The task of rebuilding a land built by blood would be overwhelming to any leader and any people. Revolutionary heroes like Dessalines tried to "make independence truly meaningful" by attempting radical reform projects including land redistribution. Such radical policies, however well-intentioned, rarely work out smoothly.
The Haitian Revolution was successful in that it liberated a nation from colonial mental, political, and economic oppression and liberated its people from literal bonds of slavery. Important lessons can be learned from the Haitian Revolution, lessons that can apply equally in the twenty-first century as to the eighteenth and nineteenth. First, no revolution is meaningless, and certainly no emancipation is meaningless. Second, no revolution is without bloodshed but neither is a revolution without glory and triumph. Third, progress occurs. The Haitian Revolution, sometimes referred to as the "daughter of the French Revolution," paved the way for future slave revolts (Gerard). Although Haiti remains devastated…...
mlaWorks Cited
Girard, Philippe. "Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Review)." Latin American Politics & Society; Spring2005, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p138.
Nesbitt, Nick. "Troping Toussaint, Reading Revolution." Research in African Literatures; Summer2004, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p18.
Paravisini-Gebert, Lizabeth. "The Haitian Revolution in Interstices and Shadows: A Re-reading of Alejo Carpentier's the Kingdom of This World." Research in African Literatures; Summer2004, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p114
Toussaint succeeded to gain people's trust and support in is revolutionary ideas precisely because e disagreed wit te first manifestations of revolt against te Frenc. Tey were conducted temselves only by rules of destruction. After te defeat and condemnation of Oge, te new risings swept across te island: "Te slaves awoke as if from an ominous dream. Under one of teir class, named Boukman, a man of Herculean strengt, wo knew not wat danger was, te negroes on te nigt of August 21st, 1791, arose in te terrific power of brute force. Gaining immediate success, tey rapidly increased in numbers, and grew ot wit fury. Tey fell on te plantations, slaugtered teir proprietors, and destroyed te property. Suc progress did te insurrection make, tat on te 26t, te tird of te abitations of te Nortern Department were in ases. In a week from its commencement te storm ad swept over…...
mlahttp://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/beard63/beard63.html
Toussaint Louverture. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved: Oct 15, 2009. Available at: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/600902/Toussaint-Louverture
Mossell, Charles.W. Gragnon-Lacoste, Thomas Prosper. Toussaint Louverture, the Hero of Saint Domingo. 1890.. Ward & Cobb, 1896
Connection between the Haitian Revolution to Todays Violent Social UnrestIntroductionThe historical record confirms that, given enough time and motivation, people will rise up and slay their oppressors. The process may only require a few days, weeks or months in some cases while it requires years, decades or even centuries in others, but the outcome is always predictable because humans will only tolerate cruel abuse and existential threats for so long before they act, even if this requires violence. This was the case in the late 18th century when Toussaint LOuverture led a successful revolution of almost one-half million slaves in Haiti against their hated French occupiers and overseers who were exploiting the islands population and natural resources for their own unjust enrichment.[footnoteRef:1] The pyrrhic victory that was achieved in the Haitian Revolution held special implications for the United States since this event sent shock waves through the slave-holding states where…...
mlaReferencesCharles, Jean Max (2020, May). The Slave Revolt That Changed the World and the Conspiracy Against It: The Haitian Revolution and the Birth of Scientific Racism. Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 275-294.Eddins, Crystal (2020, October). ‘Rejoice! Your wombs will not beget slaves!\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\' Marronnage as Reproductive Justice in Colonial Haiti. Gender & History, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 562-580.Free and Enslaved Black Americans and the Challenge to Slavery. American Yawp. [online] available: people” (2021). CIA World Factbook. [online] available: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/haiti/.Erica Johnson (2019, February). Finding a Time and Place for the Haitian Revolution. The History Teacher, Vol. 52, No. 7, pp. 320-329.The slave trade in Haiti. (2019). Bitter Sweet Monthly. [online] available: https://bittersweet monthly.com.Derrick R. Spires (2020, June 30). Dreams of a revolution deferred. Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture. [online] available: https://blog.oieahc.wm. edu/dreams-of-a-revolution-deferred/.http://www.americanyawp.com/text/07-the-early-republic/ .“Haitian
The film is subdued and takes great care not to hurt sentiments of the white population and also avoids the probable civil unrest that may be caused with the coloured community watching it, if it was to be made in depth. The director has stopped with pointing to the facts rather than explore the possibilities as a film. Therefore there has been no bias except that there was a tighter reign in exploring the issues.
4) - What are the director's visible goals? What did he/she try to do with this movie? What might be his/her thesis?
