Since the nation gained independence from Spain it has been ruled by a chain of military dictatorships ("Guatemalan Culture and History"). Guatemala has also run into some territorial disputes with neighboring nations like Belize and in fact land disputes with Belize continue today.
More recent political strife included a civil war that lasted 36 years and which took the lives of over 200,000 people ("Country profile: Guatemala"). In the wake of that war, Guatemala has been unable to successfully overcome its social and economic inequities. Corruption endemic in the government impedes the development of effective economic and social programs. Fortunately, freedom of the press is "enshrined in Guatemala's constitution and newspapers freely criticize the government," ("Country profile: Guatemala"). Therefore, in spite of the high literacy rates throughout the country, Guatemalans remain relatively well-informed about the issues affecting their lives and the lives of their compatriots. The main public university, University…...
mlaWorks Cited
Country profile: Guatemala." BBC. 12 July 2006. Retrieved Aug 4, 2006 at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1215758.stm
Antigua Guatemala Coffee
Antigua Guatemala International (AGI) will be a manufacturer and exporter of Guatemalan coffee to Japan and the global. AGI will use a new system in the food and beverage industry to offer Antigua Guatemala coffee in a time-efficient and convenient way. AGI will provide vendors, retailers, and cafes with the ability to buy freshly brewed Antigua Guatemala coffee. It will be a high quality option to the institutional coffee and fast foods markets. It will give its patrons the finest cold and hot beverages, specializing in Antigua Guatemala coffee and other custom made drinks. Additionally, it will offer fresh-baked pastries, soft drinks and other confections. Seasonally, AGI will add frozen Antigua Guatemala coffee. It will compete with companies such as Wallenford Coffee Company and Blue Mountain Coffee, which have already established a presence in Japan. The business will focus on two major target markets:
Coffee shops and restaurants
The captive…...
mlaReferences
Abrams, R.M. (2010). The successful business plan: Secrets & strategies. Palo Alto, Calif: The Planning Shop.
Blackwell, E. (2011). How to prepare a business plan. London: Kogan Page.
Finch, B. (2013). How to Write a Business Plan. London: Kogan Page.
Appendices
igoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala by igoberta Menchu. Specifically, it will contain an interpretive essay regarding the book. igoberta Menchu's book is the story of a young girl coming of age in her homeland, and the story of her people, the Indians of Guatemala. It is not a tender story; it is filled with violence and oppression. igoberta's story is one of a determined people who will fight for what they believe in, but is their way of life worth fighting and dying for?
igoberta Menchu is a Quiche Indian woman from Guatemala who tells her own life story in this remarkable book. A Paris anthropologist recorded her in a series of interviews, and transcribed them to become this tale of growing up in a vastly different country from our own. Menchu was born in 1959, and by the time she was eight, she was working with her…...
mlaReferences
Menchu, Rigoberta. I, Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala. Ed. Elisabeth Burgos-Debray. New York: Verso, 1984.
Inspired by national liberation ideology such as that which led to the Cuban evolution, the evolutions in Guatemala, Nicaragua, and El Salvador share some key features in common. All three of these Central American revolutions were anti-imperialist calls for social justice. They all presented serious challenges to the United States, which enjoyed a hegemonic power throughout the region. American foreign policy depended upon the very regimes the people of Guatemala, Nicaragua, and El Salvador endeavored to overcome.
Nicaragua kick-started the revolutionary fervor among its neighbors when in 1979 the Sandinista National Liberation Front toppled the Somoza family's imperialist dictatorship. The Sandinista revolution was "an extraordinary event that reverberated throughout Latin America and the United States," (Keen and Haynes 438). While this caused "gloom and disarray" among American politicians, the Sandinistas "heartened Latin American revolutionaries, their supporters, and all the democratic forces of the region," (Keen and Haynes 438).The Nicaraguan revolution was…...
mlaReference
Keen, Benjamin and Haynes, Keith. A History of Latin America. Houghton Mifflin, 2009.
