FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION plays an important role in the doctrines of human liberty. However not every country grants this right to its citizens. There are many countries in the world where freedom of expression is still a contentious issue and which have been categorized by Freedom House as not being entirely free. The United States of America is one country where the constitution gives every American the freedom of speech and expression. However there have been cases where American citizens have misused this law to their own advantage. Freedom of expression and speech is a right to use and not to abuse. Amongst some of these examples are the famous cases of Texas vs. Johnson, Reno vs. ACLU, and Rav vs. St. Paul. These were landmark decisions in deciding the parameters of free expression. One of the most famous cases was the case of Texas vs. Johnson.
This case pitted the…...

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Bibliography

1. Article 19

 http://www.article19.org/ 

2. South African Constitution

 http://www.polity.org.za/html/govdocs/constitution/saconst02.html#16

II. Three Important Factors:

ccording to the merican Civil Liberties Union (CLU) freedom of expression is the: 1. "Foundation of self-fulfillment"

2. "It's vital to the attainment and advancement of knowledge; and 3. "It's necessary to our system of self-government giving the merican people a 'checking function' against government access and corruption.

III. Oppression of Individual Expression:

China is a country that mericans would not be able to stay in for long without feeling very much violated in terms of their human rights and most particularly the freedom of expression. The violation of human rights has been witnessed in cultural oppression as well as religious and art oppression. In a recent EU statement the acknowledgement of "some positive developments" were mentioned in relation to China as to its reforms in the rule of law which are underway but the statement revealed that the EU was still very concerned by "the extensive use of the…...

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American Civil Liberties Union Web page [Online] at http://archive.aclu.org/library/pbp10.html

World Tibet Network News: EU hits China for Human rights abuses at U.N. talks (2003) [Online] located at  http://www.tibet.ca/en/wtnarchive/2003/4/1_2.htm 

Existing Humanitarian Law (2004) Human Rights watch [Online] located at  http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/world/2940661 .

Freedom of Expression and Campus Speech Codes
The article entitled "On Freedom of Expression and Campus Speech Codes" discussed the importance and utilization of the society and people's freedom of speech in educational institutions. The article provides a thorough analysis of how the imposition of speech codes on campuses and other educational institutions can be detrimental to the implementation and proliferation of the very symbol and important element of democracy, which is the freedom of speech of individuals and groups in the society.

The article's analysis focus on two important points: first, the function of free speech in educational institutions, and second, the role of school and education administrators, faculty, and personnel in monitoring and assuming the responsibility of implementing effectively the right of people to express themselves freely. In the first main point of the article, the emotive and cognitive aspects of free speech are taken into consideration. While most…...

It is not the responsibility of the press to look after the well being of others. The responsibility of the press is to report information in as honest and objective a manner possible and let the readers make their own informed decisions.
One aspect to remember about these cases is that they were argued and decided in an age when the vast majority of news was published or broadcast after being scrutinized by several trained journalists, thus better ensuring objectivity. Today, with an increasingly larger portion of the news being published on the Internet without editorial guidance or broadcast on news channels that may have an unstated bias, news and media professionals need to remember that it more important than ever to be honest and objective. ithout such precautions, the press risks not only punishment in the courts but worse, a lack of trust from the public it is supposed…...

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Works Cited

Abrams, Floyd. Speaking Freely: Trials of the First Amendment. New York: Penguin Books, 2005. Print.

Kilkenny, Ryan. "Invasion of Privacy for the Greater Good: Why Barnicki v. Vopper Disserves the Right of Privacy and the First Amendment." Ohio State Law Journal Vol. 64: (2003) 999-1039. Law Journal

Landmark Communications, Inc. v. Virginia, 435 U.S. 829 (1978)

Smith v. The Daily Mail Publication Co. 443 U.S. 97 (1979)

Right to Freedom of Expression Within the Walls of Educational Institutions
Educational institutions, especially those that specialize on higher education, are considered bastions of excellence where academic freedom and intellectual development are highly valued. In line with these objectives, educational institutions also aim to provide students not only with academic excellence and freedom, but healthy, yet, competitive social interaction among other students. The pursuit for academic excellence, academic freedom, and a socially healthy and competitive environment are indeed ideals that any student would want to have. However, today's social landscape has characteristically changed the composition of these academic institutions. American educational institutions have become a venue for a culturally diverse population, where people of different race, nationalities, religious and political affiliations, and socio-economic classes are put together to achieve these academic ideals. Over the years, one common problem about the cultural diverseness of these institutions have abound: the conflict between…...

