Virginity and Gender Identity in the Arab World.
In many cultures the significance of female virginity is closely aligned with that of gender identity and oppression. In traditional Arab cultures and many African societies, virginity is still linked to the prescribed role and function of the women in that society. Furthermore, this occurs in patriarchal societies where males dominate the social structure and determine the nature of female identity.

In these societies a woman's virginity become a measure of her worth and a sign of her "acceptability" as a marriage partner. Therefore the female body is in fact manipulated as a central factor in the male oppression of female identity and the relegation of the worth of women to their function as a sexual and reproductive object. In other words, the significance of women becomes reduced to that of a sexual object for use and control in many societies today.

This fact is…...

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Papas, V. "ATHEIST FOUNDATION OF AUSTRALIA INC. ISLAM and WOMEN'S RIGHTS." Available from   Internet; accessed 6 July 2005.http://www.atheistfoundation.org.au/islamrights.htm ;

ibid

  d=102733639?Akbar S. Ahmed, Discovering Islam: Making Sense of Muslim History and Society (London: Routledge, 2002), 193. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o& ;

Once an international organization has delved into such details about a society, then they would be in a better position to know which areas to assign women and which ones not to and instead assign men and the reverse is applicable too.
Yet another significant aspect to look into is the non-verbal communication among the various cultures and the applicability of such between the two genders. It is worth noting that the nonverbal signs are not universal in anyway, even simple things like nodding to indicate agreement may mean directly the opposite in other cultures. It is therefore important to know the various different interpretations of the nonverbal signs that exist in a community that a give multinational has chosen to engage in. this understanding must go further to understand the various nonverbal signs that cannot be used with women or in the presence of women since there are some…...

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References

Becky Mulvaney, (1994). Gender Differences in Communication: An Intercultural Experience.

Retrieved November 2, 2011 from http://feminism.eserver.org/gender-differences.txt

Dictionary.com, LLC. (2011). Gender Identity. Retrieved November 2, 2011 from  http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/gender+identity 

Laray M. Barna, "Stumbling Blocks in Intercultural Communication," in Intercultural

How would you describe gender identification based on the literature?Gender identity and its corresponding impacts on society have become a very contentious issues within political and social discourse. Conservatives often argue that gender identification should be based on the sexual organs an individual possesses. Based on this identical, there should be no room for error as it relates to identifying a man or a woman. Recently, organizations have challenges this thought process and have asserted that an individuals personal gender identity is based on how they perceive themselves. For example, an individual with a male sexual organ can identify as a woman based on their own perceptions. This notion of gender identification is based off self-identity rather than having it assigned to an individual based on their sexual organs. The first approach in literature is referred to as a binary gender classification. Here humans are separate into distinct categories based…...

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References:

1. Blaise, M. (2009). “‘What a girl wants, what a girl needs’: Responding to sex, gender, and sexuality in the early childhood classroom.” Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 23(4), 450-460.

Room of Her Own," feminist author Virginia Woolf decries the lack of true women litterateurs in modern society. (Lewis, 2003) This essay however, will not be a diatribe against society or members of the male gender, but a true assessment of gender identity of women as their lives evolve from childhood to adolescence to adulthood.
Gender identity involves not only sexuality and sexual proclivities -- as in the establishment of the sexuality of the transgendered. Female gender identity arises from how a woman interacts in and with society. Traditionally, conformation to society's norms was considered paramount. Society says that a young woman should be: assigned female at birth, be feminine, see herself as a woman, and be attracted to men. Therefore, consider the definitions of some basic concepts. Gender refers to the sociocultural facet of being male or female. Sex refers to the biological side of things. Gender Identity is…...

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Bibliography

Branden, N. The Power of Self-Esteem. Deerfield Beach, Flo.: Health Communications, 1992.

Dewing, P., et al. "Sexually Dimorphic Gene Expression in Mouse Brain Precedes Gonadal Differentiation." Brain Res Mol Brain Res 118.1-2 (2003): 82-90.

Harper, J.F., and Marshall, E. "Adolescents' Problems and Their Relationship to Self-Esteem." Adolescence 26.104 (1991): 799-808.

