Frank Lloyd right
Fallingwater

Frank Lloyd right is considered by many knowledgeable critics and scholars as the not only the most famous architect in the world, but the most creative -- and even revolutionary -- architect in the world. right's Fallingwater building, which "…perches so dramatically on the cliff overhanging the eponymous waterfall near Pittsburgh" (Steffensen, 2009), is thought of today as one of the most remarkable private homes ever built by anyone.

The Fallingwater building, designed in 1936, juts out over a thundering waterfall on the 5,000 acre property formerly owned by department store magnate Edgar J. Kaufmann. Albrecht Powell writes that Fallingwater "…epitomizes man living in harmony with nature" and it was constructed "…of local sandstone, reinforced concrete, steel and glass" (Kaufmann, 2009). The interior features cantilevered desks, "earth-toned built-in sofas, polished stone floors," and with the thought of allowing the outside light to shine in, right designed "large casement windows,"…...

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Works Cited

Civil Engineering. (1999). Restoration to Strengthen Cantilevers at Fallingwater. 69(5),

28-29.

Hedding, Judy. (2009). Frank Lloyd Wright and Taliesin West in Scottsdale, Arizona.

About.com. Retrieved December 25, 2012, from  http://phoenix.about.com .

Frank Lloyd Wright Design Theory
Frank Lloyd Wright is one of the most well-known architects in United States history. The buildings he created have a distinctive flow, both inside and out, which either draws or distracts the viewer. His most famous project is probably Fallingwater, a house he built for Edgar Kaufman and his wife just outside of Pittsburgh. This home is built with an incorporated waterfall that was supposed to bring the occupants closer to nature, and showed off an element of design that was a hallmark of Wright's work. This essay looks at two Frank Lloyd Wright houses, and the design concept that made him the country's most famous architect.

It is important to understand, briefly, who Frank Lloyd Wright was and how he developed his distinctive style. He was born in Wisconsin in a small town to unassuming parents. At 15, he went to the University of Wisconsin at…...

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References

Aikens, J. (2009). Fallingwater: The story of a country house. AIArchitect, 16.

Hurder, S. (2001). Brief biography of Frank Lloyd Wright. Retrieved from http://www.oprf.com/flw/bio/

Kroll, A. (2011). AD classics: Taliesin West/Frank Lloyd Wright. Arch Daily. Retrieved from   wright/http://www.archdaily.com/123117/ad-classics-taliesin-west-frank-lloyd -

Peponis, J., & Bellal T. (2010). In Fallingwater: Spatial structure at the scale of quasi- synchronic perception. Georgia Institute of Technology. Retrieved from  http://www.spacesyntax.tudelft.nl/media/Long%20papers%20I/peponis.pdf

Apparently right only visited the site where Fallingwater would be built once, and that was on December 18, 1934. At that time right saw that the stream called Bear Run was nestled in "…a beautiful forest…a solid, high rock-ledge rising beside a waterfall and the natural think seemed to be to cantilever the house from that rock-bank over the falling water," right explained to a television reporter in 1953 (eisberg, 2011).
It was right's genius that he could sit down on September 22, 1956, nine months after seeing the Fallingwater site, and draw out the design in two hours (eisberg, 300). On the morning of September 22, 1956 Kaufmann happened to be in Milwaukee, close to the Taliesin, the right home in isconsin; Kaufmann called right (September 22 was a Sunday morning) and said he wanted to see the proposed design for the Fallingwater site. right said fine, come over…...

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Works Cited

Carpenter, Mackenzie. "Wright's Fallingwater still breathtaking at 75." Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.

Retrieved August 2, 2013, from   2011http://www.post-gazette.com 

Fallingwater.org. "Fallingwater Facts / Home Facts." Retrieved August 1, 2013, from   2006.http://www.fallingwater.org .

Weisberg, Robert W. "Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater: A Case Study in Inside-the-Box

He did not form any close friendships, even though Sullivan himself took a liking to him. Sullivan engaged him in a five-year contract. The contract would later become a subject of contention, for it stated that Wright could not participate in outside work. When Sullivan discovered that Wright was taking on extra commissions, he ordered him to stop. The relationship came to an end. Wright left Sullivan and began to work on his own. He founded his own practice at just 25 years of age and with design after design he never looked back. His Unitarian faith -- and the philosophy he had learned from Sullivan -- helped inform each of his designs.
With some new associates, Wright formed the Prairie School -- a distinctly American style of architecture. Wright himself worked on the Winslow House, which emphasized line and horizontal elements and all of Wright's designs emphasized the use…...

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One of Wright's most famous works is "Robie House." Wright designed this house at age 42. In Robie House (1909) -- Wright's best example of the American architectural style -- the Prairie Style -- Wright laid bare the essence of American Unitarianism. What the Prairie Style lacked in ornament, it made up for in horizontality. This type of architecture was an expression of his spirituality and philosophy: form was following function. It attempts to resemble the Midwestern landscape surrounding it.

By his 40s, Wright had fallen in love with another woman, the wife of a client. With this woman, Mamah Borthwick Cheney, Wright, however, fled to Europe leaving both his and her children behind. The two spent nearly two years in Europe, living in Italy, where Wright continued to do his work.