It also talks about multicultural politics and demands throughout Central America. The article discusses the "cultural project" of the indigenous people that is helping their voices be heard.
This reading relates to the others because it discusses many issues the other readings take on, such as politics and the indigenous people. This one seems to carry another cynical theme in politics, like the one before. Essentially, it is critical of the Guatemalan government and their handling (or non-handling) of the indigenous people and their rights. They feel they are "conspicuously absent" in government policy, while the government takes on other types of reform, such as economic and other social reforms.
This article is especially troubling because it discusses something at the very heart of these cultures -- the brutality and genocidal tendencies of the people that rule Guatemala, and how their policies affect the country. There are so many brutal dictators…...
" In addition, Manz reports that, "It took more than a decade after the worst of the violence, but eventually the Catholic Church, the United Nations, and the president of the United States rendered a verdict about the horrors suffered by villagers in Santa Mar'a Tzeja and the rest of Guatemala." In fact, the verdict charged Guatemalan authorities with outright genocide, and the author emphasizes that, "No other country in the hemisphere has been charged with genocide."
To their credit, the people of Guatemala have managed to overcome this violent legacy and stand poised to become part of the international community in substantive ways, due in large part to the findings of this report. As Manz points out, "This judgment was of great moral importance to the people of Santa Mar'a Tzeja and so many others like them who had suffered grievously at the hands of the military. No longer feeling…...
mlaReferences
Bolivia. (2008). U.S. government: CIA World Factbook available at
Rogoberta
Rigoberta Menchu addresses the role of women in Quiche society and devotes several chapters of her narrative to gender issues. I, Rigoberta Menchu is not about women in Guatemala society, but any discussion of race, class, and politics must naturally include gender as a matter of course. More important than gender to Rigoberta Menchu is the abuse of power. In her narrative, Rigoberta Menchu focuses on the ways wealthy business owners and ladinos in Guatemala abuse their power and privilege by exploiting and dehumanizing the indigenous population. Moreover, Rigoberta Menchu depicts the indigenous Mayan culture as being inherently gender egalitarian. For example, women drink at parties just like the men do. "That is something incredible in these towns," the author notes, "because it's not only the men who want to let themselves go and forget about their problems for a while…It's not unusual to see our women drinking," (206).
Abuse…...
mlaWork Cited
"I, Rigoberta Menchu." Retrieved online: http://www.wmich.edu/dialogues/texts/irigobertamenchu.html
Menchu, Rigoberta. I, Rigoberta Menchu. Verso, 1984.
Tuskegee Experiment
Beginning in 1932, and continuing for the next forty years, the U.S. government conducted tests "to determine the natural course of untreated syphilis in black males." (Brandt, 1978, p.1) The test used some 400 men already infected with syphilis as well as 200 without as a control and studied the effects of the disease on the subjects. However, even in the 1950's, when antibiotics became widely available, this treatment, as was all treatments, was denied to the subjects. The experiment was re-approved by the Center for Disease Control in 1969 but in 1972 it became widely known to the public; which demanded the experiment be ended. In the early 1970's only 74 of the test subjects had survived while "perhaps more than 100 had died directly from advanced syphilitic lesions." (Brandt, 1978, p.1) But this experiment was not the first to perform such a study, in fact the Tuskegee…...
mlaReferences
Brandt, Allen. (Dec. 1978). "Racism and Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis
Study." The Hastings Center Report 8(6), pp. 21-29. Retrieved from http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3372911/Brandt_Racism.pdf-sequence
=1
Harrison, L.W. (1956). "The Oslo Study of Untreated Syphilis: Review and Commentary." British Journal of Venereal Diseases 32, pp.70-78. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1054082/
Kinzer and Overthrow
Objectiveness of Kinzer
Kinzer is a journalist and reported on several instances where America has been considered the instigator of regime changes in foreign countries. As a reporter he writes about events that he has witnessed or researched over the past century. There has been at least fourteen instances where heads of state and nations were influenced by American covert activity.
