Genetic Engineering
The eradication of global hunger is a noble goal, and implies a human society that has progressed to a point where all humans are engaged in some form of implicit social contract with each other. e care about global hunger because we do not want to see other humans starve, regardless of the circumstances that brought about their hunger. Before tackling the issue of global hunger, however, we must admit that people in many parts of the world are born into Hobbes' state of nature, with no inherent rights to even the basic necessities of life, including food. Eradicating global hunger means that somebody, somewhere must fill that in providing the necessities. This paper will explore the role that genetic engineering can play in ending world hunger.

Assumptions and underpinnings

If genetic engineering is to eradicate world hunger, we must understand how it can do this. e know that trade is…...

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Works Cited:

Gurian-Sherman, D. (2009). Failure to yield: Evaluating the performance of genetically engineered crops.

Lobell, D. & Asner, G. (2003). Climate and management contributions to recent trends in U.S. agricultural yields. Science. Vol. 299 (14 Feb 2003). Retrieved February 18, 2012 from http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:waOodCXE7SMJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&as_sdt=0,10

Lobell, D., Cassman, K. & Field, C. (2009). Crop yield gaps: Their importance, magnitudes and causes. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. Vol. 34 (2009) 179-204.

Owen, M. & Zelaya, I. (2005). Herbicide-resistant crops and weed resistance to herbicides. Pest Management Science. Vol. 61 (3) 301-311.

(iohazards: The Next Generation?
There is a wide variety of such products and that includes salmon which grow twice as fast as the regular salmon, but nobody is thinking of the consequences when these fish will escape from the farms where they are being cultivated. Some types of plants like poplar, eucalyptus and pine are being modified so that their rate of growth increases and are able to stop reacting from high doses of herbicides. This will help the plants from being converted more easily for paper pulp. There are many efforts to develop bananas that may be useful for giving vaccines to individuals, and many other such experiments are still going on. This sort of results are leading companies like Monsanto, DuPont and Dow to start finding new methods of reaching the components of vaccines, antibodies for human diseases and different types of proteins to be used in industry…...

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Bibliography

Epstein, Ron. Ethical Dangers of Genetic Engineering. Synthesis/Regeneration 20. Fall, 1999. Retrieved at   Accessed on 25 May, 2005http://www.greens.org/s-r/20/20-01.html .

Fong, Mira. Genetic Trespassing and Environmental Ethics. Retrieved at   Accessed on 25 May, 2005http://online.sfsu.edu/%7Erone/GEessays/GENETIC%20TRESPASSING.htm .

Nowak, Rachel. Killer Virus: An engineered mouse virus leaves us one step away from the ultimate bioweapon. New Scientist Online News. 10 January, 2001. Retrieved at   Accessed on 25 May, 2005http://online.sfsu.edu/%7Erone/GEessays/engineeredmousevirus.htm .

Opponent View of Genetic Engineering. Retrieved at Accessed on 25 May, 2005http://library.thinkquest.org/04apr/00774/en/txt/controversy_con.html.

Genetic Engineering
The process of altering genes, or genetic engineering, has become a more heated subject as science and technology continue to evolve. In fact, with DNA technology, genetic modifications within plants and other organisms has become a major development, especially in the world of agriculture and medicine. However, there is still the possibility of the inability to contain the spreading and somewhat "tainting" of non-genetically modified organisms, which seem to be the major concerns of scientists, environmentalists, and organic farmers throughout the nation.

The four articles discuss the possible uses of altering an organism's genetic code in order to further production and efficiency. Three of the articles discuss the prospect of genetically altered genes, as well as the arguments for and against such approval of biotech creations. In February, the United States Department of Agriculture approved an otherwise disallowed manufacturing of genetically engineered sugar beets (Pollack, 2011). In the same month,…...

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Works Cited

Bhanoo, Sindya N. "Altering a Mouse Gene Turns Up Aggression, Study Says." The New York Times [New York] 27 Jan. 2011, Science sec. Print.

Bittman, Mark. "Why Aren't G.M.O. Foods Labeled?" The New York Times [New York] 15 Feb. 2011, Opinionator sec. Print.

Pollack, Andrew. "U.S. Approves Corn Modified for Ethanol." The New York Times [New York] 11 Feb. 2011, Business Day sec. Print.

Pollack, Andrew. "U.S. Says Farmers May Grow Engineered Sugar Beets." The New York Times [New York] 4 Feb. 2011, Business Day sec. Print.

