MILITARY CHAPLAINS' FACILITATION OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
Military Chaplain's Facilitation of Religious Freedom
Chaplains help ameliorate many hardships for service members, like the inability to attend church regularly, participate in religious studies, or even talk about faith with like-minded people. Chaplains don't have to be Christians, and do, in fact, tend to service members of all denominations and faiths. Not only do chaplains conduct services when they can, but they also counsel service members who would otherwise refuse mental health services. As American service members work on international missions, their chaplains also find themselves ministering to soldiers from all over the world, speaking many languages. This requires them to help facilitate religious freedom for all of the service members under their care.
In South Africa, military chaplains are seen as the guardians of "first human right - religious freedom" (Lampman 1999). Therefore, internationally, chaplains facilitate religious freedom, not only for their own service members,…...
mlaBibliography
Greenberg, Eric J. "Vatican Rep Accuses Israel Of 'Blood Libel,' Harsh Exchange Seen As Major Interfaith Setback." The Jewish Week, July 23, 1999.
Headquarters, Department of the Army. "Army Chaplain Corps Activities." U.S. Army Chaplain Corps. December 3, 2009. (accessed November 19, 2011).http://www.chapnet.army.mil/Documents/r165_1.pdf
International Chief of Chaplains Conference. (accessed 2011).http://www.eucom.mil/key-activities/partnership-programs/ICCC
Lampman, Jane. Taking faith to the 'new' front lines. March 4, 1999. (accessed November 19, 2011).http://www.csmonitor.com/1999/0304/p15s1.html
Federalist PaperAs Smith points out, in diverse populations, there are often gaps in beliefs that can be challenging obstacles to creating political unity. However, it is possible for a political community to cope with divergent beliefs by expressing affirmation of particular beliefs at some levels without requiring a single unified approach to all issues. This concept, of \\\'layered believing,\\\' can help a community bridge those divides while still respecting individual beliefs and ideas. Such an approach has the potential to ensure that differences in belief can coexist within a given community without impeding its collective growth and cohesion. As such, layered believing is a vital tool for maintaining social harmony in diverse societies with multiple points of view.[footnoteRef:2] [2: Steven Smith, Our Agnostic Constitution, NYU Law Rev, 83.1 (2008) https://www.nyulawreview.org/issues/volume-83-number-1/our-agnostic-constitution/]However, with that said, one change that should be seriously considered to help achieve this goal is a broadening and clarification…...
mlaBibliographySteven Smith, “Our Agnostic Constitution,” NYU Law Rev, 83.1 (2008) of Canterbury, “Civil and Religious Law in England,” 2008. https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/feb/07/religion.world3https://www.nyulawreview.org/issues/volume-83-number-1/our-agnostic-constitution/ Archbishop
Religion
here is a rather complex juxtaposition between the ideals of the founding of the United States and the presumption of religious conversion. he historical and sociological paradigm of religion in America actually spans the great migration of tribes from Asia over the Alaskan land bridge and evolved into various Native American cultures and the European contact between the early 1600s and even into the 20th century. Most of the Amerindian cultures worshiped a naturalistic religion that focused on harmony with nature, a group of Gods that represented spirits of parts of nature, and ways to explain all the natural phenomenon (weather, birth, death, etc.) that are common to human cultures. Religion was more all-encompassing and an approach to explain the universe. Since everything within the universe was part of the natural order, and therefore sacred, these cultures tended to revere all that was in nature and placed humans as Guardians…...
mlaThis conundrum was not adequately addressed during the Constitutional Convention, and it was not until Thomas Jefferson became President that the issue became publically important. In 1802, for instance, members of the Danbury Baptist Association wrote to Jefferson with concerns about the Constitutional requirement for freedom of religion. Jefferson replied, assuring the coalition that there freedoms would be protected and cherished. He noted his previous work from 1777-79 under the Virginia Statute for religious freedom: "Whereas, Almighty God hath created the mind free… That even the forcing him to support [a state religion] or that teacher of his own religious persuasion is depriving him of the comfortable liberty of giving his contributions…That our civil rights have no dependence on our religious opinions any more than our opinions in physics or geometry…yet we are free to declare… the natural rights of mankind" Lippy). This, in essence, formed the basis of the notion that the State cannot make a law establishing a religion or force individual citizens to follow anything other than what they deem appropriate for their own individual belief and need.