Argument: Understanding the Kinzer Perspective
The perspective is convincing as an argument about how American Diplomats, Statesmen, and even corporate powers use their influence politically and economically to forge alliances or dispose uncooperative leaders. A classic example is the entrance of American forces into Afghanistan to remove Saddam Hussein from power. The catalog of conquests span from 1893 to 2003 including Hawaii 1893(pp.21), Cuba 1898 (pp. 39, 48), Puerto Rico 1898 (pp. 48), Philippines 1902 (pp. 48), Nicaragua 1910 (pp. 56), Honduras 1911 (pp. 75), Iran 1953,
Guatemala 1954, Vietnam 1963,…...
mlaWorks Cited
Kinzer, Stephen. "Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq. " New York: Times Books. 2006.
The second motive behind the internationalist actions was a desire for control. This is especially seen in Kennedy's reaction to Guatemala. By the mid-1960's, Guatemala had finally begun creating an independent government. hat's more, the people even wanted to have an open election. However, Kennedy caught wind of a threat by the former dictator Arevalo, who planned to re-enter the country and run in the election. Instead of trusting the people to elect the right leader, Kennedy reacted in fear and used American military and intelligence to rig the election in favor of a civilian leader (Rabe 56) and a military independent of that government.
The third motive, and one that is rarely considered, behind the assaults on Latin America was imperialism. Prior to the cold war, America kept its own boundaries safe and nothing else. It only went to war when absolutely necessary and did not concern itself with the…...
mlaWorks Cited
Cottam, Martha. Images and Intervention: U.S. Policies in Latin America. University of Pittsurgh Press, 1994.
Holden, Robert H. & Zolov, Eric. Latin America and the United States: A Documentary History. Oxford University Press, 2000.
This leads to many false stereotypes and assumptions about cultures which most of us have never experienced.
2) When the structure of colonialism set in on Latin America, the Catholic Church established Counter-Reformation initiatives ordered by Spain's Holy Inquisition. The Counter-Reformation discouraged cultural endeavors in Latin America if they were not directly affiliated to specific Church celebrations. This resulted in much illiteracy and general ignorance of advances being made in the world during the 17th and 18th centuries, specifically the Enlightenment. Additionally, the Catholic Church, in this role, was less involved in being true missionaries, but rather functioned as a cultural censor that enforced regulatory social practices. Peninsular bureaucrats seemed to have no interest or care for the vast lands of Latin America, and developed an increasing disdain for the growing mixed Spanish and indigenous population (Mestizo). They were suspicious of indigenous and mestizo people, and also of Spanish people…...
istory from 1865 to te present day. To focus te researc, select six subtopics (specific events or developments related to te topic, separated in time); tree from before 1930 and tree from after.
Immigrants
Tere are more tan 50 million immigrants (legal and illegal) and teir U.S.-born cildren (under 18) in te United States as of August 2012. As of te last decade, most immigrants come from te following countries: Honduras (85%), India (74%), Guatemala (73%), Peru (54%), El Salvador (49%), Ecuador (48%), and Cina (43%). Approximately, 28% of tese immigrants are in te country illegally. Rougly alf of Mexican and Central American and one-tird of Sout American immigrants are ere illegally.
Te Center for Immigration Studies (Rigt Side news) finds tat immigration as dramatically increased te population of low-income individuals in te United States, altoug many immigrants, te longer tey live in te country, make significant progress. However, immigrants wo live…...
mlahttp://www.racialprofilinganalysis.neu.edu/index.php.
Pula, James S. "American Immigration Policy and the Dillingham Commission," Polish-American Studies (1980) 37#1 pp 5-31
Yakushko, O et al. (2008) Stress and Coping in the Lives of Recent Immigrants and Refugees: Considerations for Counseling International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 30, 3, 167-178
Domestic Homicide in South Carolina
The law, in its majestic equality, forbids the rich as well as the poor to sleep under bridges, to beg in the streets, and to steal bread," wrote French intellectual and social critic Anatole France in The Red Lily in 1894 and in doing so he summarized the often great distance that exists between laws and people's concepts of justice and truth. Justice is a slippery concept and the truth even more so - and this is perhaps nowhere more evident than in the practices of the "truth commissions" established in a number of countries newly accustoming themselves to democracy. The Orwellian sound of "truth commission" is not inappropriate, for the connection between the actions of these commissions - in places like Argentina, Chile, El Salvador, Guatemala and South Africa - and the truth of experience or any sense of absolute justice was both tenuous and…...