The human body has 25,000 genes approximately which are inherited birth that give the person physical and emotional attributes. Some genes can be defective predisposing one to diseases that may attack them later in life. Other genes may remain dormant and get passed down to their future generations who will suffer from the disease (More 3). This threat can be removed through genetic engineering through preventing or completely eradicating the threat completely. This is done by identifying and repairing them or introducing genes that can negate or combat the defective gene's detrimental effects. Gene therapy can be used to find remedies to non-genetic diseases and it has enabled the treatment of autoimmune and cardiac diseases over the last decade. Genetic engineering has been applied to human reproduction whereby genetic diseases can be identified at the fetal stage so as to enable the doctors take remedial action. Hopefully, as time…...

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Works cited

Boylan, Michael, and Kevin, Brown E. Genetic engineering: science and ethics on the new frontier. Michigan: UOM Press, 2009.

Fridell, Ron. Genetic Engineering. New York: Publisher Lerner, 2006.

Glenn, L.M."Ethical Issues in Genetic Engineering and Transgenics"

ActionBioscience.org. 8 June 2004. 23 Apr. 2010.

Even though Irene is almost perfect, it is her imperfection, an unacceptable chance of heart failure that precludes her from achieving her dream to go into space. Yet in the end her heart does not fail. Initially she questions Vincent's "validity" and surreptitiously has him sequenced. Later she is appalled to discover that he is a "God child," but in the end she helps him maintain his deception and go into space.
The character of Jerome under goes a metamorphosis during the film. A genetically superior specimen, he is paralyzed when he attempts suicide after finishing second in a swimming race and cannot accept his failure. As Vincent observes when he first meets Jerome "there is no gene for fate." Jerome's redemption is achieved through Vincent. Early in their relationship Jerome is bitter about his fate as demonstrated through his over use of alcohol among other things. As the story…...

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References

Arnold P. (2009, November 9). Pros and cons of genetic engineering in humans. Bright Hub Retrieved October 9, 2010, from  http://www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/22210.aspx 

Glenn, L.M. (2004). Ethical issues in genetic engineering and transgenics. American Institute of Biological Sciences. In ActionBioscience.org. Retrieved October 9, 2010, from  http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/glenn.html 

The Hastings Center. (2010). Willard Gaylin. The Hastings Center website. Retrieved October 9, 2010, from  http://www.thehastingscenter.org/About/Board/Detail.aspx?id=1262 

Niccol, A. (Director). (1997). Gattica. [Motion picture]. United States: Columbia Pictures.

Harry Collins with Delta & Pine Land asserts that "protection systems" (the terminator seed) will "…help farmers in all areas of the world gain access to the most technologically advanced tools and products" allowing them to produce "more profitable crops" (Shand, 3). Collins goes on to insist that "traditional farming practices" -- using saved seeds to plant next season's crops -- brings "a gross disadvantage to Third World farmers" because they get "locked into obsolete varieties" (Shand, 4). However, Shand explains that farmers that are "resource-poor" are unlikely to buy terminator seeds and yet they may well wind up with "sterile seed after exchanging or buying seed from better-off farm neighbors." Neth Dano of the Southeast Asian Institute for Community Education (SEARICE) believes that these revolutionary seeds "…could drive millions of farmers out of plant breeding and, since no one else will breed for their needs, out of agriculture altogether"…...

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Bibliography

Conway, Gordon, 1997, The Doubly Green Revolution: Food for all in the Twenty-First Century. Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY.

Eicher, Carl K., Maredia, Karim, and Sithole-Niang, Idah, 2005, 'Biotechnology and the African Farmer,' Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University.

Fresco, Louise O. 2001, 'Spotlight / 2001 -- Genetically Modified Crops,' Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Retrieved August 14, 2011, from http://www.fao.org/ag/magazine/0111sp.htm.

Gartrell, Adam. 2011, 'Africa famine a major crisis: Costello,' The Sydney Morning Herald, Retrieved August 14, 2011, from  http://news.smh.com.au .

This is because of the various allergies, and antibiotic resistant plants and crops. However, arguments are now being made in favor of GE, and there is now evidence that it is possible to produce health as well as environmental benefits to man by the process of GE. Will GE be able to stop world hunger? It is now thought that GE food is necessary if the world were to be fed, that is, the food production and the health care of people would be greatly improved by GE, and this is especially true because of the fact that because of soil erosion, it is no longer possible to cultivate more and more crops in the traditional method. (Biotechnology, Genetically Modified Organisms)
Therefore, GE is of great importance to eradicate the hunger of the millions and millions of people of the world who are hungry. GE will also be of great…...

