It is critical to remember that the jury is composed of 12 white men and that the defendant is a member of a minority. As a result, the groupthink is revealed in alarmingly prejudiced ways, with one of the jurors dismissing the defendant as a "slum kid," a sentiment that appears to be shared by many of the other jurors. It becomes clear that one of the reasons that they are willing to believe in the defendant's guilt is that he is different from them. This is an example of devindividuation. First, rather than acting as individuals, the eleven jurors are acting as a group. This causes them to lose some of their social constraints and act in ways that are considered deviant. Although racism was more acceptable during that time period, there was still some social taboo against suggesting that the defendant was guilty simply because he was…...

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References

Kassin, S., Fein, S., & Markus, H.R. (2010). Social psychology. Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.

Lumet, S. (1957). 12 Angry Men. New York: MGM Studios.

Group Process
Social workers deal with many different types of people in many different situations, but probably the most common interaction is with some type of group. The job of a social worker is to be an advocate for whomever the individual is working with and to find resources that the individual or group did not know existed. This work can either be difficult because the worker in question does not understand the dynamics involved in the work, or it can be made easy by focusing on the objectives of the particular assignment. When working with a group of people it is essential to remember what type of group it is, know the roles the different participants can take, and have the training required to adequately facilitate the group.

Understanding the type of group is the first step. The study guide (Maidment, 2010) lists the different types of groups that a social…...

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References

Beck, D., Fisch, R. & Bergander, W. (1999). Functional roles in work groups -- An empirical approach to the study of group role diversity. Psychologische Beltrage, 41(3), 288-297.

Bianchi, A., & Shelly, R.K. (2007). Guest editors' introduction: Group process as social microcosm. Sociological Focus, 40(2), 117-119.

Finn, J. (1999). An exploration of the helping processes in an online self-help group focusing on issues of disability. Health and Social Work, 24(3), 220-230.

Gross, B. (2002). Online therapy. Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association, 5(5), 30-31.

The study was performed on groups of White and South Asian students, and showed that cross-group friendships provided a platform for reducing out-group prejudice and perceived hostility among these groups.
A study by McGregor, Haji and Kang (2008) also reveal that in-group individuals who display a high Personal Need for Structure (PNS) tend to be inclined towards out-group derogation and hostility. The authors found that lowering PNS also lowers this inclination. Interestingly, this is not done by means of focusing upon the out-group, but rather upon in-group dynamics. This indicates that a positive in-group focus and stability lies at the root of the problem, rather than the perception of out-group hostility or the need to display such hostility towards out groups.

eferences

McGregor, Ian, Hagi, eeshma and Kan, So-Jin. (2008). Can in-group affirmation relieve out-group derogation? Journal of Experimental Psychology. Vol. 44, pp. 1395 -- 1401

Turner, hiannon N., Hewstone, Miles, and Voci,…...

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References

McGregor, Ian, Hagi, Reeshma and Kan, So-Jin. (2008). Can in-group affirmation relieve out-group derogation? Journal of Experimental Psychology. Vol. 44, pp. 1395 -- 1401

Turner, Rhiannon N., Hewstone, Miles, and Voci, Alberto (2007, Sep). Reducing explicit and implicit out-group prejudice via direct and extended contact: The mediating role of self-disclosure and intergroup anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol 93(3), pp. 369-388.

Sandy Hook Case: Reintegrating Adam Lanza Into Society
The tragedy at Sandy Hook Elementary School will never be fully understood. How anyone could reign such terror on innocent children is mind numbing. Yet, if Adam Lanza were to have survived, he would have to deal with life after such a horrible massacre. If he had successfully been treated in a state mental health facility, it might have been possible for him to have one day re-entered the community. In such a situation, there would need to be ongoing treatment and supervision of Lanza himself, along with special health care services provided to Peter Lanza to help care for the ongoing treatment of his son. Overall, the community would also need to stand together and work towards a positive change in light of the tragic events that occurred in the sleepy Connecticut town.

Plan of Action

There are several areas in need of being…...

Felt never would agree

This level of disagreement was never reached, although there was some debate as to what constituted private and public traits and societal rules, for instance, in determining whether the different group's traits of dominance or subservience counted as societal rules.

Lack of clarity about group remark

There was some difficulty in defining what constituted a sociocultural rule, versus a personality characteristic. It was clear amongst all group members that the frogs were in the middle and subservient to mammals, and that the fish were prey, but just how this worked out in the society in terms of rules and laws was open to debate.

Lack of clarity about own message

Because I did not really emerge as a dominating and defining group force, in terms of the beginnings of the discussion that set the terms for the society, I did not feel that I was misunderstood, although I do feel that…...