The two returned to America

Frank Lloyd right was an American architect who is widely-regarded as one of the most influential figures on 20th century design. His 70-year career ushered in several important social and cultural dimensions to the field of architecture. This paper examines the design philosophy, influences and major achievements of one of the towering and most controversial figures of American architecture.
Biography

right was born in isconsin in 1867. His father was a musician who abandoned the family in 1885. right was raised on a farm by his mother Anna and by a group of aunts and uncles (Constantino 6).

right studied engineering at the University of isconsin. It was here that he first displayed a talent in drawing and design. In 1887, right moved to Chicago, Illinois. For the next six years, right worked as an apprentice at the firm of Adler and Sullivan. In 1893, right left Adler and Sullivan to start his…...

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Works Cited

Constantino, Maria. The Life and Works of Frank Lloyd Wright. New York: Courage Books, 1998.

Frank Lloyd Wright: The Man." Biographical Sketch. February 2003.. Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation. 8 April 2003 .

Hart, Spencer. The Wright Space. San Diego: Thunder Bay Press, 2001.

Hanks, David A. The Decorative Designs of Frank Lloyd Wright. Toronto: Dover Press, 1999.

The open space invites you to dwell on the mysterious and contemplate the interior life -- away from the crowded, stacked-up world just beyond the walls: "deliberately placed…beyond the limits of control" (itcombe).
The Guggenheim, therefore, takes you out of your element: it transports you into another time, another place -- a time and place that never existed and has yet to come into existence: a sanctuary where modern art and naturalism merge into an architectural act of creation. Are these false impressions? Or is the Guggenheim nothing more than a Kandinskian cross between "fashion" and "fine art" (Johnson 666)?

There is nothing absurdist about right's architecture. It is sincere and always quiet. Yet something about the Guggenheim is so unlike Robie House -- so bursting -- so NYC and modern -- that it amazes, calls attention to itself and yet does not play the fool. It is as if nature,…...

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Works Cited

"Frank Lloyd Wright Biography." Web. 24 July 2011.

Johnson, Paul. Art: A New History. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 2003.

Print.

Pfeiffer, Bruce; Nordland, Gerald, eds. Frank Lloyed Wright: In the Realm of Ideas.

Le Corbusier, rank Lloyd Wright, And Louis Khan
In the field of Architecture, it takes not only talent, but creative vision to create works that stand the test of time in the collective imagination of the world. Three architects that accomplished just that were Le Corbusier, rank Lloyd Wright, and Louis Khan.

If any architect is credited with pioneering modern design, it is undoubtedly rank Lloyd Wright. Indeed, his sense of intricacy combined with an innovative style places him among the ranks of the most accomplished architects of the twentieth century. Interestingly, Wright began his architectural career in industrial work, but found his true calling in residential buildings. It was in contemplation of these residential buildings that he conceived of the idea of "organic architecture," or the idea that a building should develop out of its natural surroundings.

To be sure, if Wright despised anything, it was the common "neoclassic/Victorian" styles popular among…...

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Finally, the work of Louis Isadore Khan is perhaps the most revolutionary of the three (perhaps indicated by the fact that most of what he designed during his lifetime was never built). Although his design style is characterized as "classically romantic," featuring sometimes towering stairwells and air ducts planted in the midst of main areas, many consider his designs and buildings to be "impractical," and "unorthodox."

To be sure, Wright's "organic style," and Le Corbusier "modernism" were revolutionary as well -- however, buildings such as the Yale Art Gallery (1953), as well as the National Assembly Buildings in Dhaka, Pakistan, are particularly striking in their unusual use of concrete and brick -- especially in their ability to answer Khan's belief that "structure is the giver of light." Indeed, one can see that in both buildings, the geometric, almost chunky style seems to give way to showers of soft light transmitted through precise positioning of windows, openings, and special partitions.

In closing, all three architects revolutionized aspects of the concept of design -- developing the organic, modern, as well as, well, unorthodox, in heretofore, rigid design environments. Indeed, it could even be said that each architect not only paved the way for the possibility of the creation of new design innovations, but also opened the door for further design exploration today. In this way, the three are inexorably linked -- with each other, and with the modern architecture of the near future.

Guggenheim Museum
Frank Lloyd Wright remarked that he had seen a building that was of monumental dignity and beautiful. He cited in the letter addressed to Solomon R. Guggenheim that the building was appropriate for their purpose of constructing a museum. Wright went on to design the museum which he named after Guggenheim. The structure is now widely seen as a masterpiece (Guggenheim.org, n.d.).

The interior space of the Guggenheim Museum sports a spiral ramp ascending to the sky. It is a unique platform for the exhibition of contemporary art. The design is a clear deviation from the common design for museums. The inverted ziggurat of the rotunda is a unique creation of the creation of the architect. It is not a series of interconnected rooms. Rather, this one features a visitor's entry that takes them along a gentle slope through the rotunda on uninterrupted ramp. The open design by Wright makes…...