Lewis, J.J. Magdalene Sisters. 2003. About.com. Available:

Sex vs. Gender VideoSex refers to biologygenitalia, chromosomes, hormones, and so on. Sex is all objectively determined. Gender, however, is subjective, according to the lecture: gender is how you move through the world, and how you see yourself as well as how others see you. In the lecture Dr. BP even admits that these concepts are confusing and that even though it is important to understand the distinctions between the two, it is easy to confuse them.I would have to agree with that statementespecially when it comes to identifying others. So, for instance, what happens if a person who is objectively a mani.e., his biological sex is malemoves through the world identifying as a woman. He identifies as a woman and wants to be seen as a woman. Yet, another person, identifies him still as a male. This entire situation seems explosive and like a giant conflict waiting to happen.…...

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Works Cited

Transgender Experiences. PPT. Week 5.

ace and Gender in the Movie Entre Nos
Entre Nos

One of the most common cities in the United States for Colombian immigrants to flee to, like Mariana and her family did in the 2009 film, Entre Nos, is to the projects of Jackson Heights in Queens, New York, known by the residents as "El Chapinerito" which is named after the city of Bogota in their country. Many Colombian immigrants left the country for the States after the trade and industry depression in the 1960s to search for work in the bigger urban cities to be able to provide for their families like millions of other settlers. From 1960 to 1977 the Immigration and Naturalization Service reported almost 120,000 Colombians migrated to the United States to set themselves free from their poverty stricken streets to a more industrialized nation like the diverse and booming market that was developing within and surrounding suburbs…...

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References

Hill, L. Department of Public Policy. (2011). English proficiency of immigrants. Sacramento, CA: Retrieved from  http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=817 

Sturner, P. (2011). Colombian americans. Retrieved from  http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Bu-Dr./Colombian-Americans.html

Sex and Gender: Why Killermann et al. View the Traditional Gender Binary as “Sick” In his TedX talk, Sam Killermann explains that sexuality and gender are two different things: “one does not dictate the other,” he says. Instead, gender is something that is culturally articulated to boys and girls from an early age onwards: boys are taught to be rough and tumble, aggressive, to “like the color blue,” as Killlermann adds. While girls are taught to “play house” and to let the boys take charge. In other words, these are stereotypes that are culturally perpetuated according to Killermann and others—like Katie Rogers, who notes that “when Corey Cogdell-Unrein of the U.S. Olympic team won a bronze medal in women’s trap shooting,” a major American newspaper described her only as the wife of a Chicago Bears football player. Her identity was informed by her male companion in her life—i.e., her gender identity…...

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Works Cited

Gramlich, John. “10 things we learned about gender issues in the U.S. in 2017,” Pew Research Center, Dec. 28, 2017. www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/12/28/10-things-we-learned-about-gender-issues-in-the-u-s-in-2017/

Killermann, Sam. “Understanding the Complexities of Gender.” YouTube, May 3, 2013.

Lorber, Judith. “Night to His Day: The Social Construction of Gender.” In The Social Construction of Difference: Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality, 55-68.

Rogers, Katie. “Sure, These Women Are Winning Olympic Medals, but Are They Single?” The New York Times, Aug. 18, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/19/sports/olympics/sexism-olympics-women.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRcPXtqdKjE

Although discriminating against transgender people creates detrimental psychological and social outcomes, there are important reasons to disallow transgender people from using any bathroom they would like. For one, there are legal and ethical reasons why transgender people should use the bathroom that corresponds with their birth sex. Transgender people are no better than anyone else, and no more deserving of special rights and privileges. If a transgender person is allowed to use any bathroom, then every person would be entitled to the same right. Transgenders should not use the opposite sex bathroom as it would cause chaos and mass invasions of the privacy of ordinary people. For example, men would readily walk into the female washrooms and cause disturbances or even practice predatory behavior. Second, transgender people may be in transition. During the time of transition, the person’s gender will not be immediately apparent, and the person’s gender identity is…...

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References

Grinberg, E. & Stewart, D. (2017). 3 myths that shape the transgender bathroom debate. CNN. March 7, 2017. Retrieved online:

Karimi, F. & Grinberg, E. (2017). Trump’s reversal on transgender bathroom directive. CNN. Feb 23, 2017. Retrieved online: http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/23/health/transgender-bathrooms-trump-q-and-a/index.html

LAMBDA Legal (2017). Know your rights. Retrieved online: https://www.lambdalegal.org/know-your-rights/article/trans-restroom-faq

Schmidt, D.A. (2013). Bathroom bias. Michigan Journal of Gender and Law 20(1).

