

The Al-Aqsa Intifadah (which began, I believe, in about 2000 when the Camp David talks were then stalling) was begun by PLO and still exists today (much less actively than from about 2000 to about 2004, roughly) under the PLO umbrella.
3) Democratic nations including Great Britain and the United States have long called for democratic elections in Palestine. Now that Hamas was the unexpected winner of the first elections, should it be recognized by the United States?

No; at least not officially, since Hamas has been from its 1987 outset, and clearly is today, an overtly, aggressively and ruthlessly terrorist organization recognized internationally as such. Still, Hamas should definitely be talked to by the United States, as horrendous a prospect as that might well seem (and is). And unfortunately, it has become almost risible in today's world that Great Britain or the United States could still even semi-seriously think Palestinians…...

"
Putin reiterated that ussia does not consider Hamas a terrorist organization, and urged the global community to work with a Hamas-led Palestinian government.

"Hamas has arrived at the doors of power through legitimate elections," Putin said. "We must respect the Palestinian people and we have to look for solutions for the Palestinian people, for the international community, and also for Israel. Contacts with Hamas must continue," he added. (Hamas not a terror organization)

The leaders of Hamas have some chance to make an alliance with Israeli leaders that would allow them to gain an unencumbered claim to some territory and gain some support from Western leaders. There has been some attempt to do this. In 2008, former President Jimmy Carter worked with Hamas leader Khaled Meshal to reach an agreement that Hamas would agree to a truce with Israel if and when the Palestinian people agreed to a Palestinian state in the…...

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References

Ayyash, M. (2010). Hamas and the Israeli state: A 'violent dialogue'. European journal of international relations 16 (1): 103-123.

Carter Says Hamas and Syria Are Open for Peace. (22 April 2008). New York times.

Hamas covenant. Retrieved 15 March 2010 from  http://www.mideastweb.org/hamas.htm 

Hamas is not a terrorist organization. Retrieved 16 March 2010 from  http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3213707,00.html

Much like the announced plans by President-elect Barack Obama to launch the most massive public works program since orld ar II by investing in the nation's highways and bridges, the same approach was used by the newly installed Israeli government to stimulate the economy. This approach, though, was considered a comprise approach since there were vastly differing views on what issues should be made priorities following the Oslo Peace Accords (Alterman 141). According to this author, "The shift of priorities was visible on the ground within a year or two: major highways and interchanges, long-neglected by the Likud governments, were upgraded. Environmental projects received public funds. Even the long-neglected rail system received a boost, which though modest was nevertheless its largest since pre-State British Mandate times" (Alterman 141). Despite this shift in priorities over the years, Israeli expansion and Palestinian statehood remain at the forefront of the ongoing and…...

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Works Cited

Alterman, Rachelle. Planning in the Face of Crisis: Land Use, Housing and Mass Immigration in Israel. London: Routledge, 2002.

Bird, Eugene. (1998, March). "With Oslo Accords in Shambles, a President Who Let it Happen Feels Shackled by Both Old and New Mistakes." Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, Special Report 15-16.

Details of the Oslo Peace Accords. (2008). Palestine Facts. [Online]. Available: http://Palestinefacts.org/pf_1991to_now_oslo_accords.php.

Dunsky, Marda. (2001). "Missing: The Bias Implicit in the Absent." Arab Studies Quarterly, 23(3), 1.

In the event the intelligence detailed by the Israeli administration proves to be accurate with respect to nuclear weapons development, this office is reminded of the words of the late President John, F. Kennedy, spoken almost exactly 45 years ago to the day, on October 22, 1962, addressing the Soviet threat in Cuba:
We no longer live in a world where only the actual firing of weapons represents a sufficient challenge to a nation's security to constitute maximum peril. Nuclear weapons are so destructive and ballistic missiles are so swift that any substantially increased possibility of their use or any sudden change in their deployment may well be regarded as a definite threat to peace." (Sorensen, 1965)

Extraordinary risks to national security demand (and justify) extraordinary actions to prevent them from materializing. A military response will be required to participate with Israel in destroying Iranian nuclear facilities either in possession of…...

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References

Allison, G. (2004) Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe.

