Conclusion

It seems that global sourcing is best way to go when expanding the business even though, domestic sourcing will provide familiar suppliers. "For example, Wal-Mart identifies common products used throughout the world and "determines whether there is an opportunity to improve quality, reduce costs and, by working with a best-in-class supplier, achieve better replenishment and new item introductions (1)." For instance, Wal-Mart has worked with its copy-paper sales supplier to offer new products and more value to customers throughout the world. y actively working with these suppliers, Wal-Mart has realized sales increases of 46% in England, 94% in Germany, 38% in Canada, and 25% in U.S. discount stores, and a 13% increase at Sam's Club stores" (Frahm 2010). Global sourcing vs. domestic sourcing, global sourcing wins due to the benefits that it can provide despite the downfalls, it may have, which can be prevented by due diligence.

Frahm, Scot. Global Sourcing:…...

mla

Bowman, Robert . Global Logistics and Supply Chain Strategies:

ComplexityMasters: Goodyear 2006. 21 April 2010

 http://www.glscs.com/archives/03.06.cm_goodyear.htm?adcode=5

Global ourcing Potential Benefits and Problems
ix igma Article Review

Breyfogle, Forrest W., and David Enck. (May 2002) "ix igma Goes Corporate." Business Management. Issue 7. http://www.optimizemag.com/issue/007/management.htm

ix igma is a statistical term that measures how far any given process deviates from its ideal or perfect outcome. "We all dream of perfection -- of coming up with a flawless business plan and the optimal processes for executing it. But being perfect in these areas is a hard thing to define, let alone quantify. How precisely can you really measure success?" (Breyfogle & David Enck, 2002, 1) From the quantitative side of business theory, the ix igma strategy employs formerly purely numerical analytical procedures to the human and managerial side of the business equation.

The central idea behind ix igma is that if it can be determined how many defects are in a process, these defects can then be eliminated. It utilizes a systematic five-phase,…...

mla

Six Sigma is a statistical term that measures how far any given process deviates from its ideal or perfect outcome. "We all dream of perfection -- of coming up with a flawless business plan and the optimal processes for executing it. But being perfect in these areas is a hard thing to define, let alone quantify. How precisely can you really measure success?" (Breyfogle & David Enck, 2002, 1) From the quantitative side of business theory, the Six Sigma strategy employs formerly purely numerical analytical procedures to the human and managerial side of the business equation.

The central idea behind Six Sigma is that if it can be determined how many defects are in a process, these defects can then be eliminated. It utilizes a systematic five-phase, problem-solving process called DMAIC: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. The Six Sigma process begins by defining the problem, then measuring statistically the impact of the problem, analyzing the situation to find root causes of the problem, attempting to improve the situation once the causes are identified, and only then instituting long-term control or maintenance of the solution. (Breyfogle & Enck, 2002, 1)

According to the authors Breyfogle and Enck, Six Sigma is an appropriate strategy in most for-profit companies, where generating more "cash and customers" or addressing a lack thereof, is the primary concern of managers. This procedure can be valuable in changing company target policies and attempting to generate more revenue. For instance, the company may be lacking a clear understanding of the desires of the targeted customers. By finding out if the problem, as defined, if the wrong customers are being targeted, or the company is using the wrong advertising methodology, the company can then measures the impact of the problem, attempt to understand why the incorrect strategy was implemented by the corporate staff in charge of this department, and then put into a new solution to generate new target audience, making the new strategy or 'target audience' critical to a new company vision. (Breyfogle & Enck, 2002, 2)

Outsourcing and Global Sourcing
According to Entrepreneur.com, the term "outsourcing" refers to "the practice of having certain job functions done outside a company instead of having an in-house department or employee handle them," (2011). While in the past, these job functions have been limited to menial or highly technical tasks, the consensus among outsourcing researchers is that commercial corporations are beginning to outsource large portions of corporate functions, which in turn allows them to cut costs and provide a wider, truly global range of resources for their clients and developers, hence the term "global sourcing" (Kumar & Sarangan, 2011). Nonetheless, there are those who caution against outsourcing too many functions, as the key to successful outsourcing is the effective management of outsourcing suppliers (Chung, Yam & Chan, 2004). This topic is of particular interest to me as a business student likely to work in for a corporate entity in the future.…...

