Government Intervention in the Steel Industry
The Bush administration announced the imposition of sweeping tariffs of up to 30% on steel imports to the United States for a period of 3 years in March 2002 purportedly to save the ailing steel industry from collapsing. Predictably, the action has invited particularly harsh criticism from the U.S. trade partners that have been directly affected by the tax, i.e., the European Union, Japan, and China. Domestically too, the proponents of a free market economy have been no less critical of the measure, although the U.S. steel industry, in general, has welcomed the move.

This research report will focus on various aspects of the U.S. government's imposition of steel tariffs. It will discuss the benefits and costs of tariffs in general, and include a history of government's support of the U.S. steel industry, details of the steel tariff 2002, why it was imposed, and its repercussions,…...

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References

Anderson, William L. "A History of Privileges." (January, 1999). The Free Market. Retrieved on July 8, 2002 at  http://www.mises.org/freemarket_detail.asp?control=43&sortorder=articledate 

Anger over steel." (March 6, 2002). From Economist.com Global Agenda. Retrieved on July 9, 2002 at  http://www.economist.com/agenda/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=1022220 

Arnold, James. (March 6, 2002). "Steel Sector Stares into Abyss." BBC News Online Business Report. Retrieved on July 8, 2002 at  http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/business/newsid_1857000/1857914.stm 

Bartlett, Bruce. "Suffering Steel Tariff Side Effects." (April 22, 2002). The Washington Times. Retrieved on July 9, 2002 at  http://www.washtimes.com/commentary/20.htm

Government managing of the economic using fiscal policy typically amounts to spending more, as governments rarely use fiscal policy to slow an overheated economy, preferring to rely on the more effective monetary policy tools that central banks have at their disposal. An increase in government spending provides a short-term boost to the economy. If the money is spent on investments for future growth such as transportation infrastructure and education, then the impacts will be long-term positive as well. There is the risk that active management of the economy through fiscal policy will be insufficient, or that it will have long-term negative impacts if the government borrows too much to pay for the spending.
Overall, government efforts to manage the economy make things better. Our economy does not even remotely resemble a free market economy, and has not since at least the 1930s. The economy has experienced, with few breaks, a…...

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Works Cited:

Leamer, E. (no date). Components of GDP. UCLA. Retrieved February 14, 2011 from  http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/faculty/edward.leamer/documents/Hw%20Components%20of%20GDP%20Eviews%20Version.pdf 

Lesher, M. & Miroudot, S. (2006). Analysis of the economic impact of investment provisions in regional trade agreements. OECD Trade Policy Working Papers.

government intervention through examining the meaning of market failure, reasons the market under-produces public goods, how externalities result in distortion of market outcomes, how market power prevents optimal results, and policy options for government interventions. The author considers market failure as the what question that contributes to the potential for government intervention in order to generate the most appropriate combination of output with present resources. Through an analysis of the nature of market failure, the term is used to describe less than perfect or suboptimal outcomes. The concept implies that supply and demand forces have not contributed to the realization of the best point on the production-possibilities curve.
Since it's a justification for government intervention, market failure is brought by various microeconomic factors such as public goods, externalities, market power, and inequity. This implies that market failure can be understood through examining these micro-economic sources or factors. Moreover, government intervention…...

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References:

"Government Policy and Market Failures." (n.d.). Colander - Chapter 15. Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~ecorlcx/Colander-ch15-MarketFailure.ppt

Shiller, B. (2009). Government Intervention. In Essentials of economics (7th ed., Chapter 9, 182-

203). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

It has even created a new network of medical clinics that provide easy access to medical treatment at affordable prices at an efficient pace for such routine treatments as strep throat cultures, physicals for jobs or athletics, flu shots, and other procedures that enable people to pay a reasonable rate for timely care, which would not be given to them in a system of national coverage, and which would cost them more at a doctor's office that accepted their insurance (if they have insurance) because of the extra bureaucracy and paperwork necessary to validate insurance coverage ("al-Mart Medical Clinics," 2006, Healthcare NBIC).
The example of al-Mart illustrates how the marketplace is infinitely more responsive to the needs of the public out of its own self-interests. Necessity is the mother of invention and also the kind of personal initiative that pulls people out of desperate circumstances. Less government regulation would enable…...

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Works Cited

Rivlin, Alice. "Why Can't We Get things Done?" Chapter 66.

From The Brookings Bulletin. Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institute.

A pp.366-371.