Henry Holt: New York

Dershowitz, a. (2002) Why Terrorism Works: Understanding the Threat,

Responding to the Challenge. Yale University Press: New Haven

Media Control in Egypt
The media in Egypt is much more controlled than in many other countries, including the United States. That control began with President Gamal Abdel Nasser, moved through Anwar Sadat, and then on to Hosni Mubarak. During that time, the television and newspapers were strictly controlled, and only what the president wanted people to see was placed in them. There is significant evidence that the control of the media in Egypt was done largely to oppress the people, and to make sure they were only hearing and seeing what the government wanted them to hear and see. Social, political, and economic factors are all significant in the control of the Egyptian media, which many believe should be uncontrolled and independent. That would allow it to provide actual, factual information, instead of only what the government agreed that the people were allowed to know.

Introduction

The Egyptian media is an important…...

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References

Amin, Hussein, and I- Chapter One: General Status. "Report on the State of the Media in Egypt." The Arab Center for the Development of the Rule of Law and Integrity Project Title: Strengthening the Rule of Law and Integrity in the Arab World Report on the State of the Media in Egypt Second Draft Author: Dr. Hussein Amin. Arab Rule of Law. (n.d.). Web.

"Egypt." Freedom House. 2012. Web.

Elmasry, Mohamed Hamas. Journalism with Restraint: A Comparative Content Analysis of Independent, Government, and Opposition Newspapers in Pre-Revolution Egypt. 2012. Web.

El Zahed, Hala. "Egyptian Press and the Transition to Democracy." Egyptian Press and the Transition to Democracy: A Study of the Conditions and Challenges Facing National Print Media Post. 2011. Web.

Terrorism Linked to Religion These Days?
Although terrorism has been present ever since the beginning of recorded history, defining it may prove to be slightly controversial task. There is no universally shared definition as it's a highly subjective term that depends upon the point-of-view of the observer. However, there are three perspectives from which terrorism can be looked at and then defined. These perspectives include the terrorist's, the victim's and the general publics.

The phrase "one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter" is one that even terrorists may re-affirm, thus asserting the controversial nature of the term itself. The following definition released by the United States FBI, can be used to describe the nature of modern day terrorism:

"The unlawful use of force or persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives" (U.S. Department of Justice,…...

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Work Cited

Adas, J., 2010. Mazin Qumsiyeh on the History and Practice Of Nonviolent Palestinian Resistance, s.l.: s.n.

Akram, M., 2008. Pakistan, Terrorism and Drugs. [Online]

Available at:   [Accessed 17 October 2009].http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/19/opinion/lweb22pakistan.html?_r=1&ref=opinion 

Anon., 1988. Hamas Charter. [Online]

There will always be terrorist organizations such as Hamas, it seems, but with the Palestinians and Israelis getting along diplomatically, it could lead to better relationships with other countries, as well, and it could lead to a much stronger unity between the countries in the Middle East. This should be a long-term goal of the peace process, to bring an end to tension throughout the entire region, so they can concentrate on other elements of society and government.
In conclusion, the oad Map for Peace in the Middle East still seems to be a long way from conclusion. Israel has stopped all construction in East Jerusalem, another are under contention in the peace process, and talks are still going on bi-weekly between the two parties (as of the end of February, at least). A lasting peace would bring a new decade of hope to the region, and a new peace…...

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References

Bush, George W. "Joint Understanding Read by President Bush at Annapolis Conference." WhiteHouse.gov. 2007. 9 June 2008.  http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/11/print/20071127.html 

Editors. "A Performance-Based Road Map to a Permanent Two-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict." 2002. UN.org. 9 June 2008.  http://www.un.org/media/main/RoadMap122002.html 

Migdalovitz, Carol. "Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process: The Annapolis Conference." 2007. U.S. Department of State. 2008. 9 June 2008.  http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/98093.pdf 

Rice, Condoleezza. "Press Conference." U.S. Department of State. 2008. 9 June 2008.  http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2007/12/97945.htm

Terrorist Groups Are Aligning to Conduct Global Terrorism.
Terrorism used to be a topic limited to only certain sectors of the world, such as the Middle East or South Africa. However, in recent years, it appears that no one is safe in any part of the world. A growing number of countries must take measures to protect citizens and visitors from the threat of terrorism. The Unites States is the latest addition to this list. It has become evident in recent years that terrorism is not a localized event any more, but has become an increasing global problem. It has also become obvious that terrorism requires a global solution as well. Evidence has been mounting that terrorist groups are beginning to connect and form alliances. This gives them greater strength and greater resources. It seems that they are finding common ground and are beginning to coordinate efforts. This will be the…...