The Positive and Negative Effects of Freedom of Expression within the Social Media in the U.K.
Introduction

In essence, social media in the UK provides an amazing platform for people to freely express their views, share information, and interact. Indeed, as McGoldrick (2013, p. 49) observes, “Facebook and other internet-based social networking sites (SNSs) have revolutionized modern communications.” Some of the most popular social media platforms in the country include, but that are not limited to, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, etc. It is important to note that unlike in the physical world where relations between people are governed by various social rules and etiquette standards, relations on social media tend to present a limitless and unrestricting facade. In recent times, some countries have attempted to limit the way people relate on social media – even closely monitoring content in an attempt to ensure that freedom of expression in social media is confined within…...

Promoting Freedom of Expression within the Social Media in the U.K.
Introduction

Like the many other freedoms enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, freedom of expression is deemed to be a fundamental and inalienable human right. Towards this end, it is understood, within the said framework, to constitute the “freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers” (United Nations, 2010, p. 107). For this reason, freedom of expression ought to be granted and guaranteed protection by any jurisdiction that prides itself as a beacon of modern democracy. The United Kingdom is one such country, alongside other countries such as the United States and Canada. It is important to note that over time, social media has become a marketplace of sorts for the exchange, advancement, as well as promotion of ideas concerning a wide array of issues.…...

Intellectual Freedom in Libraries
In today's academic world intellectual freedom is a very important issue. In this paper various factors which are affecting intellectual freedom have been discussed along with efforts that need to be made in order to make the access of information possible for all. The issues being faced mainly by the librarians regarding the protection of confidential information of the library users have also been discussed in this paper. Furthermore the paper focuses on the important roles that can be played by the librarians in guiding and educating the people regarding the proper use of information.

Intellectual freedom is the liberty to express opinions in the academic world, the freedom of access to the information and the freedom of using that information (in a legal manner) without the fear of your confidential information being exploited. Intellectual freedom is very important for the academic growth of any society or country.…...

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References

American Association of School Librarians. (2009). Empowering learners: Guidelines for school library media programs. Chicago: American Association of School Librarians.

American Library Association (ALA). (2007). Office for Intellectual Freedom: intellectual freedom and censorship Q & A.  http://www.ala.org/ala/oif/basics/intellectual.htm 

Arko-Cobbah, A. (2004). The role of libraries in student-centred learning: the case of students from the disadvantaged communities in South Africa. The International Information and Library Review 36(3):263 -- 271.

Arko-Cobbah, A. (2011). Intellectual Freedom and Academic Freedom: Some Challenges and Opportunities for Academic Libraries in Africa. Mousaion, 28 (2) 2011 pp. 76 -- 95

policy makers underestimate internet independence?
YouTube independence of positing video content

The internet moderated terrorism

egulating the internet for anti-terrorism

Freedom and Terrorism on the Internet

The purpose of the study is to explore the use of internet by terrorist organizations and the degree of independence that terrorist enjoy while conducting and coordinating their terrorism activities from the cyberspace. The topic is an area of interest for the researcher as it is significantly relevant in today's environment when cross-border terrorism has increased. As part of the academic and citizen world, the researcher feels it is essential to gauge the scale and severity of terrorism moderated by internet sources.

Audience

The main audiences of the research paper are academic instructors, research students of cyber security and government policy makers who can influence to control terrorism originating from the freedom of internet use for every user irrespective of the underlying motive.

1.2 Hypothesis

There are three main hypotheses for the…...

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References

Amble, J.C. (2012). Combating terrorism in the new media environment.Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 35(5), 339-353.

Brinkerhoff, J.M. (2006). Digital diasporas and conflict prevention: the case of Somalinet. com. Review of International Studies, 32(1), 25-47.

Crilley, K. (2001, September). Information warfare: new battle fields Terrorists, propaganda and the Internet. In Aslib Proceedings (Vol. 53, No. 7, pp. 250-264). MCB UP Ltd.

Denning, D.E. (2009). Terror's web: How the internet is transforming terrorism.Handbook on Internet crime.