She probably wanted to highlight the plight of the Haitians and their history and that was sought to be done through their hero -- a person who gave them the constitution and stood up to Napoleon. However the thesis failed because neither was she able to present us the personality of the central character…...
mlaReferences
Documentary. (n. d.) "Egalite for All. Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution"
Retrieved 12 April, 2013 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6F5dXqTCfo
Facebook. (2013) "Facebook" Retrieved 12 April, 2013 from https://www.facebook.com/paste1
IMBD. (2013a) "Egalite for All. Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution"
Atlantic Revolutions and How the Structure of the Atlantic World Created the Environment for These Revolutionary Movements to Form
The objective of this study is to examine the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions, known as the Atlantic Revolutions and to answer as to how the structure of the Atlantic World created the environment for these revolutionary movements to form. The North American Revolution took place between 1775 and 1878. The French Revolution took place between 1789 and 1815, and the Haitian Revolution between 1971 and 1804 and finally the Spanish American Revolutions between 1810 and 1825. These revolutions were found because of the issues of slavery, nations and nationalism, and the beginnings of feminism. In fact, the entire century from 1750 to 1850 was a century of revolutions. Political revolutions occurred in North America, France, Haiti, and Spanish South America. All of the revolutions were derived from ideas concerning Enlightenment. Revolution…...
mlaBibliography
13h. The Age of Atlantic Revolutions (2012) U.S. History: Pre-Colombian to the New Millennium. Retrieved from: http://www.ushistory.org/us/13h.asp
Klooster, W. (2009) Revolutions in the Atlantic World: A comparative history. Retrieved from: http://books.google.com/books?id=8A-PwV_3zkcC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=culture&f=false
Vaughn et al. (2003) report that the identification of LD students has increased upwards of 200% since 1977, with explanations ranging from a likely outcome of the growing knowledge field, to LD as a field serving as a sink for the failures of general education to meet the needs of students of varying abilities. The study investigators find that not only is the heterogeneity of the identified students quite wide, they also find that many students are overrepresented (misidentified) or underrepresented (unidentified). One large problem is the use of IQ tests to identify those students as learning disabled. Using standardized tests fails to accurately identify those students who either have reading difficulties or those students whose first language is not English. More emphasis is needed on response to instruction type models of assessment and intervention to replace ineffective normalized standards for identifying students at risk and properly placing students for…...
mlaBibliography
Aaron, P. (1997). The Impending Demise of the Discrepancy Formula. Review of Educational Research, 461-502.
Abedi, J. (2008). Psychometric Issues in the ELL Assessment and Special Education Eligibility. Teachers College Record, 2282-2303.
Ang, S., Van Dynne, L., Koh, C., Ng, K., Templar, K., Tay, C., et al. (2007). Cultural Intelligence: Its Measurement and Effects on Cultural Judgment and Decision Making, Cultural Adaptation and Task Performance. Management and Organization Review, 335-371.
August, D., Carlo, M., Dressler, C., & Snow, C. (2005). The Critical Role of Vocabulary Development for English Language Learners. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 50-57.
Cocks Fight: Dominicans, Haitians, and the Struggle for Hispaniola
The American writer and free lance journalist Michele Wucker in her first book has written about both Haiti and the Dominican epublic complex relations in terms of their cultures and on the sources of their great effort both in their island home as well as in the United States.
According to the book, the Caribbean island of Hispaniola is home to historic, where this continuing conflict between two countries has been intensely separated by language, race and history. However, at the same time it has been forced continuously into argument by their shared geography. The book is emotional from the beginning with the fighting and posturing of blood sport, as observed by the writer in her first Haitian cockfight (1):
The air cracks with the impact of stiffened feathers as each bird tries to push the other to the ground. Around the ring,…...
mlaReferences
1. Bob Corbett. Why The Cocks Fight: Dominicans, Haitians And The Struggle For Hispaniola
By Michele Wucker. New York: Hill & Wang. May 1999
2. Rob Ruck. Why The Cocks Fight: Dominicans, Haitians, And The Struggle For Hispaniola by Michele Wucker. "A history of Hispaniola." August, 1999.
