consent and affirming the clients freedom of choice. The importance of this topic in relation to the professional counseling arena will be revealed in this examination as the important qualities of the inclusion of this practice will be highlighted and discussed. Before concluding, this essay will also reveal a personal reaction to the information discovered in this exercise.
At the heart and soul of every counseling session, is the idea of trust. The one seeking help and guidance must trust the counselor administering the treatment. The American Counseling Association suggested that "the informed consent advises the client of the counselor's policies, state and federal laws, and client's rights. Informed consent document can take many forms, but certain information is crucial so the client can truly give his informed consent and the counselor can comply with state laws and code of ethics. This document protects the client and counselor."

In many instances…...

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References

American Counseling Association (2005). Implementing Informed Consent. Retrieved from  http://www.counseling.org/docs/private-practice-pointers/implementing_informed_consent.pdf?sfvrsn=2 

Ingelfinger, F.J. (1979). Informed (but uneducated) consent. In Biomedical ethics and the law (pp. 265-267). Springer U.S..

Redding, R.E. (1993). Children's competence to provide informed consent for mental health treatment. Wash. & Lee L. Rev., 50, 695.

Schuck, P.H. (1994). Rethinking informed consent. Yale Law Journal, 899-959.

Jean Paul Sartre and Simone De Beauvoir on Freedom, Being-for-Others, And Sartrean Despair
Simone de Beauvoir and JP Sartre were two famous existentialists that converged and diverged on various concepts. These included the existentialist concepts of freedom, being-for-others and transcendence or despair. Their converged and divergences will be addressed in this essay.

Sartre was one of the most famous existentialists of all times. For him, existence did not base itself on an ethos of God-ordained morality nor did it have any transcendental meaning. ather meaningfulness of life -- or liberty / freedom -- depended on the meaning that one arbitrarily accorded life and he claimed that man is "what he makes of himself," or in other words "in the end one is always responsible for what is made of one" In this way, Sartre's philosophy integrated both optimism and despair: optimism in the belief that one can resolutely make something of one's…...

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References

Fullbrook, Kate & Edward. Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre: The Remaking of a Twentieth-Century Legend. New York: Basic Books: 1994.

Jean-Paul Sartre mythosandlogos.com/Sartre.html

Vintges, Karen. Philosophy as Passion: The Thinking of Simone de Beauvoir. Translated by Anne Lavelle. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996.

de Beauvoir, Simone. The Ethics of Ambiguity. New York: Citadel Press, 1976. Print.

Authors Donald Lively and ussell Weaver describe Hustler Magazine as Falwell's "antagonist (p. 79)," no doubt representing for Falwell abuses of our Constitutional freedoms.
"In 1983, Hustler Magazine decided to parody Falwell using a Campari Liqueur advertisement. The actual Campari ads portrayed interviews with various celebrities about their 'first times.' Although the advertisement actually focused on the first time that the celebrities had sampled Campari, the ads portrayed the double entendre of the first time that the interviewees had engaged in sex. Hustler mimicked the Campari format and created a fictional interview with Falwell in which he stated that his 'first time' was during a drunken incestuous rendezvous with his mother in an outhouse (p. 79)."

The Oregon Commentator, May, 2007

There is probably no limit to the outrage that was felt by Falwell, and by his support base, both of which would have been offended, first, by using Falwell in any…...

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References

Block, H. (Artist) (1979). Spiritual Leader, Washington Post, Field Newspaper

Syndicate, April 8, 1979. Found online at Pop Art Machine,   retrieved March 1, 2010.http://popartmachine.com/item/pop_art/LOC+1158615/SPIRITUAL-LEADER-/-HERBLOCK.-UNPROCESSED-%5BITEM%5D-%5BP&P%5DREPRODUCTION ...,

Chunovic, L. (2000). One Foot on the Floor: The Curious Evolution of Sex on Television

From I Love Lucy to South Park. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI.

Conceptions of American Freedom
Freedom is an extremely important aspect of American culture, history, and identity. The European settlers that sailed to what would later become the United States of America, came for key reasons, one of which was freedom of religion. The concept of freedom was in one way very important to the people of the United States. Certainly, the concept of freedom in America is fraught with conflict, tension, and paradox. It is common knowledge that the freedoms of one particular group of Americans was increased with the elimination of the freedoms of other groups in the United States. While white males enjoyed the most freedoms, and declared to have build a country heavily predicated on guaranteed freedoms, the freedoms of women, enslaved Africans, and the indigenous tribes of natives who lived in the country for thousands of years did not have many freedoms relative to theirs.