Group Process and Skill Selection
ecent developments at the medical industry increase the life expectancy. Census reported that 36.3 million Americans were 65 and over in 2004 and 71.5 million Americans will be 65 and over in 2030 (see, census.org). Therefore, the age related diseases and related industry (i.e. eldercare) have been taking an important part of the American society. Taking care of a person with memory loss, dementia and Alzheimer's disease is a demanding task as it requires mental and physical strength. Social supports groups are very helpful to deal with mental and physical distress for Alzheimer's patients' caregivers. In this brief document, a social group session is discussed.

ANALYZING GOUP POCESS AND SKILL SELECTION

Introduction

Garvin, Gutierrez, and Galinsky (2004) describe the social work groups in which the social workers participate as part of their professional activities either as participants or facilitators. The interaction between social workers and group incorporates groups…...

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References

Garvin, C.D., Gutierrez, L.M., & Galinsky, M.J., (Eds.). (2004). Handbook of social work with groups. New York: Guilford Publications.

Gitlin L.N., Corcoran M., Winter L., Boyce A., & Hauck W.W. (2001). A randomized, controlled trial of a home environmental intervention: effect on efficacy and upset in caregivers and on daily function of persons with dementia. Gerontologist 41 (1): 4 -- 14.

Mitchell S.L., Teno J.M., & Kiely D.K. ( 2009). The clinical course of advanced dementia." N. Engl J. Med 361 (16): 1529 -- 38.

Molsa P.K., Marttila R.J., & Rinne U.K. (1995). Long-term survival and predictors of mortality in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. ActaNeurol Scand 91 (3): 159 -- 64.

Do certain group members play traditional roles in the group dynamic, like that of an initiator, a follower, blocker, etcetera (Richardson, 2004)? Do people have clear roles and a sense of responsibility to the group as well as to their own duties? How does this change when the composition of the group changes?
Above all, a group process observer should regard the quality of participant interaction, particularly how well the participants listen to one other, engage in constructive or destructive conflict, and engage in problem-solving activities. Do the participants seem to understand what they were to do and the long and short rage goals of the conflict? Has the group generated processes that can solve these conflicts ("Process observer guidelines," 2008)?

orks Cited

Richardson, Phil. (13 Jun 2004). "Small Group & Team Building Process." Based on . Johnson & R.T. Johnson. Creative Conflict. Interaction Books, Edina, MN, 1987, pp. 2:27-28; and R.E.…...

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Works Cited

Richardson, Phil. (13 Jun 2004). "Small Group & Team Building Process." Based on W. Johnson & R.T. Johnson. Creative Conflict. Interaction Books, Edina, MN, 1987, pp. 2:27-28; and R.E. Quinn et. al., Becoming a Master Manager. Wiley, 1990, pp. 202-203. Revised 13 June 2004. Retrieved 10 Mar 2008 at  http://gpi.sagepub.com 

Process Observer Guidelines." Retrieved 10 Mar 2008 at http://www.brethren.org/together/downloads/ProcessObserverGuidelines.pdf

Organizational Theory and Applicability in Modern Organizations
Conflicts within organizations are not always negative. Differences between members should be viewed as strengths used in working towards a common goal rather than suppressing those differences. The classical model embraced by theorists Elton Mayo and Fredrick Taylor echoes the significance of capitalizing on the differences in working towards a common goal for the benefit of the organization. In this paper, we echo the significance of harmonizing individual differences in the workplace basing on Mary Parker Follett's theories. In her theories, we endeavor to utilize the theory of the group process in shedding more light on this subject.

The Group Process

The focus of Follett endeavored to address group processes in industrial organizations. According to Follett, basic principles of human behavior that include integrating, emerging, interacting, and evoking are the same in business and other group settings (Cole, 2004). These fundamental concepts envisaged her discussion on…...

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References

Cole, G. (2004). Management Theory and Practice. New York: Cengage Learning

Graham, P. (2003). Mary Parker Follett-- the prophet of Management: A Celebration of Writings from the 1920s. New York: Beard Books

Ramsbotham, O. Miall, H., & Woodhouse, T. (2011). Contemporary Conflict Resolution. New York: Polity

The AA also provides a strong network of relationships that is important for the recovery and support process as pointed out by Khantzian & Mack, (1994, pp.348).
The steps are important since they assist the alcoholics in becoming patient. They also admit that they are reckless and out of control. They also give up the alcoholic struggle with self and the bottle in order to allow the higher power as well as assistance of other to emancipate them. In the recovery process, there are sponsors. A sponsor is an alcoholic who has fully recovered and the recovering alcoholic can reach them at any time.

Alcoholic Anonymous believes even the alcoholics are important help to others. The concept of AA is beneficial in getting rid of the incessant alienation as well as shame that the alcoholics feel. It then proceeds to instill a sense of hope, contact with other as well as…...