A www.post-gazette.com
Legba the Voodoo Spirit in estern and African Art
Voodoo is a religious practice with followers throughout the Caribbean region, particularly in Haiti and in parts of Africa where the religion spread through the introduction of the slave trade to the continent. Those who practice Haitian voodoo are called vodouists. They believe in a polytheistic system wherein each spirit, or loa sometimes spelled lwa, is responsible for one aspect of human experience (Holmes). Human beings cultivate a personal relationship with the loa and choose one particular spirit as the guiding force of their life. This is true except for the highest gods who were too busy to deign to give their attentions to mere mortals (Deren 55). Sometimes they are even granted conversation and communication with the gods if they are fortunate enough to receive permission to do so. Those who practiced Haitian voodoo did so with an unwavering devotion and…...
mlaWorks Cited:
Brewster, Robert. "Papa Legba, Head of the Gods in Voodoo." Yahoo. Yahoo! Inc., 15 Mar. 2010. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. .
Davies, Carole Elizabeth. Encyclopedia of the African Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008. Print.
Deren, Maya. Divine Horsemen: The Living Gods of Haiti. New Paltz, NY: McPherson, 1983.
Print.
.. reason is being heard throughout the whole universe; discover your rights," led to her being charged with treason, resulting in her arrest, trial and execution in 1793 by the dreaded guillotine (1997, Halsall, "Olympe de Gouge," Internet).
The Haitian evolution:
While all of this revolt was happening in France, the small Caribbean colony of Haiti was experiencing similar turmoil. The Haitian evolution of 1789 to 1804 began as a political struggle among the free peoples of Saint Domingue, a French colony on the island of Hispaniola. The French evolution of the same period provided the impetus for class and racial hatreds to come about on the island. Each of the colony's social classes, being the wealthy planters and merchants, and the lower white classes, seized the chance to address their grievances and bring about social chaos and revolt. While many colonial members sought support from the political groups in France, the…...
mlaReferences
Carpentier, Alejo. (2004). "The Kingdom of the World." Internet. November 12, 2004. Accessed June 10, 2005. http://www.msu.edu/~williss2/carpentier .
Declaration of the Rights of Man -- 1789." Internet. The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Accessed June 10, 2005. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/rightsof.htm .
Halsall, Paul (1997). "Olympe de Gouge: Declaration of the Rights of Women, 1791." Internet. Modern History Sourcebook. Accessed June 10, 2005. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1791degouge1.html .
Enlightenment
Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. Silencing the Past. Beacon Press, 1997.
Much as historical individuals in real space and time make claims about their own importance and their proposed role in the future, early on in his own text the historian Michel-Rolph Trouillot states that the prospective project of his book, Silencing the Past, is to tell a theoretical tale about the relationship between history and power. He attempts to analyze how historical narratives are produced. In other words, Trouillot sees history as a narrative, as a production, rather than as a series of factual, unbroken events. "Human beings participate in history both as participants and as narrators," says Trouillot. (2)
This point-of-view of history, because it employs a literary as well as a factual understanding of historical narrative, perhaps inevitably suggests that the production of historical narratives involves the uneven contribution of competing groups and individuals. Individuals at specific historical moments in time will…...
School Faculty Council selects Doctor Psychology student person represents academic excellence, leadership, service field psychology. Write a position statement essay related a Diversity Scholarship applying
Diversity scholarship
At present I am pursuing a PhD in organizational development and leadership with a specific concentration in social media and technology. I have chosen to pursue this degree because I believe in the future there will be an even greater need for organizations to respond to the needs of a diverse workforce and customers in a culturally-sensitive manner. As someone who is of Haitian heritage, I have always been acutely aware on a personal level of the need for responsiveness to an individual's ethnic and racial background. Many people have misconceptions about Haiti because they know the country only through the images they have been presented with on the news. They think of it as a land solely characterized by poverty and turmoil and…...
The manner in which consumer goods can affect human affairs, however, differs. hile demand for certain consumer goods can lead to oppression, the way people demand consumer goods may also destroy oppressive practices. hen Britons demanded sugar with no regard to the way sugar and coffee they enjoyed for the breakfast were produced, slavery flourished. But when the Britons began to demand goods that they believed were not causing slavery, the change of tastes undermined slave trade and contributed to the ending of slavery. hile tobacco and cotton were not as important at the time as sugar, they played a similar function in abolitionist and independence movements that fought against slavery.
The function of consumer goods is also linked to material culture. This was the case in the eighteenth century, as books by Dubois and Carrigus and Hochschild demonstrate. European colonial practices that led to the enslavement of tens of…...
mlaWorks Cited
Dubois, Laurent and John D. Carrigus. Slave Revolution in the Caribbean, 1789-1804: A Brief History with Documents. Boston: St. Martin's Press, 2006. Print.
Hochschild, Adam. Bury the Chain: Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire's Slaves. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. Print.