Sonny's brother wakes up and states, "Freedom lurked around us and I understood, at last, that he could help us to be free if we would listen, that he would never be free until we did" (47). Sonny was more free and living a life more true than his brother realized.
The transformation in Sonny's brother is dramatic. Duncan writes, "By the end of the story, the narrator has gained much more than an astute musical ear. He has learned . . . To listen" (Duncan). Throughout the story, Baldwin designates the act of listening as the linchpin of this moral tale; by focusing on an often-overlooked component of communication, this early Baldwin story illustrates how Brother, initially deaf to what Sonny calls "all that hatred and misery and love," opens his ears to his culture, his brother, and himself. and, through Brother's example, readers might also become more willing…...

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Works Cited

Baldwin, James. "Sonny's Blues." The Norton Anthology of Short

Fiction R.V. Cassill,

ed. W.

W. Norton and Company. New York: 1981. pp. 22-48.

Authors Donald Lively and ussell Weaver describe Hustler Magazine as Falwell's "antagonist (p. 79)," no doubt representing for Falwell abuses of our Constitutional freedoms.
"In 1983, Hustler Magazine decided to parody Falwell using a Campari Liqueur advertisement. The actual Campari ads portrayed interviews with various celebrities about their 'first times.' Although the advertisement actually focused on the first time that the celebrities had sampled Campari, the ads portrayed the double entendre of the first time that the interviewees had engaged in sex. Hustler mimicked the Campari format and created a fictional interview with Falwell in which he stated that his 'first time' was during a drunken incestuous rendezvous with his mother in an outhouse (p. 79)."

The Oregon Commentator, May, 2007

There is probably no limit to the outrage that was felt by Falwell, and by his support base, both of which would have been offended, first, by using Falwell in any…...

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References

Block, H. (Artist) (1979). Spiritual Leader, Washington Post, Field Newspaper

Syndicate, April 8, 1979. Found online at Pop Art Machine,   retrieved March 1, 2010.http://popartmachine.com/item/pop_art/LOC+1158615/SPIRITUAL-LEADER-/-HERBLOCK.-UNPROCESSED-%5BITEM%5D-%5BP&P%5DREPRODUCTION ...,

Chunovic, L. (2000). One Foot on the Floor: The Curious Evolution of Sex on Television

From I Love Lucy to South Park. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI.

Communication Islamic Countries
Freedom in all its forms is a highly contested topic across all areas of politics, not only in countries where freedom has been traditionally repressed, but even in the most democratic of states, such as the United States and the UK. When freedom extends to the press, the contestability of the topic gains an extra dimension. Some critics, for example, advocate freedom of the press only to such an extent as its ability to promote a peaceful existence and harmony among citizens and their government. Others, however, would see the press gaining complete freedom, regardless of its consequences for personal and collective peace. In Muslim countries such as Indonesia and the United Arab Emirates, freedom extended to the press and the media is yet further muddied by the importance of religious and state rule in these countries. In both environments, Islam remains the main ruling force in many…...

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References

Article 19. (2005, Dec.). Freedom of Expression aand the Media in Indonesia. Alliance of Independent Journalists. Retrieved from:  

freedom of association refers to the freedom to join a union or association without fear of outside interference. Australia does not guarantee freedom of association in her Constitution. As a result, Australia has ratified several international covenants on freedom of expression, and used international laws as a basis for the Industrial Relations Reform Act 1993.
The orkplace Relations Act of 1996, which specifically protected the freedom of association, and provided specific penalties for breaching the Act, superseded the 1993 Act. Recently, the war on terrorism has presented an unexpected threat to Australia's freedom of association laws. This renewed the argument that the freedom of association should be guaranteed, by law, within the body of Australia's constitution.

Freedom of association has taken an important place in international labor law and social justice. The International Labour Organization (ILO) has long had conventions that deal specifically with freedom of association, the importance of collective…...