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References

Definition of Genetic Engineering. Retrieved at   on 8 March, 2005http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&lr=&oi=defmore&q=define:genetic+engineeringAccessed 

McDonagh, Sean. The Pros and Cons of GE Food. Retrieved at   Accessed on 8 March, 2005http://www.columban.com/stateofplanet4.htm .

Pusztai, Arpad. Biotechnology, Genetically Modified Organisms. Retrieved at   Accessed on 8 March, 2005http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/pusztai.html .

Rader, Charles. M.A Report on Genetically Engineered Crops. April 2003. Retrieved at Accessed on 8 March, 2005http://members.tripod.com/c_rader0/gemod.htm.

Genetic Engineering
The alteration of the genetic structure of any organism is done by means of Genetic engineering that provides characters beneficial or pleasing to the individual performing the alternation. In other words it is a treatment of the DNA or RNA pool (Sarah. 2002). For instance, the most greatly well-known example of genetic engineering is the sheep Dolly that was cloned in the year 1996. Here, in order to create Dolly, the scientists took out cells from the udder of a pregnant, six-year-old ewe and then these cells were put into not related host eggs that had their DNA separated. Thus, as an alternate of creating one fertilized egg, a reproduction or a duplicate of an adult animal was made (Sarah. 2002).

Dolly; being a living proof where a fertilized egg is divided few times and later the cells of individual are removed from an embryo. Thus, this sheep was a…...

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Works Cited

Sarah. "Brock-Star " Brocky. Genetic Engineering Alters Life: Imagine the perfect child.

January 2002. www.marian.creighton.edu

Natassja, Voltin. Genetic Engineering.

A www.stobiepiel.com

Genetic Engineering is a tool in the hands of man to break the species barriers to create a more productive and controllable world. This is a delicately balanced issue and unless we exercise enough restraint and responsibility we may end up endangering ourselves and all other forms of life.
Genetic Engineering is the science of gene manipulation. Genetic information is specific to each and every organism in the world. Genetic Engineering is in effect the science that deals with the controlling of the expression of the individual genes within a cell. Today the advancements in science have made possible the selective study of the individual segments of the DNA of a particular species, to isolate them and to infuse them in the DNA of a totally different organism. Genetic Engineering can be viewed as a breakthrough in the study of organisms that effectively disintegrates the distinctions that exists in the different…...

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Bibliography

OLD.R.W, Primrose S.B, "Principles of Gene Manipulation: An Introduction to Genetic Engineering," 1994, Fifth Edition, Blackwell Science, pg 46

Chhatwal.G.R "Textbook of Biotechnology," Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd., First

Edition, 1998 Reprint, pg [101]

Venter Craig', "GE fantasy shattered by human genome project," Accessed on December 12th, 2002, http://www.btinternet.com/~nlpwessex/Documents/GEfantasy.htm

" he Ecumenical Review, 54.
Kneen looks at agricultural genetic engineering and takes the view that because agricultural genetic engineering may help solve food shortage problems as well as enhance the environment, such activities should be looked at positively. Kneen puts good arguments together to make his points, but also writes from a biased viewpoint, so his article should be used in conjunction with other writers who are not quite so biased. His claims that genetic engineering is the only way to increase production and reduce loss to pests seems like hyperbole. He looks to theology, not science, to determine how we should apply genetic knowledge.

Morse, Allison. 1998. "Searching for the Holy Grail: he Human Genome Project and Its Implications." Journal of Law and Health 13.

Morse explains the scope of the Human Genome Project, the extensive research project conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy and the Department of Health and…...

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This paper looks at theories of distributive justice, considering whether distributive justice should help equalize the innate differences between people and proposes that such increased equality between people might be one result of human genetic engineering. However, such an approach has a troubling history, having been attempted by Nazi Germany. The author looks at Rawls's Principles of Distributive Justice in detail. The arguments are sophisticated and complex and the intended audience is someone familiar with the issues discussed.

Robertson, John A. 1994. "The Question of Human Cloning." The Hastings Center Report 24.

Robertson attempt to put media reports in perspective, describing how very far developments in such things as genetic engineering and cloning are from the nightmare fictionall accounts we have seen in Brave New World, and more recently, in Jurassic Park. He presents a variety of scenarios where cloning might be used to control the genes of offspring for infertile couples. Robertson cautiously argues in favor of using cloned embryos to provide transplant organs for a sick sibling, and shows a bias toward what he considers to be responsible use of the technology. he article contains some technical descriptions of the biologic processes but focuses on effects on society.