NYC African Restaurants
African Restaurants
African Restaurants in NYC
The restaurant's soft industrial lighting makes the chrome gleam. A soft and expansive backdrop of blue gives the space a cool and slightly futuristic industrial like a hip loft in the future. Exposed brick walls are tinged in a blue sheen and the distressed wood chairs and tables have been stained steel gray and have marble table tops. In three weeks, Cisse Elhadji, the owner of Ponty Bistro in Midtown, will open his new restaurant La Terengea. Located at 144 West 139th St., the restaurant us nestled in between the Hudson and Harlem rivers a few blocks west of the City College of New York. The location of the restaurant is quite lucrative given its relative proximity to both Central Park as well as Yankee Stadium.
Though Elhadji has succeeded once with an African restaurant, La Teregenga is still a gamble. For the first time…...
noble savage..." etc.
The Noble, Savage Age of Revolution
When Europeans first came to America, they discovered that their providentially discovered "New World" was already inhabited by millions of native peoples they casually labeled the "savages." In time, Europeans would decimate this population, killing between 95-99% of the 12 million plus inhabitants of the Northern Continent, and as many in the south. efore this genocide was complete, however, the culture of the natives would significantly influence the philosophy and politics of the nations that conquered them. The native societies, with their egalitarian social structures, natural absence of disease, communal sharing of resources, and their lifestyles in which work was easily balanced with art and play, seemed like something Europeans had lost when Adam and Eve left Eden. "Native societies, especially in America, reminded Europeans of imagined golden worlds known to them only in folk history. . . Created of European wish-fulfillment,…...
mlaBibliography
Grinder, Donald & Johansen, Bruce. Exemplar of Liberty: Native America and the Evolution of Democracy, 7th draft. Los Angeles: UCLA, 1990. [nonpaginated ebook available from: http://www.ratical.org/many_worlds/6Nations/EoL/index.html#ToC ]
Johansen, Bruce. Forgotten Founders: Benjamin Franklin, the Iroquois and the Rationale for the American Revolution. Boston: Harvard Common Press, 1982. [nonpaginated ebook format from: http://www.ratical.org/many_worlds/6Nations/FF.txt ]
Peace
Freedom is the Foundation of Peace. Without freedom, there is no peace. America, by nature, stands for freedom, and we must always remember, we benefit when it expands. So we must stand by those nations moving toward freedom. We must stand up to those nations who deny freedom and threaten our neighbors or our vital interests. We must assert emphatically that the future will belong to the free. Today's world is different from the one we faced just several years ago. We are no longer divided into armed camps, locked in a careful balance of terror. Yet, freedom still has enemies. Our present dangers are less concentrated and more varied. They come from rogue nations, from terrorism, from missiles that threaten our forces, our friends, our allies and our homeland.
Since the signing of the Treaty of Ryswick between the kingdoms of Spain and France in 1697, the island of…...
mlaBibliography
"Beginning of Diplomatic Relations." Department of Foreign Affairs and International Relations. (January 2004) Retrieved June 3, 2005 from http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca /latinamerica/haitirelations-en.asp.
Graham, Andrew. "Canada bolsters support to Haiti." Media Relations Office
Canadian International Development Agency. (July 2004) Retrieved June 3, 2005 from
I. Introduction
A. Thesis statement: Zora Neale Hurston was a pioneering literary figure whose works defied conventional representations of race, gender, and sexuality in the early 20th century.
B. Hurston's biographical background and literary context
II. Breaking Boundaries in Race and Gender
A. Challenging stereotypes in "Their Eyes Were Watching God": Janie Crawford's journey toward self-discovery and autonomy
B. Exploring the nuances of black womanhood in "The Gilded Six-Bits" and "Sweat": Depictions of love, violence, and resilience
III. Embracing the African Diaspora
A. Preserving cultural traditions in "Mules and Men" and "Tell My Horse": Folklore, music, and storytelling as expressions of black identity
B. Celebrating Haitian Vodou in....
Chapter 1: Ancient Civilizations
The Rise and Fall of the Sumerian City-States
The Indus Valley Civilization: Unraveling the Enigma
The Ancient Egyptian Civilization: Pyramids, Pharaonic Power, and Daily Life
The Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations: Maritime Masters of the Aegean
The Zhou Dynasty and the Birth of Chinese Civilization
Chapter 2: Classical Civilizations
The Athenian Golden Age: Democracy, Philosophy, and the Arts
The Roman Empire: Conquests, Governance, and the Pax Romana
The Mauryan Empire: From Chandragupta to Ashoka's Legacy
The Hellenistic World: A Syncretic Blend of Greek and Persian Cultures
The Han Dynasty: China's Ascendancy and Technological Innovations
Chapter 3: Medieval Civilizations
The....
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