mla

Mol, M.J., van Tulder, R.J.M., and Beije, P.R. (2005). Antecedents and performance consequences of international outsourcing. International Business Review, 14(5), 599-617.  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VGK-4GFCPPY-2&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F2005&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1729213184&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=b560ee59daf838b958069f3a160bfd96&searchtype=a 

The authors investigate the claim that global sources potentially increases firm performance, based on a survey of 200 manufacturing firms located in the Netherlands. The authors found that while outsourcing doesn't necessarily effect firm performance, striking a balance between "lower productions costs abroad and [reducing] transaction costs locally" can enhance the economic stability of a firm. The authors go on to say that successful outsourcing is contingent on a company's ability to research and evaluate potential outsourcing suppliers.

Outsourcing. (2011). In Entrepreneur Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 25, 2011 from  http://www.library.cornell.edu/resrch/citmanage/apa

Global Sourcing DecisionsGlobal sourcing opens up a wide array of opportunities for businesses, although it comes with significant challenges. Issues range from cultural differences, which may include language barriers and varying business practices, to quality control, where ensuring consistent quality becomes difficult due to geographical dispersion. Political and economic stability of the sourcing country can also be a concern, as instability can lead to supply disruption or cost increases. Managing a supply chain that spans multiple countries introduces complexities in logistics, customs regulations, and tax laws. Intellectual property rights might not be strongly upheld in all regions, presenting risks to businesses. Lastly, the environmental and social impacts of global sourcing decisions, such as fair labor practices and carbon emissions, have come to the forefront of business considerations.Inventory is an essential component in any supply chain, serving as a buffer against fluctuations in demand and supply. This role is amplified in…...

mla

ReferencesJedli?ski, M. (2022). The hidden potential of advantages offered by a wooden pallet in a heterogeneous pallet pool–theoretical and analytical view. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie, 111.López Ramírez, C. A., García Cáceres, R. G., & Herrera Rodríguez, J. M. (2022). Taxonomy of Outsourcing Alternatives Through Systematic Literature Review. Tecnura, 26(71), 124-144.

Global Marketing
According to Cleveland and Laroche (2007), the global consumer is characterized as someone who fits in with global consumer culture. This is a culture that has certain characteristics that are static internationally, such that the global consumer can be subject to global marketing. The global consumer is understood in contrast to the local consumer. The local consumer bears strong characteristics of the local market, in their tastes and buying patterns. The global consumer trends more towards international norms. The global consumer is aware of and has some preference for international products and bears similarity to international buying patterns. In essence, the global consumer in Shanghai will have tastes and characteristics that relate more to other global consumers in Vancouver, London or Mumbai than to the people of the local Shanghai market.

Global consumers have emerged as the result of two key trends, identified in Czinkota and onkainen (2013). These trends…...

mla

References:

Andersson, S. & Servais, P. (2010). Combining industrial buyer and seller strategies for international supply and marketing management. European Business Review. Vol. 22 (1) 64-81.

Balabanis, G. & Diamatopoulos, A. (2004). Domestic country bias, country-of-origin effects and consumer ethnocentrism: A multidimensional unfolding approach. Academy of Marketing Science Journal. Vol. 32 (1) 80-95.

Cleveland, M. & Laroche, M. (2007). Acculturation to the global consumer culture: Scale development and research paradigm. Journal of Business Research. Vol. 60 (3) 249-259.

Czinkota, M. & Ronkainen, I. (2013). International Marketing. South-Western College Publishing.

Global and National Hunger
Hunger can be described as a physical sensation of desiring food. Usually even the highly privileged may experience mild hunger, however brief experience will never be harmful. People suffering from hunger are a larger scale reference to individuals who are unable to eat sufficient food in meeting their basic nutritional needs for a sustained period of time. A large proportion of the world's populations are affected by hunger throughout history. Occasionally it result originates from plagues, war or adverse weather changes.