Wal-Mart Medical Clinics." (Feb 2006). Healthcare NBIC. Retrieved 17 Jan 2007 at  http://in3.typepad.com/hnbic/2006/02/walmart_medical.html

Following the onset of the Great Depression, America’s leaders tried to find ways to get the country going again, to stimulate the economy, put Americans back to work, and recreate the prosperous good times of the 1920s.  Franklin Roosevelt called for action.1  Hoover before him called for the government to resist intervention.2  Two decades earlier Teddy Roosevelt called for intervention in the regulation of labor.3  Henry Ford called for self-help—not intervention—but independence.4  Based on these four perspectives, this paper argues that government intervention leads to a culture of dependency, which does not facilitate growth or positive and innovative solutions to real problems; therefore, government should not seek to intervene in the economy but rather allow the bad blood to work its way out, as painful as that may be. Teddy Roosevelt felt that in order for America to have equitability, the government should get involved.  He argued that “the right to…...

Tobacco industry has seen significant government intervention since at least the New Deal. Tobacco farmers have typically received subsidies for their crops and the benefits of marijuana prohibition but in more decent decades they have also faced increasingly strict controls on the sale of tobacco products. Prior to the era of restrictive cigarette sales, and buoyed by subsidies, tobacco was one of the more lucrative products to farm in the United States, a situation that has changed of late. The most recent move on the part of the government was the Transitional Tobacco Payment Program, which as the name implies was intended to provide incentive for farmers to transition to other crops (Mccord, 2014).
The moves on the part of government have reflected different roles that government has played. The subsidies reflected the role that government plays in promoting agriculture, not just promoting a farming lifestyle but ensuring a certain degree…...

CHIA'S IMPROVIG ECOOMY
SUSPECTED PROBLEMS

FIACIAL OPPORTUITIES

FOR PARTCIPATIG ATIOS

CHIA'S MOST SURPRISIG TUR

GDP IFORMATIO

CHIA'S IMPROVIG ECOOMY

China has been an independent nation since the beginning of time, specifically its financial institutions are state owned. Although under developed, and one of the slowest developing countries, China was a proud and self-sufficient country, desiring to be individual, and dependent upon no other nation. Many years of being independent have severely limited the incoming and outgoing of financial funds and support, and as a result, China has reached its lowest economic downfall in history. Last December, China agreed to sustain an agreement with the World Trade Organization, after debating over the idea for the past fifteen years. The goals of entering an agreement with the World Trade Organization, were reducing the unemployment rate, and improving the China's economy. One of the obligations on China's part was they must submit to openness of their previously closed markets, such…...

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NA, DOMESTIC NEWS ITEMS FORM XINHUA, XINHUA NEWS AGENCY 04/17/2002

LARDY, NICHOLAS, THE DRAGON OUT OF PUFF, BROOKINGS INSTITUTION PRESS,

WASHINGTON DC, 2002

Governments neutralize the monetary impacts of their foreign exchange activities. This sterilization seeks to prevent foreign exchange transactions from posing as obstacles to the domestic monetary policy objectives. The underlying disturbance is likely to cause conflict between governments. When the underlying disturbance to exchange rate originates from the domestic government, it is likely to pursue inflation objectives through non-sterilized foreign exchange interventions (Auerbach & Kotlikoff, 2009).

While other governments have boundaries on investments relating to international financial markets in different currencies, some governments factor objectives of nominal exchange rates into their financial policy decisions. For instance, the federal government occasionally alters the rate of federal funds while it undertakes compatible foreign exchange activities. Erecting the required monetary policy changes across the sale or purchase of foreign currency has a bigger impact on the foreign exchange rate. This is contrary to initiating this move through open market activities in state securities. Therefore,…...

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References

Auerbach, a.J., & Kotlikoff, L.J. (2009). Macroeconomics: An integrated approach. Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.: MIT Press.

Madura, J. (2011). International Financial Management. Florence, KY: Cengage Learning, Inc.

Yotopoulos, Pan a. (2010). Exchange Rate Parity for Trade and Development: Theory, Tests, and Case Studies. Cambridge Univ Pr.

Governments should limit their interference in market progress.
The recent Presidential election was billed as a choice between two visions for America. Unfortunately for voters, there are many other visions that were not presented as viable options. If those options had been presented, voters may have chosen them. One such alternative political philosophy is libertarianism, which makes the case that government should interfere as little as possible in the daily lives of Americans. This is especially true in the economic realm -- whether it is regulation or tax handouts to powerful donor lobbies, the two big parties are equally culpable for creating needles burden that constricts the growth of the American economic engine.