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Works Cited

Office of the Secretary Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (OSOCC) U.S. Department Of State. 1994 April: Patterns Of Global Terrorism, 1993. Department of State Publication 10136. 1994.   Accessed December 2002http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2000/2441.htm .

U.S. State Department (USSD) (1996) State-Sponsored Terrorism. 1995 Patterns of Global Terrorism. April, 1996. USIA Electronic Journal, Vol. 2, No. 1, February 1997. Retrieved at Accessed December, 2002.http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itgic/0297/ijge/gj-9.htm.

United Stated Department of State (USDS) (1996a). Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1995. The Year in Review Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism. Department of State Publication. Embassy of the United States of America. Dag Hammarskjlds V g 31, SE-115 89 Stockholm. Released April 1996. Retrieved at  

The geographic distinctions are important, as the Palestinians are divided geographically, with the Gaza Strip separated from the West ank by the country of Israel, with more Palestinians living within Israel.
The Fatah faction of the PLO emerged as the one group with sustainable political power, lead by Yasir Arafat. However, marked Islamic fundamentalism, as exemplified by Hamas was an important influence. Various groups had developed in Gaza and in the West bank, and even within the relatively effective Fatah, infighting between those who did not want to compromise with Israel in any way and those who believed gains could be made through compromise was quite marked (Emerson, 1997).

AFTER THE INTIFADA

Unfortunately the disagreements between the various factions among the Palestinians has led to serious violence. In 1997 "death squads" went through neighborhoods executing those they felt were aiding the Israelis in some way. Some of these executions were quite brutal.…...

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Bibliography

Bligh, Alexander. 1999. "The Intifada and the New Political Role of the Israeli Arab Leadership." Middle Eastern Studies, January.

Emerson, Steven. 1997. "Meltdown: the end of the intifada." The New Republic, November 23.

Goell, Yosef. 1989. "Israel's Arabs: the 'intifada' comes home." The New Republic, October.

Kuttab, Daoud 1988. "Beyond the intifada: the struggle to build a nation (Palestine)." The Nation, October 17.

I. Introduction
A. Overview of the construction of manhood in The Bahamas
B. Thesis statement: The portrayal of masculinity in The Bahamas is shifting towards a more negative and destructive form, as seen in the rise of the "bad boys" image

II. Historical background of manhood in The Bahamas
A. Traditional roles and expectations of men in Bahamian society
B. Impact of colonialism on the construction of masculinity
C. Evolution of manhood in The Bahamas over time

III. The rise of the "bad boys" image
A. Influence of popular culture and media on shaping perceptions of masculinity
B. Socioeconomic factors contributing....

Title: The Israeli War on Hamas

Introduction:
The conflict between Israel and Hamas, a militant Palestinian group, has been ongoing for years. The Israeli government has engaged in various military operations to combat the threat posed by Hamas. This essay will examine the reasons behind the Israeli war on Hamas and the implications of this conflict on both sides.

Body Paragraph 1:
One of the main reasons for the Israeli war on Hamas is the group's consistent attacks on Israeli civilians. Hamas has launched numerous rocket attacks on Israeli cities, causing fear and destruction. The Israeli government has a responsibility to protect its citizens....

The Profound Significance of Titles in News Reports on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A Linguistic Battleground

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, a protracted and complex struggle spanning decades, has been relentlessly covered by news outlets worldwide. Amidst the barrage of information, headlines emerge as potent gatekeepers, shaping public perception and influencing narratives. The title of a news report on this conflict is not merely a label but a strategic tool, a linguistic weapon employed to sway opinions and advance particular agendas.

Framing the Conflict: A Battle of Perspectives

Headlines often serve as a condensed synopsis of the accompanying article, providing a glimpse into the story's essence.....

Introduction:

The Israeli war on Hamas has been a long-standing conflict that has had significant implications for both parties involved. This essay will explore the history of the conflict, the reasons behind it, and the impact it has had on the region.

History of the conflict:

The conflict between Israel and Hamas dates back to the founding of the state of Israel in 1948. Hamas, a militant Islamic organization, was founded in the late 1980s with the goal of establishing an Islamic state in the region and opposing the existence of Israel. Since then, there have been multiple conflicts between the two parties,....