Civil ars
It is estimated that between 1900 and 1967, there were 526 civil wars called throughout the world (Civil pp). Today, there are literally dozens of wars going on around the globe, and dozens more that have ended during recent years, such as the civil wars in Guatemala and Tajikistan.
According to Christopher Cramer, most literature concerning civil wars has highlighted the role of political instability in the relationship between growth and inequality (Cramer pp). Although there are interlinkages between distribution, conflict and growth, these interlinkages are complex and cannot be read off or predicted from any convincing repeated empirical relationship between variables that are often loaded with too much and unclear meaning (Cramer pp). Cramer takes the title to his article, "Civil ar is Not a Stupid Thing: Exploring Growth, Distribution and Conflict Linkages" from a short story by Sicilian writer, Leonardo Sciascia, about a Sicilian dragooned into fighting on…...
mlaWork Cited
"Civil Wars Throughout the World."
http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/cwc/inter-aspects/world1.htm
Cramer, Christopher. "Civil War is Not a Stupid Thing: exploring growth, distribution and conflict linkages."
Government
Since gang-related crimes fall within the jurisdiction of state, this research will give an insight on the need to find solutions that increasingly include all levels of government. Congress needs to pass legislation that will change immigration enforcement laws and make more aliens deportable. In addition, the federal government should take a more active participation in helping local and state jurisdictions develop anti-gang responses. The local, state and federal governments must take a stand, and combine forces to combat the immigration problem that continue to plague this country into the next generation.
Importance of the Study
The die has been cast, there is no turning the clock back now and the Mara Salvatrucha and 18th Street Gang have established themselves in the United States and far beyond. The origins of the current situation with MS-13 and the 18th Street Gang date back to the late 1980s and early 1990s when the Salvadoran…...
mlaReferences
Armstrong, W. (2009, February 16). 'Sanctuary cities' protect murderous illegal aliens. Human Events, 64(37), 8.
Bansal, M. (2006) Chertoff: Street Gangs a Threat to National. Retrieved November 12,
2006 from http://www.CNSNews.com .
Barber, B. (1996). Jihad vs. McWorld: How Globalism and Tribalism are Reshaping the World. New York: Ballantine Book.
How Zamora and Nazario's Work Explores the Thesis of Inherent Illegal Migration
Introduction
The thesis of inherent illegal migration, which suggests that illegal migration is an intrinsic aspect of global migration, has been a subject of extensive debate in academic and policy circles. Two notable works that have significantly contributed to the exploration of this idea are Marcelo M. Suárez-Orozco et al.'s "The Psychology of Immigration in the 21st Century" and Sonia Nazario's "Enrique's Journey: The Story of a Boy's Dangerous Odyssey to Find His Mother."
Zamora's Research on Transnational Immigrant Networks
Marcelo M. Suárez-Orozco, Carola Suárez-Orozco, and Jessica O. Alvarez conducted research on....
Exploration of Maternal Perspective and Determinants of Neonatal Vaccination Compliance Among First-Time Mothers
Introduction
Neonatal vaccination is a crucial public health intervention that protects infants against preventable diseases. Compliance with neonatal vaccination schedules is essential for achieving herd immunity and reducing disease burden. However, research suggests that compliance rates vary among different population groups, including first-time mothers. Understanding the factors that influence first-time mothers' compliance with neonatal vaccination is essential for developing targeted interventions to improve vaccination rates.
Maternal Perspective on Neonatal Vaccination
First-time mothers play a pivotal role in decision-making regarding their infants' health care, including vaccination. Their perspectives and beliefs about vaccination....
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