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Works Cited

Amnesty International. Australia: Senate Must Consider Human Rights When Considering Terrorism Laws. Media release - 13 May 2002. 24 September 2002.  http://www.amnesty.org.au/airesources/press-02-05-13.html 

Australasian Legal Information Institute. COMMUNICATING WITH THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE: A Guide to the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 24 September 2003. http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/ahric/booklet/part3.html

Human & Constitutional Rights. Australian Laws of Freedom of Association. Site maintained by the Arthur W. Diamond Law Library at Columbia Law School. 24 September 2002.  http://www.hrcr.org/safrica/freedom_assoc/australia_law.html 

International Labour Organization. Fundamental International Labour Standards on Freedom of Association. 24 September 2002.  http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/norm/whatare/fundam/foa.htm

In America, the great pragmatists John Dewey and William James are blamed for the American university's current fallen 'state,' a state of freedom from shared morality.
However, Arden provides no statistical evidence or even anecdotal as to why American universities are morally lacking, other than the fact he disagrees with their embrace of the right of the individual learner to choose his or her own path. He makes the assumption that the reader agrees with his contention that American universities are morally bankrupt. Pragmatism's benefits, such as academic freedom of expression are completely discounted as having any positive influence upon higher education. While some of Arden's contentious, that American undergraduates are insufficiently community-minded, may have some (highly debatable) merit as topics of discussion, his preference for Luther's ideal of a university as a place of spiritual and moral rather than intellectual learning, and for limits upon undergraduate self-expression, are not…...

"
Western world it appears is slightly alienated from the spiritual world that most people in the east like Hindus take for granted. For an average person in the West, physical and material world is the only world and spirit is only an illusion. For those in the east, like Hindus, physical world is the illusion and spirit is the only truth there is.

Western social, political and economic systems play an important role in the shaping of western concept of freedom. Freedom to choose, freedom of speech, freedom from bondage, freedom to vote, are some of the main ideals upheld by western society and thus freedom has become merely a hollow term used to describe a state of liberation in the physical world. Capitalism has also influenced the development of this concept as freedom to choose what one likes, build what one desires and move as and when one wants is…...

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References

Frederic Spiegelberg. Living Religions of the World: Prentice-Hall. Englewood Cliffs, NJ 1956

Hedebro, Goran. Communication and Social Change in Developing Nations. Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1982.

Peter Heehs. Indian Religions: The Spiritual Traditions of South Asia: An Anthology/edited. Delhi, Permanent Black, 2002

Title 1: Domestic Surveillance: Delving into the Complexities of State Surveillance of Citizens

This title offers a comprehensive overview of the essay's focus on domestic surveillance, highlighting the multifaceted nature of the topic and the intricate relationship between state surveillance and citizens' rights.

Title 2: Unraveling the Architecture of Domestic Surveillance: A Critical Examination of Government Monitoring Practices

This title emphasizes the underlying structure and mechanisms of domestic surveillance, suggesting a deep exploration of how governments implement and execute surveillance programs.

Title 3: Domestic Surveillance: Navigating the Fine Line between Security and Privacy in the Digital Age

This title captures the delicate balance between the....

1. The cultural significance of graffiti and its role in urban art movements
2. The expression of social and political messages through graffiti
3. The impact of graffiti on community identity and sense of place
4. The importance of providing a platform for marginalized voices through graffiti
5. The potential for graffiti to spark dialogue and discussion about important issues
6. The role of graffiti in reclaiming public space and challenging traditional notions of property and ownership
7. The artistic value and creativity of graffiti as a form of self-expression
8. The history and evolution of graffiti as an art form
9. The connection between graffiti and activism,....

Introduction

Graffiti, often stigmatized as vandalism, has emerged as a form of artistic expression that challenges societal norms and sparks meaningful discussions. While some view graffiti as a nuisance, others recognize its potential as a catalyst for urban revitalization, social commentary, and cultural enrichment. This essay will explore the compelling reasons why graffiti deserves protection and recognition as a legitimate art form.

Section 1: Urban Beautification and Revitalization

Graffiti has the transformative power to revitalize dilapidated urban landscapes. By adding color, vibrancy, and artistic flair to dull walls, graffiti can enhance the visual appeal of neighborhoods, attracting tourists and boosting local economies. Moreover,....

The Perils of Digital Identity: Exploring the Complexities of Internet Stalking

Introduction
In the labyrinthine realm of the Internet, the boundaries between anonymity and intimacy blur, giving rise to a menacing phenomenon known as internet stalking. This insidious practice, characterized by persistent online harassment, threats, and surveillance, has emerged as a pervasive threat to individuals' safety and well-being. This essay delves into the complex and thought-provoking issues surrounding internet stalking, examining its legal, ethical, and psychological implications.

Legal Dimensions
Internet stalking, often referred to as cyberstalking, poses significant legal challenges. Defining and prosecuting this crime can be complex due to the elusive nature of....