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References

Alcoholic Anonymous (2002). Service Material from the General Service Office: THE TWELVE STEPS OF ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS

 http://www.aa.org/en_pdfs/smf-121_en.pdf 

Browne, B.R. (1991). The selective adaption of the Alcoholics Anonymous program by Gamblers Anonymous. Journal of Gambling Studies, 7(3), 187206. Fagan, R.W. (1986). The use of volunteer sponsors in the rehabilitation of skid-row alcoholics. Journal of Drug Issues, 16(3), 321-337.

Doweiko, H.E. (2009). Concepts of chemical dependency (7th ed.). Pacifi c Grove, CA:

Individuals trust that agreement speaks something relating to the fact. Complying with the group norms hence fulfils our requirement relating to mastery. When individuals privately, show their compliance since they trust group norms represent fact, the group has the impact of information. At the time when the chances are high, individuals are more inspired to take correct decisions, and hence correspond even strongly. Going away from the agreement weaken the impact of the group. Additionally, it weakens confidence, and hence we could feel perplexed, apprehensive and ambiguous. (Smith; Mackie 315-319).
Norms accord us the feelings of linkage since compliance to group principles lead to achieving a positive as well as principled social identity and getting respect from the members of the other group. Compliance as such gives rise to encountering a view of belonging, and it indicates assurance to members of other groups. A group has positive impact at the…...

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References

AlRoomi, Dhari. The effect of Cohesion of Group Productivity. The MBA Journal. 23 February 2006.  http://businessadministration.wordpress.com/2006/02/23/the-effect-of-cohesion-of-group-productivity/ 

Bostro, Alan; Bredemeier, Brenda Jo Light; Gardner, Douglas E; Shields, David Lyle Light. The Relationship between Leadership Behaviors and Group Cohesion in Team Sports. Journal of Psychology, vol. 131, no. 2, 1997. pp: 196-211.

Christensen, Ulla; Schmidt, Lone; Budtz-Jorgensen, Esben; Avlund, Kirsten. Group Cohesion and Social Support in Exercise Classes: Results from a Danish Intervention Study. Health Education & Behavior, vol. 33, No. 5, 2006, pp: 677-689

Glass, Scott. J; Benshoff, James. M. Facilitating group cohesion among adolescents through challenge course experiences. The Journal of Experiential Education. Fall, 2002. vol. 26, no. 2, pp: 47-51.

Group Dynamics
From the inception of the group at the beginning of the group work engagements, the team had little idea about the personalities of the members of the group, there was a lose relationship that was purely based on the issues to be discussed or the research to be conducted and each person went his way after that. This changed with time as the group members got more and more acquainted with each others' personality and there was more understanding that grew among the group members. This meant that the group members did not just talk about the real academic issue in the meetings but there was opening and closing issues and comments that had nothing to do with the matter being discussed. In the process, there grew several contentious sections of disagreements, discontent as well as too much unanimity on an issue that made it uncomfortable for the group…...

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Reference

Chattillon R., (2013). Tuckman's Five Stages of Group Development. Retrieved September 30,2014 from  http://www.slideshare.net/perspectum/5-stages-of-group-development-norms-tuckman-16474067

Groups, Networks, And Organizations
In daily situations and quite spontaneously, people formulate reference scales to which they attach sources and concepts or hierarchical preferences of individuals. Latitude of acceptance and latitude of rejection imply that an individual's attitude is determined by a margin in regards to either positions that individuals consider acceptable or those which are unacceptable to them. This is to say that people either accept or reject certain positions in a varying degree which depends on the source transmitting the information and what that information implies. It is considered that the more attached an individual is toward his/hers attitude, the wider the latitude of rejection becomes and the limited the latitude of acceptance is.

For example, suppose a family is struggling with their child's weight problem. Suppose as well their belief is that current food trends favor child obesity. As an issue of national concern, the latitude of acceptance is…...

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Works Cited

Andersen, Kenneth E. Developments in Communication Ethics: The Ethics Commission, Code of Professional Responsibilities, Credo for Ethical Communication. Journal of the Association for Communication Administration 29 (2000): 131-144. Web. 30 Oct 2013.

Malone, Thomas W. The Future of Work: How the New Order of Business Will Shape Your Organization, Your Management Style, and Your Life. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press, 2004. Print.

Niederer, Sabine, and Van Dijck, Jose. Wisdom of the Crowd or Technicity of Content? Wikipedia as a Sociotechnical System. New Media and Society XX.X (2010): 1-19. Web. 30 Oct 2013.

Quan-Haase, Anabel, Cothrel, Joseph, and Wellman, Barry. Instant Messaging for Collaboration: A Case-Study of a High-Tech Firm. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 10.4 (2005): 1-17. Web. 30 Oct 2013.

57). Although both teams and work groups are similar, there are some instances in which one is better suited than the other, and these issues are discussed further below.
6.

elative effectiveness of work groups compared to teams.