Decentralization of government is a key concept. Manor (1999) notes that there has been a trend towards the decentralization of government worldwide. This trend is occurring because governments realize that decentralization can spur economic growth and alleviate rural poverty…...

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Works Cited:

Ehrlich, I. & Lui, F. (1999) Bureaucratic growth and endogenous economic growth. Journal of Political Economy. Vol. 107 (6) 270-293.

Krueger, A. (1990). Government failures in development. NBER Working Paper #3340. Retrieved November 16, 2012 from  http://www.nber.org/papers/w3340.pdf 

Manor, J. (1999). The political economy of democratic decentralization. The World Bank. Retrieved November 16, 2012 from  http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/book/9780821344705 

Qian, Y. & Weingast, B. (1999). Federalism as a commitment to preserving market incentives. Journal of Economic Perspectives. Vol 11 (4) 83-92.

This leads directly to the issue of efficiency, which can be seen quite clearly from the above description to be harmed by government intervention in the short-term; by not allowing the market to find appropriate price point in the rapid manner of supply and demand curves, efficiency is eroded. This is where things get complicated, however, and where a true definition of terms must occur. The concept of efficiency itself is fairly straightforward, but in this context long-term and short-term efficiency must be distinguished. Though short-term efficiency is diminished by government intervention, this is not necessarily the case when major detrimental fluctuations over the long-term are controlled.

It is in the area of market stability that the theoretical quandary of the efficiency issue can be solved. Government regulation quite directly and purposefully, in almost all circumstances, increases market stabilization by controlling prices, providing subsidies, and in some instances controlling the levels…...

In this respect, it was not the reality which mattered but rather the perception of that reality. Most of the times during the Cold War, but especially after the fall of the Iron Curtain, the reality showed that the perception of the Russian Soviets as the strongest forces in the world was often not true. Still it motivated the U.S. To consider all sorts of side games to defeat the communist threat, which in fact was not as big as considered throughout the decades.
Diversionary war has its own motivation in terms of psychological impact on the population. People tend to view the international threat as being the ultimate point of reference for danger. The state in itself is the most trusted instrument for the insurance of security, and an international threat constitutes the questioning of this establishment. More precisely, it has been argued that "as the leader of one…...

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Bibliography

Baker, William D.. "The Dog That Won't Wag: Presidential Uses of Force and the Diversionary Theory of War" Strategic Insights, Volume III, Issue 5 (May 2004).

Clausewitz, Carl Von. On War.. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984

Hendrickson, Ryan. "Clinton's Military strikes in 1998: diversionary uses of force?" In Armed Forcea & Society, vol. 28, no. 2. Winter 2002, pp 309-332.

James, Patrick and John R. Oneal, "The Influence of Domestic and International Politics on the President's Use of Force," Journal of Conflict Resolution 35 (1991): 307-332.

Competency development in the balanced approach emphasizes the need for a broader concern with maturational development, especially by means of acquiring the survival skills required for daily living (p. 485).
Interventions that emphasized the balanced approach do look at the deficits and dysfunctions of the individual, but also identify family and community strengths, to draw upon. Not only would this intervention increase competency in the delinquent youth, but also help ensure public safety. Mentoring with a parental education and community organization approach, coupled with an effective sanctioning guidelines with meaningful consequences, is one intervention that would fulfill this criteria.

This type of intervention differs significantly from the interventions commonly utilized in the current system. Most interventions are geared to address a singular facet of delinquency, and regretfully ignore the others. As an example, the Boys and Girls Clubs of America offer a wide variety of programs to help counter risk factors…...

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References

Education and career. (2009). Retrieved April 20, 2009, from  http://www.bgca.org/programs/education.asp .

Ek, A. (Mar 2008). Cluster profiles of youths living in urban poverty: Factors affecting risk and resilience. Social Work Research, 32(1). Retrieved April 20, 2009, from CINAHL Plus database.

Leve, L. & Chamberlain, P. (Jun 2005). Association with delinquent peers: Intervention effects for youth in the juvenile justice system. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33(3). Retrieved April 20, 2009, from PubMed Central database.

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (Aug 1997). Balanced and restorative justice for juveniles. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from  http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/framwork.pdf .

To become a senator, a person has to be at least 30 years of age and should have been a citizen of the U.S. For a minimum period of nine years at the time of election. Also, he or she has to be a resident of the state from which he or she is elected so that the state can be well-represented. In the case of representative, he or she should be at least 25 years old and must be a citizen of the U.S. For at least seven years at the time of election. Also, he or she has to be a resident of the state, but there is no mandatory rule that the representative should be a resident of the district that he or she represents.