Source:
Lippy, C. Introducing American Religion. New York: Routledge, 2009.
And bee it also Enacted by the Authority and with the advise and assent aforesaid that whatsoever person or persons shall from henceforth use or utter any reproachfull words or Speeches concerning blessed Virgin Marv the Mother of Our Saviour or the holy Apostles or Evangelists or any of them shall in such case for the first offence forfeit to the said Lord Proprietary and his heirs Lords and Proprietaries of this Province the sume of five pound Sterling or the value thereof to be Levyed on the goods and chattells of every such person soe offending, but in case such Offender or Offenders, shall not then have goods and chattells sufficient for the satisfying of such forfeiture, or that the same bee not otherwise speedily satisfyed that then such Offender or Offenders Shall be publiquely whipt and bee imprisoned during the pleasure, of the Lord Proprietary or the…...
mlaWorks Cited www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=90445657
Bonomi, Patricia U. Under the Cope of Heaven: Religion, Society, and Politics in Colonial America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Questia. 24 Sept. 2007 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=90445659 .
A www.geocities.com/lawandabrewer_uncp"Brewer, Jaques, Jones, and King. (2001). 23 Sept 2007 http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/16071783/religion.htm .
Crossing the Ocean to Keep the Faith: The Puritans. (2007) Library of Congress. 23 Sept 2007 http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel01.html .
Friedrich Von Schlegel (1772-1829), German philosopher. Idea 14 in Selected Ideas (1799-1800), Franklin, Benjamin. His Autobiography. Vol. I, Part 1. The Harvard Classics. New York: P.F. Collier & Son, 1909-14; Bartleby.com, 2001. www.bartleby.com/1/1/.23 Sept 2007 http://www.bartleby.com/1/1/4.html .
If the teacher and the majority of the class were engaged in prayer, that student will undoubtedly be receiving the message that his or her beliefs are inferior and not as important. Schools are the primary institutions of forming social and political identities, and it is for this reason that they must be kept religiously neutral.
Allowing religion into public schools will only increase feelings of separatism and inequality in this country. It is not only Constitutionally forbidden, but it is also ethically and morally prohibited. Whether or not the religion is permitted to directly influence the workings of the class, members of non-dominant religions or who are not at all religious will necessarily feel inferior to the rest of the class. The protection of their rights in the face of other's actions is the primary concern of the Constitution.
Outline
Introduction
I. Freedom of religion is a founding principle.
II. This has led…...
Even though the lines may be quite bold between democrats and republicans, the BBC found that 65% of Americans believe "churches should not endorse candidates," and 51% agree that "churches should express views on political matters" (Greene 2002-2008, graphics box).
IV. Summary/Conclusion
The question of whether or not a candidate's personal religious beliefs should be used on the campaign trail is a problematic one, with two equally valid points-of-view. Those who say it should state that this is information that they need to know as voters, since religion is important to them. Those who say it should note state that this information increases fraudulent activities among campaigners and casts a frightening forecast for what the candidate may do in office. The data seems to support both sides, suggesting that voters think the candidate's religious ideas and the church should be involved in his or her bid for office. However, the data…...