Seelman, K.L. (2016). Transgender adults’ access to college bathrooms and housing and the relationship to suicidality. Journal of Homosexuality 63(10): 1378-1399.

Teeman, T. (2017). The fight against the anti-transgender bathroom bill that could mess with Texas. Daily Beast. Retrieved online: https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-fight-against-the-anti-transgender-bathroom-bill-that-could-mess-with-texas

http://www.cnn.com/2017/03/07/health/transgender-bathroom-law-facts-myths/index.html

Gender Identity
The factors that mediate and account for gender identity and sex differentiation include those attributed to nature, such as hormones and genes, and those attributed to nurture, such as environment. esearch has demonstrated that hormones and genetics play an integral role in gender identity and associated behaviors (Wilson, 1999; Hines, 2006; Hines (2008). What are these hormones and how exactly have they been determined to influence gender identity? The following outlines scientific findings surrounding nature and its involvement in the development of gender identity.

Gender identity and human sexual behavior are involved in perceptions of oneself as male or female, gender role behaviors, and how sexuality is communicated to others (Wilson, 1999). How gender identity manifests and expresses itself is inherently different in men and women (Wilson, 1999). esearch has demonstrated that testosterone exposure during early periods of development that are considered critical result in permanent behavior change in areas…...

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References

Hines, M. (2006). Prenatal testosterone and gender-related behavior. European Journal of Endocrinology, 155, S115-S121.

Hines, M. (2008). Early androgen influences on human neural and behavioural development. Early Human Development, 84(12), 805-7.

Wilson, J.D. (1999). The role of androgens in male gender role behavior. Endocrine Reviews, 20(5), 726-37.

GENDE IDENTITY Explain interaction hormones behavior interactions affect determination gender identity. Address paper: Include roles biological factors - nature- environmental influences-nutrue- sexual differentiation gender identity.
The interaction between hormones and behavior

Essentially, the difference in the brain of males and females is mostly realized in the concepts of sex and gender aspects. Most of these realizations have been made in the recent years as researchers have focused on the structure and functionalism of the human brain. In this regard, it is realized that particular human characteristics realized in certain individuals usually relate to a particular structure of the brain of such individuals. For instance, it has been established that most students who are good in mathematics will usually have a particular brain structure coupled with certain complexities like allergies and shortsightedness Garrett, 2003.

Such unrelated characteristics usually result out of certain conditions both prenatal and postnatal.

Studies have demonstrated that most women usually perform…...

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References

Bronson, P., & Merryman, A. (2009). NurtureShock: new thinking about children. New York: Twelve.

Chrisler, J.C., & McCreary, D.R. (2010). Handbook of gender research in psychology. New York: Springer.

Damon, W. (2001). Handbook of child psychology (5th ed.). New York: J. Wiley.

. The Determination of Gender Identity and Biopsychology | Beate Landgraf -- " Praxis fur Psychotherapie (HPG). (n.d.). Beate Landgraf -- " Praxis fur Psychotherapie (HPG). Retrieved July 19, 2012, from  http://www.praxis-landgraf.de/2011/10/the-determination-of-gender-identity-and-biopsychology/

Even strong women are feminized in the media and in advertising. Burton Nelson notes, "In a Sears commercial, Olympic basketball players apply lipstick, paint their toenails, rock babies, lounge in bed, and pose and dance in their underwear" (Nelson Burton 442). These are all very feminine characteristics, and women feel they must be feminine not only to fit in society but also to catch a man, and that is what the media tells women they should aspire to - catching a man. These messages begin very early, and children buy into them wholeheartedly. Children mimic the role models they see on television, and young women strive to be like the women they admire - thin, petite, beautiful, and often witless. The media celebrates all of these things by glorifying women like Paris Hilton, Britney Spears, and Lindsay Lohan. These and many other young women are role models for many…...

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References

Blum, Deborah. "The Gender Blur: Where Does Biology End and Society Take Over?" Signs of Life in the U.S.A., 5th ed. Maasik & Solomon, eds. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2006. 475-482.

Burton Nelson, Mariah. "I Won. I'm Sorry." Signs of Life in the U.S.A., 5th ed. Maasik & Solomon, eds. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2006. 439-445.

Craig, Steve. "Men's Men and Women's Women." Signs of Life in the U.S.A., 5th ed. Maasik & Solomon, eds. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2006. 161-173.