While some authorities suggest that team and work groups share a sufficient number of commonalities to make them indistinguishable, there are some situations in which work groups may be more effective if they are defined within certain categories (Biech, 2001). In this regard, Lewis (2001) reports that a useful definition of team is "a group of people who work together to achieve a common goal. Unless they collaborate and cooperate with each other, they cannot achieve the goal because it is too big for any one of them to accomplish individually" (p. 410). Although this general definition could well fit most work groups as well, there are some distinguishing characteristics involved. According to Kristof…...

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References

Biech, E. (2001). The Pfeiffer book of successful team-building tools: Best of the annuals.

San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.

Kristof, A.L. (1999). Person-organization fit: an integrative review of its conceptualizations, measurement, and implications. Personnel Psychology, 49(10, 1-2.

Kruppa, R. & Media, A.K. (2005). Group dynamics in the formation of a Phd cohort: a reflection in experiencing while learning organizational development theory.

If only one person had tried to do most of the work, it does not seem as though that person would have had the needed skills to do everything just right. When a group is made up of people who have all kinds of different skills, it is easy to see how that would be beneficial to the group. It makes everything go more quickly and smoothly, and it also brings a lot of value to the finished product that is created by the group. There is more to it than just that, however, because having an effective work group means that each person in that group was able to communicate with others properly about what he or she could contribute. By working together, it became much easier to create a group process in which everyone was able to play to their strengths.
Each group member contributed, but some were…...

One theory holds that a variety of sociometric techniques will bring relations into view, structure, them, and use sociometrty to measure and diagnose the peer relations, friendships, and social status of individuals within the classroom. Once this data is recovered, using the proper template, an aggressive management of group dynamics may occur -- more powerfully in the younger years where authority and time are more conducive, but still powerful in the secondary classroom (Sherman, 2002; Harris, 1998).
In the primary grades, the instructor can often create and manage the group -- size, composition, stabliity, etc. For maximum effect on certain projects. This allows students to both learn and teach, but the instructor to manage the inner dynamics in a proactive manner (Baines, Kutnick and Blatchford, 2009). In fact, one of the great pedagogical challenges that, if done correctly, meets a number of classroom goals is the ability to create high…...

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REFERENCES

Baines, Kutnick and Blatchford. (2009). Promoting Effective Group Work in the Primary Classroom. New York: Routledge.

Berry, D. (2007). Health Communication: Theory and Practice. Maidenhead, England: Open University Press.

Brown, N. (2000). Creating High Performance Classroom Groups. New York: Falmer Press.

Carter, N. (2008, July). Visual Group Theory. Retrieved October 2010, from Bentley University:  http://web.bentley.edu/empl/c/ncarter/vgt/index.html

CBT, or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, is a prominent theory of group development that emphasizes the interplay between individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors as they influence the dynamics and outcomes of the group. When formulating a strong thesis statement on CBT as a Theory of Group Development, it is essential to focus on the specific aspects of cognitive behavioral therapy that have a significant impact on group processes. One approach could be to explore how CBT techniques such as cognitive restructuring and behavioral activation can be applied within group settings to improve communication, collaboration, and overall group cohesion. Additionally, delving into how....

Emotional Response to Beneficial Laws Protecting Minority Groups

Introduction:

Laws play a crucial role in shaping societal norms and fostering a sense of equity and justice for all citizens. When laws are enacted to protect minority groups from discrimination and inequality, they can evoke strong emotional responses from both beneficiaries and opponents. This essay explores studies that investigate the emotional impact of beneficial laws on minority groups.

Positive Emotional Responses:

Gratitude and Hope: Studies have shown that members of minority groups who benefit from protective laws often experience feelings of gratitude and hope. These laws provide a sense of validation and recognition, fostering....

Kurt Lewin: Revolutionizing Social Psychology

Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) was a German-American psychologist who is widely regarded as the founder of social psychology. His groundbreaking work revolutionized the field by introducing new theories, methods, and perspectives that continue to shape our understanding of human behavior and social dynamics.

Field Theory and the Life Space

Central to Lewin's approach was his field theory, which posited that behavior is determined by the individual's psychological "life space." The life space encompasses the individual's perceptions, motivations, needs, and the social and environmental forces that influence them. Lewin believed that by understanding the field space, we could better predict....

Unconscious Bias in Workplace Dynamics: A Thesis Study
Introduction
Unconscious bias, also known as implicit bias, refers to the automatic and unintentional attitudes or stereotypes that individuals hold about others based on their gender, race, ethnicity, religion, or other group affiliations. These biases can manifest in various forms, including discrimination, stereotyping, and microaggressions, and have a significant impact on workplace dynamics.
Impact on Workplace Dynamics
Recruitment and Hiring: Unconscious bias can influence hiring decisions, leading to underrepresentation of certain groups in the workplace. For example, studies have shown that biased language in job descriptions or resumes can lead to discrimination against qualified candidates.
....