mlaWorks Cited
American Atheists. (2009, Jan. 20). Atheists Thank President Obama for Mention at Inauguration. Retrieved Jan, 25, 2009, from Opposing Views. Web Site: ttp:/ / www.opposingviews.com/articles/opinion-atheists-thank-president-obama-for-mention-at-inauguration
Greene, R.A. (2004, Sept. 15). Religion and politics in America. Retrieved Feb. 24, 2009 from the BBC. Web Site: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3658172.stm
Montanaro, D. (2007, Oct. 30). The Role of Religion in Politics. Retreived Jan. 24, 2009 from MSNBC. Web Site: http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/10/30/438033.aspx
Chaava, M. (2002-2009). Should religion play an important role in choosing presidential candidates? Retrieved Jan. 24, 2009, from Helium. Web Site: http://www.helium.com/debates/132931-should-religion-important-choosing/side_by_side
S. citizens. In this program designed to help young ones value the freedoms they currently experience:
according to Tyler Barnwell, stands for grievance, as in "to petition the government for a redress of grievances." which denotes religious freedom, Leslie Anne Hill, a Presbyterian, states:
"means you don't have to follow a certain religion." stands for freedom of assembly, Sherri Jones states is "the right to get together with other people peaceably, but not to disturb anyone." which is for freedom of speech, Stephanie Kenfield relates: "means you can say anything you want to say, and nobody can stop you or anything, but not bad words and stuff." stands for freedom of the press, Justin Jolly explains: "You could write and say anything you want on a piece of paper or in a newspaper or anything like that." "Getting a grasp..., 1994)
The ruling for The Alpha Epsilon Pi v. The College of Staten…...
mlaReferences
http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000957726
Blankley, T. (2001, March 7). Freedom under Siege. The Washington Times, p. 17.
Cicero, Marcus Tullius. (1996). The Columbia World of Quotations. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. Retrieved 12 December 2006 from www.bartleby.com/66/65/12465.html.
COURT THROWS OUT LAW USED TO BAN WEEDSTOCK 4TH DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS DECIDES SAUK COUNTY'S OPEN AIR ASSEMBLY LAW VIOLATES THE FIRST AMENDMENT.(LOCAL/WISCONSIN)," Wisconsin State Journal (Madison, WI), July 25, 2003.
The U.S. Supreme Court has supported school cooperation in regards to the establishment of religion. They have done this because they respect the religious nature of people and feel that people should be able to accommodate their spiritual needs (hat are the pros and cons of prayer in school, n.d.)?
On the other side of the debate, those who are against putting prayer back into the public schools often argue that school prayer violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment because it says that the government shall not make laws in regards to the establishment of religion. Due to the fact that public schools are financed by the government, prayer that is led by school officials or included in any school program can be seen as government-established religion. Proponents to school prayer feel that school prayer ignores the division of church and state. Traditionally public schools are thought to…...
mlaWorks Cited
"Prayer in Public School - Overview of Governing Constitutional Principles." 2003. Viewed 23
June, 2010. < http://www.allaboutpopularissues.org/prayer-in-public-school.htm >
"What are the pros and cons of prayer in school?" n.d. Viewed 23 June, 2010, <
>.http://www.allabouthistory.org/pros-and-cons-of-prayer-in-school-faq.htm
religion shaped development of colonial society in 1740s New England, Chesapeake, and the Mid-Atlantic. eligion shaped development in these areas in a wide variety of ways, and the most important religious development during this time was the "Great Awakening." The "Great Awakening" was an important event in American history and religious history. It was the first real step away from the organized, strict religions that had followed the settlers here from England.
The "father" of the Great Awakening was Jonathan Edwards. He wrote a sermon called "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," which became very famous. A religious historian writes, "In that sermon he used the image of a spider dangling by a web over a hot fire to describe the human predicament. His point was that at any moment, our hold on life could break and we'd be plunged into fires of eternal damnation" (Matthews). While many…...
mlaReferences
Goen, C.C. Revivalism and Separatism in New England, 1740-1800: Strict Congregationalists and Separate Baptists in the Great Awakening. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1962.
Matthews, Terry. "The Great Awakening." Wake Forest University. 1996. 20 Sept. 2005.
eligious tolerance and freedoms do come out from holly scriptures of any religion, they are stated in Koran and in Bible nearly in the same way: "avoid unfaithful" not persecute them but simply avoid. These words have a deep meaning, which refers not just to the religion but also to any other belief and views. oger Williams was the first minister who introduced the principles of modern religious liberties into the civil practice as he wrote in the Bloudy Tenet of Persecution (1640):
No man shall be required to worship or maintain a worship against his will." Until then, Europe and America had endured what Thomas Paine later called, "the adulterous connection between church and state."