Devor, Aaron. "Gender Role Behaviors and Attitudes" Signs of Life in the U.S.A., 5th ed. Maasik & Solomon, eds. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2006. 458-464.

Firstly, males tend to base their self-worth on what they have accomplished as individuals. This is an "independent self-concept." Females on the other hand, tend to judge themselves more in terms of an "interconnected self-concept," meaning that they assess themselves in terms of how they interact with other people. esearch has also demonstrated however that in countries like the United States, which are considered to be relatively individualistic, the independent self-concept prevails. However in countries in which community is valued higher than individualism, such as it is in numerous countries in Asia, South America and Africa, the interconnected self-concept is much more prominent. This demonstrates that socialization plays a major role in a person's concept of self because if these concepts were innate, then males and females in all cultures would view themselves by inherently devised standards as opposed to socially determined ones.
It is generally accepted that gender socialization…...

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References

Cross, S.E., & Madson, L. (1997). Models of the self: Self-construals and gender. Psychological Bulletin, 122, 5 -- 37

Good, G.E., Dell, D.M., & Mintz, L.B. (1989). Male role and gender role conflict: Relations to help seeking in men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36, 295-300.

Sanchez, F.J. & Vilain, E. (2009) Collective self-esteem as a coping resource for male-to- female transsexuals. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(1), 202-209

Sharpe, M.J., & Heppner, P. P (1991). Gender role, gender role conflict, and psychological well-being in men, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38(3), 323-330

ibliography

Mouffak, Faycal; Gallarda, Thierry; aup, Nicolas; Olie, Jean-Pierre; and Krebs, Marie-Odile (2007) Gender Identity Disorders and ipolar Disorder Associated With the Ring Y Chromosome. American Journal Psychiatry 164:1122-1123 July 2007. Online available at http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/164/7/1122#R1647CHDJECID

Childhood Gender-Identity Disorder Diagnosis Under Attack (2007) National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality. NARTH. Leadership U. Online available at http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/narth/childhood.html

Osborne, Duncan (2003) Voices - Identity Crisis. OUT magazine. Los Angeles, April 2003. Liberation Publications, Inc. Online available at http://www.antijen.org/Out.html

Hepp U, Kraemer , Schnyder U, Miller N, Delsignore a: Psychiatric comorbidity in gender identity disorder. J Psychosom Res 2005; 58:259-261

Habermeyer E, Kamps I, Kawohl W: A case of bipolar psychosis and transsexualism. Psychopathology 2003; 36:168-170

Diagnosing and Treating Gender Identity in Women (1997) Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health eJournal. 1997 Online available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/430853_4

Zucker, K.J. (1985) Cross-gender-identified children. Chapter 4 in .W. Steiner (ED.) Gender Dysphoria: Development, Research, Management, New York. Plenum Publishing Corp., 1985.

Davies, N. (2007)…...

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Bibliography

Mouffak, Faycal; Gallarda, Thierry; Baup, Nicolas; Olie, Jean-Pierre; and Krebs, Marie-Odile (2007) Gender Identity Disorders and Bipolar Disorder Associated With the Ring Y Chromosome. American Journal Psychiatry 164:1122-1123 July 2007. Online available at  http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/164/7/1122#R1647CHDJECID 

Childhood Gender-Identity Disorder Diagnosis Under Attack (2007) National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality. NARTH. Leadership U. Online available at http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/narth/childhood.html

Osborne, Duncan (2003) Voices - Identity Crisis. OUT magazine. Los Angeles, April 2003. Liberation Publications, Inc. Online available at http://www.antijen.org/Out.html

Hepp U, Kraemer B, Schnyder U, Miller N, Delsignore a: Psychiatric comorbidity in gender identity disorder. J Psychosom Res 2005; 58:259-261

3. Where did you find it? (Book, article, URL, etc.)

The information was found at http://www.religiousbook.net/Books/Online_books/Sx/S_5.htm, and it was actually presented in a very sensitive and informative way.

4. Further thoughts:

The understanding of human sexuality has perhaps served to bring a dimension of maturity to my own thinking about human sexuality. Often times these things are taken for granted, but when we begin exploring them at an academic level, we find that we probably were not so well informed as we might have at first believed ourselves to be. It is incredibly interesting to me that the brain and the skin are two of the most significantly involved organs in the sexual act, and yet they have so much to do with the pleasure derived from intimacy that it almost makes one feel kind of silly to have overlooked it, or to have let it go without great thought.