As American…...

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References:

Democracy Web -- Comparative Studies in Freedom. 2012. The Idea of Freedom. Web, Available from: [footnoteRef:3]2012 November 15. [3: ]http://www.democracyweb.org/young/young1.php.

Maier, P. 1998. Sparring for Liberty. The New York Times, Web, Available from:   2012 November 18.http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/11/01/reviews/981101.01maiert.html .

Shipley, C. 2012. Power to change -- What is True Freedom? Web, Available from:   2012 November 16.http://powertochange.com/students/truefreedom/ .

Spease. 2012. What is Freedom in America. Web, Available from:   2012 November 15.http://spease.hubpages.com/hub/What-is-Freedom-in-America .

e. The lack of attachment to other people and things) is beneficial from an individual perspective, but damaging for society as a whole because it hinders advancement.
In reality however, in order to maintain such a belief in our own self-sufficiency and freedom of choice, we would have to rewrite the laws of human nature. As this is highly improbable, we are likely to continue in our flight from freedom for as long as we remain in existence. People are, after all, social creatures by nature and thus, according to Garcin, we "need the suffering of others to exist."

This is Sartre's way of arguing that existentialism is the only valid means of providing mankind with dignity, and life with meaning. Thus at the core of Sartre's suppositions is that the role of existentialism is vitally important in helping the individual to embrace freedom as a manifestation of nothingness and, in turn,…...

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References

Muller, R.J. (1998) Beyond marginality: Constructing a self in the twilight of western culture, Praeger Publishers

Sartre, J.P. (1993), Being and nothingness: A phenomenological essay on ontology, tr. By Hazel E. Barnes, Washington Square, (orig. 1943)

Sartre, J.P. No exit, Retrieved from http://www.sartre.org/Writings/NoExit.htm

TAXATION IS THEFT?
When Sam the mugger, decides to rob you of your valuable goods or hard earned money at gunpoint, you instantly know what the act is called: theft. You do not only receive sympathy from the public, but are also found entitled to police support and protection. The city administration upon learning of the incident would most certainly show some anxiety over deteriorating law and order situation and the government would certainly criticize the thug's immoral act.

However lets just suppose that Sam the mugger wants you money again. But this time, some respectable people like senators, parliamentarians, Congressmen etc., accompany him. Instead of the gun, he carries an official letter that says certain percentage of your hard earned money is now his. The tone remains the same i.e. threatening. You give him money O ... The dire consequences of not complying with his 'request' are repeated reiterated lest you…...

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References

1) Chris R. Tame: Taxation is Theft, a publication of the Libertarian Alliance: Retrieved online 29th September 2004:  http://www.libertarian.co.uk/lapubs/polin/polin044.pdf .

2) Cohen, G.A. 1995. Self-Ownership, Freedom, and Equality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

3) Mill, John Stuart. 1970 Principles of Political Economy (Middlesex, England: Penguin Books.

4) Pollock, Lansing 1996 The Free Society. Westview Press. Boulder.

"
Jim did tell his mom though that he was going to continue working six days a week, and saving as close to three quarters of his take-home pay as he could. His mom was worried about him because he would not move out of his apartment; he lived in a rough neighborhood, where drug deals were commonplace on street corners, where old cars were up on blocks in front of run-down houses with mud where lawns used to be. There was a fatal stabbing last year near his apartment, he told his mom, an old warehouse was set on fire by delinquent teen-agers, and two men were injured recently in a "drive-by" shooting a block away from his house. So his mother insisted he map out a plan to move out of that neighborhood, but not rent again, rather, put money down on a home of his own in a…...

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References

Mills, Magnus. All Quiet on the Orient Express. New York: Arcade Publishing, 1999.

Freedom speech guarantees freedom extend disturbing funeral (Armed Forces funerals) support claim, acknowledge claim opponent, find common ground .
There is presently much controversy regarding the concept of freedom of speech and the fact that people are often denied the right to speak when they want to express themselves. Even with this, there are a series of situations when one's right to express his or her position needs to be denied on the basis of common sense. It would surely be absurd to claim that freedom of speech should not be present in every setting regardless of circumstances. However, people should carefully analyze a situation and decide whether or not it would be right for them to speak in a particular environment. Freedom of speech is in some cases rendered ineffective because of a series of reasons that make it possible for individuals to understand that it is more important…...