Several inter-related issues that cause hunger tend to be related to economic as well as other factors that cause poverty. A part from the named above causes of hunger we have drought, famine, diversification of land use to non-productive use, poor eating habit, inefficient agriculture, land right and ownership as other causes of hunger, (Anup Shah, 2010). As we try to solve the problem of hunger through…...

mla

References Anup Shah, ( 2010). Solving World Hunger Means Solving World Poverty" Retrieved November 4, 2012 from  http://www.globalissues.org/article/8/solving-world-hunger-means-solving-world-poverty 

Miguel De La Torre, (2012). Will You Eat Less to Reduce Global Hunger? Retrieved November 4, 2012 from   -- cms-19941http://www.ethicsdaily.com/will-you-eat-less-to-reduce-global-hunger 

World Hunger Education Service, (2011). "2012 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics" Retrieved November 4, 2012 from  http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm

" The final force of collaboration, which Freidman (2006) calls "informing"-which are search engines like Yahoo, Google, MSN, etc., which has facilitated "Internetizer technologies" to work together with limitless information all by itself (Freidman, 2006).
Therefore, the initial three flatteners formed the novel stage for cooperation, and the subsequent six have been the novel shapes of cooperation that flattened the world. The last flattener is referred to as "the steroids," and these have been regarded as "wireless-access" along with "voice-over-Internet-protocol (VoIP)." The steroids have accelerated these novel kinds of cooperation, which has allowed "Internetizer technologies" to execute anyone of them, from anyplace in the world, using any tool (Freidman, 2006).

Triple Convergence

The first convergence took place when all ten flatteners united around the beginning of the new millennium. This formed a worldwide, Internet-enabled in performing ground that permitted manifold kinds of cooperation on R&D and work, regardless of not only geography and…...

mla

Bibliography

Barca, F. And Becht, M. (2001). The Control of Corporate Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Chun, R. (2001) 'The strategic management of corporate reputation, aligning image and identity, PhD dissertation, Manchester Business School, University of Manchester.

Freidman, Thomas L. (2006), the World is Flat, (Newly Abridged and Revised), Penguin Books, Camberwell Victoria.

Global E-Business Marketing

Sourcing equity / ax management
Contrasting between global tax systems

National taxing has been proven to affect economic decisions made by MNEs. ypically, the settlement of taxation will take two different approaches, which are the worldwide approach and the territorial approach. he first approach will levy taxes based upon the income earned by firms that are controlled in the host country. herefore, an investor earning income internationally would find his/her income taxed by the local tax authorities. For example, a country such as the United States will tax the income earned based upon firms that are located in the U.S. whether the income is received by firms based in the United States, domestically sourced, and/or foreign sourced (Moffett, Stonehill & Eitemen, 2012). However, an issue that arises is that the taxation does not take into consideration the foreign companies that are based in the United States.

herefore, the territorial approach will be taken…...

mla

They also attract investors as they will provide a deep and liquid market, allows higher investment returns, and are a form of portfolio diversification. Therefore, an investor will profit from the international debt markets as the credit rankings of most of the borrowers are very well, and the borrowers are willing and able to pay a percentage extra for repayment (Sangiuolo & Seidman, 2008). The international debt market consists of unregulated money and capital markets although the dominant currency is the United States dollar. However, the debt securities denominated in euros have grown as the predictability, liquidity and volatility of the euro consolidates. The major forms of Eurocurrency facilities discussed are short-term bank advances (similar to term loans or fully drawn advances) and standby arrangements (source of 'back-up' fund to meet short-term cash shortfalls). They also include medium- to long-term Eurocurrency loans. International debt markets are attractive to both borrows and investors as they can benefit each member in the end. Since major Eurocurrency facilities are attractive because of the lower cost of borrowing, creating a natural hedge and the size of Eurocurrency markets (Razin & Slemrod, 2010).