Learning about human sexuality…...

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A Massachusetts woman was raped by her boyfriend's brother, but because she thought she was having sex with her boyfriend, the brother could not be charged with rape because the Hampton County woman had consensual sex, and was not forced to have sex with the man. The details of the case are this: the woman and boyfriend lived in the boyfriend's family home, in the basement. While her boyfriend was at work, the brother entered the basement bedroom that the couple shared, naked, and when the woman called to him by name, the man did not respond, but got into bed with her, undressed her and engaged in sex. When the act was completed, the man got out of bed to leave the room and when he opened the door, the woman was able to see that it was not her boyfriend.

Massachusetts law (see   says that an act of rape is one that is accomplished by force; it does not have a clause for rape by "fraud." Even though the man is alleged to have allowed the woman to believe he was someone he was not, he did not use force to accomplish the sexual act. Therefore, at that time, there was no statute under Massachusetts State law by which to prosecute the defendant, and he was released.http://www.mass.gov/legis/laws/mgl/265-22.htm )

In 2006 when this event occurred, the jury that heard the case ended with a hung jury, no verdict. The defendant maintains that he did not pose as his brother, and that the sexual act was consensual. Massachusetts lawmakers said they planned to update the law, but as of this date, it remains unchanged via internet search.

" (Barry, 36) He continues to suggest that women shouldn't care what they look like either. He says that women may say they are obsessed with looks because men want them to be, but argues that (a) women shouldn't be idiots just because men are, and (b) that men don't recognize women's beauty efforts anyway. "Many men would no notice if a woman had upward of four hands." (Barry, 36)
McLaughlin does not deny that the gender stereotypes are precisely as Barry reports them to be, though she recognizes as stereotypical what he claims as truth. She says that it had always before been that "what mattered in life was how women looked and what men did." (McLaughlin, 31) This is talking about the same thing Barry is when he says that men would find some way to bolster self-esteem other than appearance. However, McLaughlin continues to point out, that this…...

1. The Importance of School Dress Code

2. Examining the Impact of Dress Code on Student Behavior

3. Debunking Common Myths About School Dress Code

4. Addressing the Controversy Surrounding School Dress Code Policies

5. Exploring the Benefits of Implementing a School Dress Code

6. Analyzing the Role of School Dress Code in Promoting a Positive Learning Environment

7. The Link Between Dress Code and Academic Performance

8. Understanding the Rationale Behind School Dress Code Rules

9. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Different Types of Dress Code Policies

10. Strategies for Ensuring Fair and Equitable Enforcement of School Dress Code Rules
11. The Influence of Social Media and Technology on School....

1. The Role of Tarot in Mental Health and Therapy: Investigate how tarot cards can be used as a tool for self-reflection, introspection, and personal growth in therapy and mental health practices.

2. Tarot and Cultural Appropriation: Explore the ethical issues surrounding the use of tarot cards from various cultural backgrounds, and the impact of appropriation on the practice of tarot reading.

3. Tarot and Gender Identity: Examine how tarot cards can be used to explore and redefine traditional gender roles and stereotypes, and how they can be a tool for individuals to express and affirm their gender identity.

4. Tarot and Quantum....

1. The influence of society on individual identity
2. Personal identity and how it shapes our relationships with others
3. The role of race and ethnicity in shaping one's identity
4. Gender identity and its impact on societal expectations
5. The intersectionality of identities and how they interact with one another
6. Identity formation in adolescence and its long-term effects
7. The impact of social media on self-image and identity
8. Identity crisis and the struggle to find oneself
9. Cultural identity and the preservation of heritage
10. Identity politics and its influence on modern society.
11. The role of family in shaping individual identity
12. The influence of language and....

1. The role of attachment theory in child development
2. The impact of parenting styles on children's behavior and mental health
3. The effects of early childhood experiences on later development
4. The influence of genetics and environment on human development
5. The importance of socialization in shaping personality development
6. The role of play in cognitive and social development
7. The effects of trauma and adversity on developmental outcomes
8. The significance of identity formation during adolescence
9. The impact of technology and screen time on child development
10. The relationship between emotional intelligence and success in adulthood.
11. How culture and society influence child development and behavior.
12. The....