Major steps in the process of a bill becoming a law

The first step is a member of the congress should introduce a bill…...

Northern Territory (NT) Intervention
In this essay, the author will examine how the Australian Federal Government can pass legislation (as was done with the Northern Territory (NT) intervention) which is not subject to the operation of acial Discrimination Act (Clth) and, in turn, any State/Territories acial Discrimination Acts. The author will raise the question of whether or not the Federal Government has such power. If this is so, the author will then examine under what circumstances such power should be exercised. Further, in the essay the author will raise the question of whether the federal government exercised this power correctly with regards to the NT intervention. Finally, the essay will examine if the Federal Government should not have such power, then how human rights can be protected in Australia.

It is the author's opinion that the Australian government far overstepped its mandate. While technically legal, the intervention was only barely so. It…...

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Reference List

Ashby-Cliffe, J. (2008) 'Reaching the End,' Army (1202), 4.

ABC News. (2007). Pearson Fears for Indigenous Parents' Freedom. Available:   Last accessed 6 September 2011.http://www.abc.net.au/news/2007-06-22/pearson-fears-for-indigenous-parents-freedom/78106 .

Australian Human Rights Commission. (2007). Submission of the Human Rights

and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC) to the Senate Legal and Constitutional Committee on the Northern Territory National Emergency

eply to Carl and TeresaCarlYour point about political structures guiding the budget process, as ubin (2015) points out, is really the most important, I feel. Politics is key to understanding budgeting, particularly because politics is key to understanding government. My thoughts on this matter are that in any democracy, the political process is inseparable from the budgeting process. In theory, the budget should be a reflection of the government\\\'s priorities, with different departments being allocated funds based on their importance. However, in practice, politics often plays a role in how the budget is allocated. Different interest groups lobby for funds for their favored programs, and legislators may use their positions on appropriations committees to secure funding for their districts. As a result, the final budget is often a compromise between different special interests, rather than a clear reflection of the government\\\'s priorities. While this may be seen as an efficient…...

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ReferencesBinder, S., & Spindel, M. (2020). How Politics Shapes Federal Reserve Communications. Cato J., 40, 467.Mikesell, John L. (2018). Fiscal administration: Analysis and applications for the public sector. 10 ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

Title: The Rise of Political Discontent and Economic Transformation: Analyzing the Emergence of New Dynamics in the 1993 Canadian Federal Election

Introduction:
The 1993 Canadian federal election marked a pivotal moment in Canadian political history, characterized by a significant shift in the political landscape and the emergence of new electoral dynamics. This thesis aims to explore the emergence of these dynamics, focusing on the interplay between political discontent, economic transformation, and the rise of new political parties. It will investigate how these factors contributed to the electoral outcomes and reshaped the Canadian political landscape.

1. The Rise of Political Discontent:
a) Decline of Traditional....

I. Introduction
- Begin by presenting a thought-provoking statement or question that captures the reader's attention.
- Briefly introduce the idea that advancing technology might make most of us unemployable in the future and highlight the significance of addressing this potential issue.

II. Body Paragraph 1: Technological Advancements and Job Displacement
- Discuss how technological advancements have historically impacted the job market.
- Provide specific examples of jobs or industries that have been affected by automation and artificial intelligence.
- Explain the concept of "technological unemployment" and its potential consequences for society.

III. Body Paragraph 2: The Skills Gap and Education
- Discuss the widening skills gap between....

1. "From the Mailroom to the Boardroom: A Journey Through Social Stratification and Job Opportunities"

This title highlights the hierarchical nature of social structure and job opportunities, suggesting a progression from lower-status jobs to higher-status jobs. It also emphasizes the idea of social mobility, as individuals can potentially move up the ladder through hard work and dedication. The title is concise and descriptive, while also providing a clear framework for the essay.

2. "The Interplay of Class, Status, and Power in the Labor Market: How Social Structure Shapes Job Opportunities"

This title delves deeper into the sociological concepts of class, status, and power,....

The Impact of Social Media on Consumer Behavior:

This topic explores the transformative effect of social media on consumer decision-making. Analyze how platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok shape consumer preferences, influence brand loyalty, and drive purchasing patterns. Examine the role of influencers, algorithms, and target marketing in shaping consumer behavior and discuss the implications for businesses and marketers.

Behavioral Economics in Healthcare:

Behavioral economics integrates psychological principles into economic analysis. In healthcare, this approach can provide valuable insights into patient decision-making, adherence to treatment, and demand for healthcare services. Discuss how behavioral economics can be applied to improve healthcare outcomes, design effective....