Genetic engineering is one of the major discoveries of the 20th Century and an important topic in biology because of its link on broad understanding of life development. While its referred to as genetic modification, this field provides humanity with the ability to tackle hunger, combat diseases, and even regulate human behavior. The importance of this issue to the biological field is attributed to its far-reaching implications that have generated controversial philosophical and moral debates. Generally, genetic engineering or genetic modification can be defined as the use of various techniques to modify or manipulate organisms through reproduction and heredity procedures. This field is described as gene cloning or recombinant DNA technology with which gene DNA molecules from different sources are pooled in vitro or cells and entered into host organisms that they are able to propagate ("Genetic Engineering," n.d.).
Article Summary:

The Daily Telegraph published an article regarding the morality of…...

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References:

Alleyne, R. (2012, August 16). Genetically Engineering 'Ethical' Babies is a Moral Obligation,

Says Oxford Professor. The Telegraph. Retrieved January 17, 2013, from  http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/9480372/Genetically-engineering-ethical-babies-is-a-moral-obligation-says-Oxford-professor.html 

"Extreme Genetic Engineering: An Introduction to Synthetic Biology" (2007, January). ETC

Group. Retrieved January 17, 2013, from  https://www.cbd.int/doc/emerging-issues/etcgroup-introduction-synthetic-biology-2011-013-en.pdf

Consider the use of genetic modification, for example, to modify genes not for life-saving procedures but for aesthetic changes. Remember that when one alters the DNA of a human being, even for a supposedly benign but necessary fashion, like making a short child taller, this DNA will be passed down to future generations of that child. This calls into question the ownership of the child's DNA. (Bereano, 1995) Modifying a child's gene to save his or her life, without a very young child's consent, might be considered within ethical guidelines, like providing resuscitation to an unconscious person who cannot give consent, but non-necessary procedures are far more questionable. hat if the short child wished to become a jockey, or a gymnast? How can a parent determine what the child finds aesthetically pleasing, or even how society will define such constructs as beauty, good character, or intelligence, when that child is…...

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Works Cited

Anders Aberg, "Bridging the Gap between Model Systems and Human

Biology." Originally published in Genetic Engineering News. Nov 1, 2005. Vol. 25, No. 19. [6 Nov 2006]

 http://www.genengnews.com/articles/chitem.aspx?aid=878 

Bereano, Phillip L. "Body and Soul: The price of biotech." Seattle Times. 20 Aug 1995:

One on hand, you have various proponents who will argue that this will address these kinds of issues. This is because you are modifying the DNA enough, that are creating changes in the way various organisms are responding to their environment. Over the course of time, this will have a positive impact on world hunger by: ensuring that there are more available strains of plants, the organisms are able to cope with the extreme weather conditions, there are larger crop yields and many products will stay fresh longer. These different factors are important, because they are showing how genetic engineering can address the fundamental problems affecting many different regions of the world. As, this will provide: developed and developing nations with greater choices about their food supply. Once this takes place, it means that this will have a positive impact upon the issue of world hunger by: making certain…...

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Bibliography

Aleteri, M. (2004). Genetic Engineering in Agriculture. Oakland, CA: First Books.

Cohen, M. (2010). Genetic Engineering. New York, NY: Crabtree Publishing.

Cunningham, W. (2008). Principles of environmental science: Inquiry and applications. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Easton, T. (2008). Taking sides: Clashing views on controversial environmental issues. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Perfection
Genetic engineering is neither good nor bad, but the outcome could be judged as one or the other (Dawkins, 1998). We, as a species, have been manipulating nature's gene pool since before recorded history, intentionally selecting for specific traits in food crops, flowers, trees, race horses, pets, our romantic partners, and for many of us, our friends. This human-mediated selection process represents a mechanism of evolution, one with significant power and impact. The historical goals of such manipulations have been the enhancement of species survival and lifestyle. Determining whether these intentional selection pressures produce good or bad outcomes most often occurs in hindsight, but not always. Some efforts are obviously a good or bad idea from the start, and even when we can predict the outcome our record is mixed.

Almost everyone would agree that eliminating a lethal virus like smallpox from the world would be a generally good idea…...