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Works cited:

Brouwer, D.l C. And Hess, A. "Making Sense of 'God Hates Fags' and 'Thank God for 9/11': A Thematic Analysis of Milbloggers' Responses to Reverend Fred Phelps and the Westboro Baptist Church," Western Journal of Communication 71.1 (2007)

Conery, B. "Supreme Court upholds protests at military funerals as free speech," Retrieved February 12, 2012, from the Washington Times Website:  http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/mar/2/supreme-court-oks-church-protest-military-funerals/?page=all 

Kingsbury, A. "Supreme Court Weighs Free Speech Limits in Military Funeral Case," Retrieved February 12, 2012, from the U.S. News Website: http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2010/10/06/supreme-court-weighs-free-speech-limits-in-military-funeral-case

Liptak, A. "Justices Rule for Protesters at Military Funerals," Retrieved February 12, 2012, from the NY Times Website:  http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/us/03scotus.html?pagewanted=all

Mottern (2008) writes that Dr. William Glasser's internal control approach labeled as 'Choice Theory' postulates that the following five fundamental needs drive all of human behavior -- a physiological need to survive and 4 psychological needs (belongingness or love or acceptance; authority or acknowledgement or accomplishment; independence, or individuality or choice; and learning or excitement or enjoyment. To sum up, choice theory basically suggests that one's behavior is one's own choice.
People develop all through the course of their lifespan. In this context, the term 'development' may be defined as: one's capacity of making progressively better choices with regard to fulfilling one's fundamental needs. A choice will then be "good" if it brings one nearer to satisfying fundamental needs in a harmless manner (both to ourselves and others). A less effectual or "bad" choice would be one that fails to bring one nearer to satisfying fundamental needs, or one that poses…...

Look at any communist regime in the last 100 years, where religion is considered an opiate of the masses. The government becomes god in that circumstance, and can get away with anything, including mass genocide (the Origin of ights - posted on."
True freedom should be given to individuals who do not harm other members of society.

One classic example of a lack of freedom that does not make sense is teenage curfew. Thousands of cities across the nation impose teenage curfews. The governments of those cities choose an arbitrary time by which teens have to be home or they can be taken into custody and their parents can be charged with contributing to the delinquency of a minor for letting their child be out past curfew.

Curfew laws impose on what freedoms should be allowed. Why is it necessary for teenagers to come in at a certain time? Who exactly do…...

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References

Enemies of the Future

 http://www.michaeltotten.com/archives/000017.html 

The Origin of Rights - posted on March 30, 2005 @ 12:12: AM CST

http://www.janicekonline.us/?page=chad/article&number=13

"
Western world it appears is slightly alienated from the spiritual world that most people in the east like Hindus take for granted. For an average person in the West, physical and material world is the only world and spirit is only an illusion. For those in the east, like Hindus, physical world is the illusion and spirit is the only truth there is.

Western social, political and economic systems play an important role in the shaping of western concept of freedom. Freedom to choose, freedom of speech, freedom from bondage, freedom to vote, are some of the main ideals upheld by western society and thus freedom has become merely a hollow term used to describe a state of liberation in the physical world. Capitalism has also influenced the development of this concept as freedom to choose what one likes, build what one desires and move as and when one wants is…...

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References

Frederic Spiegelberg. Living Religions of the World: Prentice-Hall. Englewood Cliffs, NJ 1956

Hedebro, Goran. Communication and Social Change in Developing Nations. Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1982.

Peter Heehs. Indian Religions: The Spiritual Traditions of South Asia: An Anthology/edited. Delhi, Permanent Black, 2002

Mrs. Peters shows this belief when she says, "But Mrs. Hale, the law is the law." (Glaspell, 16.)
Many of the laws that govern society are based on maintaining society. This includes criminal laws, which are easily justified, they protect everyone's safety. It also includes business laws, which again protect society by clarifying how businesses can operate. Everyone has a responsibility towards society simply because they are part of it. This means that individual freedom is restricted in favor of the freedom of society.

The question that "Trifles" raises, is when is it all right to overlook this responsibility to society in favor of responsibility to an individual. In life, this question is raised often. Stealing is a crime, but is it acceptable to steal food if a child's life depends on it? In the play we see that a criminal crime of 'suppression of evidence' occurs where Mrs. Peters and…...