In order to defend the representatives of different confessions and guarantee free participation of citizens in country's public life, there had to be taken measures that would preserve from the dominance of one religious confession…...
mlaReferences
Madison, James Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessments 20 June 1785
James Madison, Report on the Virginia Resolutions
Roger Williams the Bloudy Tenet of Persecution 1640;
Ward, Nathaniel the Simple Cobbler of Aggawam, 1645
evisionist historian often seek to find non-Christian association among the lives of the founding fathers, such as the Freemasons, and Humanism, yet it is clear that these organizations were not dominant to religion and that a strong Protestant ethic still reigned supreme, especially in the language of the foundational documents of the nation.
Fundamentalism
Fundamentalism has in fact created a more recent expression in modern America as churches attempt to "go back to the word" and support the idea that the scripture of the church is divine and unfailing. Though interpretations are varied in this group in general they espouse and return to "family values" via some "golden era" ideals regarding the past.
At its base, fundamentalism was compatible with the religiosity of the people, for both assumed the reality of supernatural power and the prevalence of supernatural forces at work in the world. By stressing such theological notions as the virgin…...
mlaReferences
Domke, D., & Coe, K. (2007). The God Strategy: The Rise of Religious Politics in America. Journal of Ecumenical Studies, 42(1), 53.
Harries, R. (2003). After the Evil: Christianity and Judaism in the Shadow of the Holocaust. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lippy, C.H. (1994). Being Religious, American Style: A History of Popular Religiosity in the United States. Westport, CT: Praeger.
McDermott, R.A. (1993). The Spiritual Mission of America. Re-vision, 16(1), 15-25.
This led him to start the second major religion in Germany -Protestantism. This makes it clear that there were views of religion being also something other than pure belief in a path to reach God even in those days.
The strength of the Protestants increased in North Baden and northeast Bavaria, and was not at a very high level till Germany was unified under Prussian leadership in 1871. The leaders of Germany at that time were under Otto von Bismarck and he was seeking a method to weaken the leadership of oman Catholics and their influence. This led to the start of Kulturkampf in the early 1870s. Other direct steps were also taken like prohibiting the Jesuit order in Germany and expelling the members of Jesuits from Germany. The entire procedure was outlined in Prussia under the "Falk laws" which were named after Adalbert Falk who was the minister of…...
mlaReferences
Barrett, Lois. (25 October, 1996) "Thinking Theologically about Church and State" Annual
Restorative Justice Conference. Retrieved at on 6 August, 2005http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=2794Accessed
Carter, Stephen. L. (October 11, 2000) "Beyond Neutrality" The Christian Century. pp. 996-
1001. Retrieved at on 6 August, 2005http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=1964Accessed
eligion as a Social Phenomenon
eligion serves both a personal and a political function. As a personal phenomenon, religion can provide psychological and emotional sustenance, mitigate grief, and provide solace in the midst of existential crises. Similarly, religion can help people to resolve complex questions related to the nature of transcendental experiences ranging from love and sexuality to the sublimity of nature. We all have a sense of "wonder" that religion helps address in its own unique language, using rituals, exercises, or symbols (Palmquist). However, the personal dimensions of religion are completely distinct from the social and political dimensions of religion.
As a social phenomenon, religion serves some core purposes including creating and maintaining a community. People who are members of a specific religious community have access to the services and camaraderie of other members of that community. Moreover, religion provides a sense of identity -- not only personal but also collective…...
mlaReligion is definitely about the search for meaning. Even the non-deity religions like Buddhism encourage meditation in order to realize the deeper meaning of life. Moreover, all religions do have some ethical or moral component to the teachings. Yet it is apparent that religion is not necessary for moral maturity. Even Socrates understood that religion was an inferior means of gaining understanding and truth, which is why he was poisoned. Plato wrote about the death of Socrates partly as a warning against fundamentalism. The current trend of radical, militant Islam is a frightening one. It seems anachronistic to have so many people committed to a deadly movement like ISIL and any other terrorist group. Killing in the name of religion seems hypocritical to most people in the world, but to the believers, killing is believed to be their "duty" in serving God.