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References

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2011). Smallpox. Website. Retrieved July 14, 2011 from  http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/smallpox.html 

Mitchell, Philip B., Meiser, Bettina, Wilde, Alex, Fullerton, Janice, Donald, Jennifer, Wilhelm, Kay, and Schofield, Peter R. (2010). Predictive and diagnostic genetic testing in psychiatry. Clinical Laboratory Medicine, 30, 829-846.

Whitaker, R. (2002). Mad in America: Bad science, bad medicine, and the enduring mistreatment of the mentally ill. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing.

Dawkins, Richard. (1998, August 19). Where do the real dangers of genetic engineering lie? London Evening Standard. Retrieved July 14, 2011 from  http://www.scribd.com/doc/17464103/Where-Do-the-Real-Dangers-of-Genetic-Engineering-l

Likewise, aspects of genetic engineering and stem cell technology offer long-term hope for victims of traumatic paralysis through the use of to repair spinal cord damage by providing artificially engineered nerve growth.
Ethical Controversies:

Precisely because genetic engineering allows scientists to manipulate the very essence of what makes us who we are, the field has generated significant opposition.

eligious beliefs about the sanctity and "special" character of human life inspired intense political opposition to the wider incorporation of genetic engineering science necessary to reap its full benefit by successfully promoting and lobbying for bans on federal funding on some of the most beneficial applications of genetic engineering (Pollack 2007).

Secular medical ethicists have also raised concerns based on the potential use of genetic engineering for full-scale human cloning. In principle, the same technologies that enable the development of autogenic human tissues and organs are also capable of producing human beings without the necessity…...

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REFERENCES

Aldridge, Susan (1998) the Thread of Life: The Story of Genes and Genetic Engineering. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Elias, Paul. Pursuing Healthier Bacon through Genetic Engineering. The Associated Press; Mar. 26/06. Retrieved March 31, 2008, from the U.S.A. Today website, at  http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/biotech/2006-03-26-biotech-bacon_x.htm?POE=TECISVA 

Gribbin, John. (2002) the Scientists: A History of Science Told Through the Lives of Its Greatest Inventors. New York: Random House.

Pollack, Andrew. After Stem-Cell Breakthrough the Real Work Begins. The New York Times, Nov. 27/07 (p. F1) Sagan, C. (1997) Billions and Billions: Thoughts on Life and Death at the Brink of the Millennium. New York: Random House

Certainly! Here are some science essay topic suggestions:

1. The impact of climate change on the environment.
2. The role of renewable energy sources in reducing carbon emissions.
3. Exploring the potential health benefits of genetic engineering.
4. The effects of plastic pollution on marine life and ecosystems.
5. The future of space exploration and its potential for human colonization.
6. The ethical considerations of using animal testing in medical research.
7. The development and implications of artificial intelligence in various fields.
8. The challenges and benefits of using nanotechnology in medicine.
9. Exploring the effects of deforestation on biodiversity and climate change.
10. The impact of technology on human....

Of course! Here are some essay topics that can help you practice writing an outline:

1. The effects of social media on modern society
2. The importance of mental health awareness
3. The impact of climate change on the environment
4. The role of technology in education
5. The benefits and drawbacks of remote work
6. The history of immigration in the United States
7. The significance of voting in a democracy
8. The rise of online shopping and its effects on traditional retail
9. The portrayal of women in the media
10. The challenges and opportunities of globalization

Feel free to choose any of these topics to create an outline....

1. The Role of Plants in the Earth's Ecosystem

Discuss the significance of plants in producing oxygen through photosynthesis and absorbing carbon dioxide, thus maintaining the balance of atmospheric gases.
Explore the role of plants in nutrient cycling, soil conservation, and providing habitat and food for wildlife.
Analyze the impact of human activities, such as deforestation and pollution, on plant communities and ecosystem health.

2. Plant Adaptations to Diverse Environments

Describe the various adaptations that plants have evolved to survive in different habitats, including deserts, rainforests, and aquatic environments.
Discuss how plant structures, such as leaf morphology, root systems, and reproductive....

1. The use of genetic engineering in creating designer babies
2. The ethics of animal testing in scientific research
3. The impact of social media on privacy and ethical boundaries
4. The ethical implications of artificial intelligence and automation in the workforce
5. The ethical considerations of data mining and surveillance in the digital age
6. The ethical responsibilities of pharmaceutical companies in pricing and distributing life-saving medications
7. The ethics of factory farming and its impact on animal welfare and the environment
8. The ethical dilemmas surrounding end-of-life care and physician-assisted suicide
9. The ethical implications of technology companies manipulating user data for profit
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