Communication Islamic Countries
Freedom in all its forms is a highly contested topic across all areas of politics, not only in countries where freedom has been traditionally repressed, but even in the most democratic of states, such as the United States and the UK. When freedom extends to the press, the contestability of the topic gains an extra dimension. Some critics, for example, advocate freedom of the press only to such an extent as its ability to promote a peaceful existence and harmony among citizens and their government. Others, however, would see the press gaining complete freedom, regardless of its consequences for personal and collective peace. In Muslim countries such as Indonesia and the United Arab Emirates, freedom extended to the press and the media is yet further muddied by the importance of religious and state rule in these countries. In both environments, Islam remains the main ruling force in many…...

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References

Article 19. (2005, Dec.). Freedom of Expression aand the Media in Indonesia. Alliance of Independent Journalists. Retrieved from:  http://www.article19.org/data/files/pdfs/publications/indonesia-baseline-study.pdf 

BBC News Middle East. (2012, June 15). United Arab Emirates Profile: Media. Retrieved from:  http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14704229 

BBC News Middle East. (2012, June 15). United Arab Emirates: Overview. Retrieved from:  http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14703998 

El-Baltaji, D. (2009, Fall). Emirates Press Law. Arab Media & Society, Iss. 9. Retrieved from:  http://www.arabmediasociety.com/?article=727

(Philpott, Clabough, McConkey, and Turner, 2011).
Handling controversial social studies topics in the classroom setting is often not an easy undertaking. In the words of Philpott, Clabough, McConkey, and Turner (2011), "even though controversial issues are included in the curriculum, teachers face uncertainty on how to best teach the content" (42). As Byford, Lennon, and ussell (as cited in ussell, 2009) observe, teachers avoid controversial subjects in social studies because of lack of the relevant classroom management skills, discomfort when discussing some issues, restrictive district or school policies, and job security. To handle controversial subjects and topics appropriately, teachers can make use of a number of strategies and approaches.

To begin with, it helps to ensure that while at the same time seeking to ensure that one does not veer off the topic, learners are exposed to multiple perspectives with regard to the issue at hand. When there is a need…...

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References

High, J.F. (1962). Teaching Secondary School Social Studies. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Levstik, L.S. & Tyson, C.A. (Eds.). (2008). Handbook of Research in Social Studies Education. New York, NY: Routledge.

National Council for the Social Studies. (2007, September). Academic Freedom and the Social Studies Teacher: A Position Statement of National Council for the Social Studies. Retrieved from:  http://www.socialstudies.org/positions/academicfreedom 

Philpott, S., Clabough, J., McConkey, L. & Turner, T.N. (2011). Controversial Issues: To Teach or Not to Teach? That is the Question! The Georgia Social Studies Journal, 1(1), 32-44.

I remember making that decision to push her, as awful as it might seem. I do not know what possessed me to want to push her, but I know that, whether or not I wanted to, I did push her, and I could have done otherwise. True freedom means being able to make a choice in spite of all variables -- want being one of them. There are many times that we want to do something, but it is not good for us, so we choose to do what is more positive for us in the long run than what we want to do right now. We are free to make that choice, as is exemplified by the times that we choose to do what we want to do over what is right or what would serve us better in the long run. Freedom must mean we have the…...

1. The Neurochemical Dance: How Drugs Interfere with Brain Chemistry

2. Unveiling the Hidden Effects: Cognitive Impairments Induced by Drug Use

3. The Brain's Reward System Hijacked: Understanding Addiction's Grip

4. Altered States: Psychoactive Drugs and the Manipulation of Consciousness

5. Breaking the Brain's....

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Literature Review

Nudging techniques have gained popularity in recent years as a way to influence consumer behavior, particularly in the context of promoting healthy products. Nudges are subtle interventions that alter peoples behavior in a predictable way without restricting their freedom of choice. By manipulating the presentation of options or framing choices in a certain way, nudges can steer consumers towards making healthier choices without them even realizing it. This literature review will examine the impact of nudging techniques on consumer choice for healthy products.

Nudging Techniques and Consumer Behavior: Focus on Health Product Choice

Introduction

Nudging techniques, subtle interventions designed to steer individuals towards desired behaviors without restricting freedom of choice, have gained prominence in policy and research circles. This essay examines the impact of nudging techniques on consumer choice for healthy products, exploring the role of health motivation in shaping responses.

Evidence from Empirical Studies

Numerous empirical studies have investigated the efficacy of nudging techniques in promoting healthy food choices. For instance, a study by Roberto et al. (2017) found that simple nudges, such as framed messages and default options, significantly increased the selection of healthy snacks....