4. Lauren
It is true, there is no such thing as a "pure" religion, which is why it is ridiculous to try and devise the "correct" interpretation of any religious text. Christianity has gone through many divisions, ideological battles, and schisms in its 2000 years of history. The same is obviously true for Islam. If there is to be any value in religion, it must come from a genuine humanistic outlook. A humanistic outlook would allow all religious views to coexist. Differences in belief should not cloud over the fact that most people want the same basic things: health, safety, and prosperity. Living together with 9 billion people on the planet means we need to be able to coexist peacefully and work together, but religion seems like a used to divide people. It is preferable to think critically and rationally than it is to fear the repercussions of not "believing" in someone else's ideology.
Thus, Sam argues that although the world often seems unjust (and is filled with innumerable instances of evil), yet P. is solved through the belief that every condition (good, in this case) necessitates an equal and opposite condition (evil, as it were.) However, Gretchen counters by asking whether those who behave in an evil way are ever punished for their transgressions, and whether there is any motivation for people to not simply act in their own best interests, whether or not this involves behaving in an immoral manner. Sam's rejoinder appeals to the afterlife as the site in which the importance of morality becomes manifest: "But the doctrine of an afterlife, in whatever form, says that this isn't the whole story" (47). However, Sam disregards the fact that God is purported to pardon many sinners, which would ostensibly mean that he regularly pardons instances of injustice.
The dialogue between Sam and…...
mlaReferences
Anselm. Proslogium. Trans. S.N. Deane. Internet History Sourcebook. Fordham University, Aug. 1998. 10 Sep. 2012. Retrieved from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/anselm-intro.asp .
Aquinas, T. Summa of Theology. Trans. B.P. Copenhaver. Publisher Unknown, 2005.
Hopkins, J. A New Interpretation of Anselm's Monologion and Proslogion. Minneapolis: Arthur J. Banning Press, 1986.
Hume, D. Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. Unknown Publisher, 1779.
Essentially, science utilizes the power of reason and logic in its search for the truth while religion depends almost wholly upon faith, being a belief in something without any evidence whatsoever to support it. In the realms of science, investigators seek to understand natural phenomena through direct observation and experimentation which makes it mandatory that all interpretations of the facts be provisional and testable. Statements made by any authority, revelation or appeal to the supernatural are not part of this process, due to the absence of supporting evidence.
Thus, in the eyes of religious scholars and authorities, all opposition to what science has uncovered is based on faith and mythological revelation which takes precedence over evidence. Also, the tenets of religion have not, for the most part, changed much over time and cannot be validated when subjected to the scientific method.
Like many others that study the natural world, scientists are awed…...
I. Introduction
A. Opening statement about the importance of freedom
B. Briefly define what freedom means
II. Historical Perspectives on Freedom
A. Discuss the concept of freedom in ancient civilizations
1. Examples from Roman and Greek societies
B. Explore the idea of freedom in the Middle Ages
1. Limitations on freedom during feudalism
III. Modern Interpretations of Freedom
A. Analyze the development of democratic societies
1. Discuss the influence of the Enlightenment era
B. Examine the role of freedom in shaping human rights movements
1. Provide examples from the Civil Rights Movement and women's suffrage
C. This section should highlight the....
Key Aspects of American Culture
American culture is a vibrant and dynamic tapestry woven from a rich blend of influences that have shaped its unique identity over centuries. Here are some key aspects that distinguish it from other cultures:
1. Individualism:
American culture places a high value on individual freedom, autonomy, and self-reliance. Individuals are encouraged to pursue their own goals, express their opinions, and assert their rights. This emphasis on individualism contributes to a strong sense of personal responsibility and self-determination.
2. Egalitarianism:
Despite the presence of social stratification, American culture espouses the idea of equality for all. The Declaration of Independence famously proclaims....
Power and freedom are two fundamental concepts that play a crucial role in shaping individual rights and expression. The interplay between power and freedom can either uphold or challenge these rights, influencing the extent to which individuals can exercise their freedoms within a society. Understanding how power dynamics impact individual rights and expression is essential for grasping the complexities of modern governance and social interactions.
Power can be defined as the ability of individuals or groups to influence or control the behavior of others. It can manifest in various forms, such as political power held by governments, economic power wielded....
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