4. Distinguishing the characteristics of debt instruments

The international debt market uses debt instruments to regulate borrower's repayment plans and investor's investment plans. A debt instrument is a paper or electronically signed obligation that allows the issuing party to raise funds by promising to repay the lender in accordance with the terms of a contract. The borrower will be set up on a plan in order to repay any money used whether it is a short-term or long-term. Typical debt instruments would include the following: notes, bonds, certificates, mortgages, leasing, or other agreements between a

The lack of process orchestration shows that IBM is failing to understand and manage the bargaining power of suppliers effectively. The core requirements of the project center on a series of healthcare professionals who taken together are the stakeholders of a complex payroll processing system (Paull, 2013). The requirements from a project management standpoint is to concentrate on the bargaining power of suppliers as system integration partners and create a unified project plan that can successfully meet multiple stakeholder needs. Making this more difficult than other implementations is the bargaining power of buyers, who also are requiring that IBM construct a system they can quickly use to solve complex supply chain, procurement and strategic sourcing challenges as can be inferred from the article (Paull, 2013).
IBM has also allowed for a greater level of threat from new market entrants as well, through the ineffective management of stakeholder requirements. What's obvious…...

mla

References

Ball, L.D. 2000, "IT education success strategies for change management," Information Systems Management, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 74-77.

By, B.P. 2013, "Michael Dell Offered Lower Price for His Shares to Make Dell Deal Work," LBO Wire, .

Fickenscher, K. & Bakerman, M. 2011, "Change Management in Health Care it," Physician Executive, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 64-7.

Gunasekaran, a. & Ngai, E.W.T. 2005, "Build-to-order supply chain management: a literature review and framework for development," Journal of Operations Management, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 423-451.

To be sure, serious obstacles still remain in Europe -- most notably, the rigid labor laws that make relocating jobs a long and costly process. For example, while it's relatively easy for companies in the U.S. To fire employees whose jobs they want to outsource, to lay off an employee in Germany, a company first has to justify its decision to the union and then give its worker a notice period of four weeks to seven months.
The difference in attitudes goes back to the way both regions developed, says ichard Hill, an intercultural consultant with Europublic, a Brussels-based agency that advises companies in international business. "America was based on a can-do mentality, which is a reflection of the first Europeans who got to a huge, open, immensely rich country and were able to exploit it without any inhibitions," Mr. Hill says. On the other hand, Germany became a nation…...

mla

References

____. 1997. Exporter, skills upgrading, and the wage gap. Journal of International Economics 47:3-31.

____. 1999. Exceptional exporter performance: Cause, effect, or both? Journal of International Economics 47:1-25. Leach, Peter T. (2004). A developing market. Journal of Commerce. 2. 1

Bernard, a., and Jensen, J.B. (1995). Exporters, jobs, and wages in U.S. manufacturing: 1976-1987. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics, 67-119. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.

Business: More gain than pain; Offshoring; the Economist. London: Jul 17, 2004.Vol.372, Iss. 8384; pg. 60

Future Global Corporate Strategy and International Management
The emergence of strategic management has always been attached to military history (Tallman, 2007). Studies in this area reveal various examples where the strategic management of offensive and counter-offensive led to decisive victories. Within the corporate sphere, it emerged following the Second World War. The dramatic growth of world nations such as China, Japan, and the U.S.A. served a beneficial environment for large international corporations that needed evolution in their planning and thought process. In fact, the competitive climate has created challenges for global corporations to sustain the success chart without meeting the changing requirements of business and adopting a strategy to counter these changes. Strategic management is an art that uses the processes and principles of management to create the mission or objective of any business. It identifies a proper target to meet the objective, established current opportunities and constraints in the business…...

mla

Reference List

During, W. E., Oakey, R. P., & Kauser, S. (2001). New Technology-Based Firms in the New Millennium. Amsterdam: Pergamon

Dhillon, G., & Ebrary, Inc. (2001). Information Security Management: Global Challenges in the New Millennium. Hershey, Pa: Idea Group.

Devinney, T. M., Pedersen, T., & Tihanyi, L. (2010). The Past, Present, and Future of International Business & Management. Bingley: Emerald

Howes, R., & Tan, J. H. M. (2003). Strategic Management Applied to International Construction. London: Telford

Outsourcing in a Global Community
"Even though 'Outsourcing' has its demerits and has been criticized the benefits which it brings is advantageous to the U.S. both now and in the long run."

This statement identifies a claim of fact showing that even though outsourcing has its demerits as any other condition would entail, the benefits which the U.S. economy would achieve by way of outsourcing is much more than its disadvantages and the advantages are not only beneficial now, but also in the long-term.

Outsourcing results in while a firm contract out a business activity to an outsider supplier. This process is normal within the U.S. economy for quite a substantial period. It has become easier to outsource business activities like the customer service, telemarketing, and document management. Other businesses inclusive of medical transcription, tax preparation, and financial services also outsource their activities. The estimates made by the Gartner research firm by the…...

Chapter 1
Globalization is delineated as the socio-economic transformation and development process of eradicating trade, investment, cultural information technology, and political barriers across nations. The benefits of globalization include increased growth in the economy, political integration in various expanses, and interdependence among countries of the world. The key international institutions that facilitate globalization include the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization (WTO). To begin with, the IMF plays a significant role in global financial stability by facilitating global trade that promotes job creation, poverty reduction and economic growth. It also encourages exchange rate stability and an open system for international payments. Secondly, the World Bank aids in trade liberalization, transference of information and knowledge to developing countries to underpin sustainable development. Lastly, the WTO established the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which encompasses global trade in goods through the considerable decrease of tariffs…...

Crowd-Sourcing Service User Funding for Participation in Educational Conferences
eporting on the Joint World Social Work conference held in Melbourne, Australia, Peter Beresford wrote, "There are fears that policymakers have lost interest in ensuring the users of care services have their voices heard" (2014). Social workers established the involvement of service users and carers as a key priority in social service, pioneering efforts to forward user involvement on an international level (Beresford, 2014). As a profession, social work has led service user and carer engagement in education, policy, practice, and research (Beresford, 2014). The long-term impact goal of these efforts has been to equalize relationships between service providers and service users as a means to tapping into their experiential knowledge for the purposes of fostering authentic co-production and improving service provision (Beresford, 2014).

That interest in these goals seems to waning or neglected was manifested by the attendance at the Joint World…...

mla

References

Anderson, A. (2005). The community builder's approach to theory of change: A practical guide to theory and development. New York: The Aspen Institute Roundtable on Community Change.

Beresford, P. (2014). Could Melbourne social work conference have done more for service users? The Guardian. Retrieved from  http://www.theguardian.com/social-care-network/2014/jul/11/melbourne-social-work-conference-service-users 

Beresford, P. And Carr, S. (2012). Social care, service users, and user involvement. British Journal of Social Work, 43(4), 820-821. DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bct093. Retrieved from  http://bjsw.oxfordjournals.org/content/43/4/820.full 

P Beresford (2002). User involvement in research and evaluation: liberation or regulation? Social Policy and Society, 1 (02), 95-105.

Proctor & Gamble, Unilever and other companies have esearch & Development (&D) labs in the nations where the market size and potential for sales can substantiate an investment (Shahhosseini, Ardahaey, 2011). This gives these companies insights and market intelligence they can use in designing next-generation products that closely align with their target customers' unique needs. This strategy of also allowing the product, promotion and place or distribution aspects of the marketing mix to be controlled locally has shown significant value over time in generating brand loyalty (osenbloom, Dimitrova, 2011). This can be attributed to how effectively these &D centers get at matching the unmet needs of prospects with the products being developed by companies known for their marketing expertise, for example Proctor & Gamble.
The globalization drivers that would most affect which aspects of the marketing mix are centralized vs. distributed across regional and country offices are first the economics…...

mla

References

Czinkota, M.. (2011). Why international marketing? Marketing Management, 20(2), 14.

Bert Rosenbloom, & Boryana Dimitrova. (2011). The marketing mix paradigm and the Dixonian systems perspective of marketing. Journal of Historic Research in Marketing, 3(1), 53-66.

Shahhosseini, A., & Ardahaey, F.. (2011). Marketing Mix Practices in the Cultural

Industry. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(8), 230-234.