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Bibliography

Gibson, E. (2017, June 05). Frank Lloyd Wright's Robie House was his most "consummate expression" of Prairie style. Retrieved from Dezeen:  https://www.dezeen.com/2017/06/05/robie-house-frank-lloyd-wright-150-anniversary-prairie-style-20th-century-architecture-usa/ 

Guggenheim.org. (n.d.). THE FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT BUILDING. Retrieved from Guggenheim:  https://www.guggenheim.org/the-frank-lloyd-wright-building 

Perez, A. (2010). AD Classics: Unity Temple / Frank Lloyd Wright. Retrieved from Arch Daily:  http://www.archdaily.com/64721/ad-classics-unity-temple-frank-lloyd-wright 

Sveiven, M. (2010). AD Classics: Ennis House / Frank Lloyd Wright. Retrieved from Arch Daily:  http://www.archdaily.com/83583/ad-classics-frank-lloyd-wright-ennis-house

Wright's Fallingwater
Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater at HOUSE FOU: The House on a Waterfall (1935-37) is an architectural work that is harmonious with its natural surroundings. Wright uses space, materials, context and structure to effect this harmony. For instance, its cantilever balconies jut out over the rocks within the waterfall in a way that makes it look as though the house were a part of the natural structure in the wild. Yet it also possesses that Frank Lloyd Wright style -- the emphasis of lines and flats in a kind of minimalist fashion that exudes simplicity of soul as well as modern sophistication, allowing the house to hold its own and have its own identity even in these woods where it is also a part of the discourse between wild and civilization.

The house is literally situated over a waterfall in the woods. The beauty of the landscape is preserved and in…...

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References

Pfeiffer, B. (1988). Frank Lloyd Wright: In the Realm of Ideas. IL: Southern Illinois

Sullivan, L. (1896). The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered. Lippincott's

Magazine: 403-409.

Frank Gehry has become a leading architect noted for his innovative structures using industrial materials in new ways and with a certain deconstructivist approach to architecture. Philip Johnson, the dean of American architecture and a power since the 1930s, more recently joined with other architects who have been shattering all the rules, leaving behind symmetry and classic geometry in favor of distorted designs, twisted beams, and skewed angles. Johnson in 1988 showcased this style in a program at the Museum of Modern Art, and he called the show "Deconstructivist Architecture." Among the designers following this approach are Frank Gehry of California or ernard Tschumi from France and Switzerland. Johnson says of this new architecture that it evokes "the pleasures of unease." These ideas have been utilized directly by Johnson in his design for the Canadian roadcasting Corporation building in Toronto. Today, Gehry is probably the foremost proponent if this approach.
Gehry's…...

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Bibliography

Arnold, Dana. Art History: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Ballantyne, Andrew. Architecture: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Bletter, Rosemarie Haag. "Frank Gehry's Spatial Reconstructions." In The Architecture of Frank Gehry. New York: Rizzoli, 1986.

Celant, Germano. Frank Gehry: Buildings and Projects. New York: Rizzoli, 1985.

Frank Lloyd's Prairie And Usonian Style
Few architects in the 1900s compare to Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 -- April 9, 1959) who was also an interior designer and writer. Throughout his lifetime, Wright was credited with over a thousand designs and over half of these constructed. Wright who was a famous lover of organic architecture was in the forefront of the Prairie School architectural movement and invented the Usonian home model. Many office buildings, schools and even museums were designed with the unique style of Prairie School Architecture by him (Prairie School Architecture).

Wright was born in 1867 into the family of William Carey Wright (1825 -- 1904) and Anna Lloyd Jones (1838 -- 1923) who resided in the agricultural settlement of ichland Centre, Wisconsin. Both of his parents were teachers although his father was politically and legally inclined. When Wright came of age, he travelled to Chicago -which was…...

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References

Prairie School Architecture. Frank Lloyd Wright. january 2017. .

Mitchell, Nancy. Frank Lloyd Wright's Usonian Houses. 4 July 2013. .

Cantilever construction is known by projecting a form that is attached at one end to the building, while the other end juts out.
Second I will discuss the symbolism of the two buildings. The symbolism of both shows that the key images of both buildings depends on the perspective from which the building is viewed. The author talks of a 'colossal artichoke...a blooming flower' when referring to the Gehry museum while Wright's Guggenheim is in the shape of a seashell. These are all key images as related to the two architects.

The third discussion will focus on the iconography of the buildings which can be described as the viewer's participation in identifying and explaining what is going on in the building.

As mentioned above neither building has a form that follows function and the Gehry creation especially is difficult to tell what is going on in the building. Each perspective of the…...

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References

The Building. Guggenheim Museum.   Accessed March 12, 2008http://www.guggenheim.org/the_building.html ,

Martin, David F., and Lee a. Jacobus. The Humanities Through the Arts. 7th ed.

New York: 2008.

Architecture
Farnsworth House

Mies van der ohe was one of the most well-known architects of 20th century. His birth took place in Germany and it was in 1938 that he came to United States. Mies van der ohe is commonly known as "Mies" or "Ludwig Mies van der ohe." He had an approach of constructing and designing buildings as a part of international style movement, and this had a grand impact on country's architecture. Farnsworth house is an example of contemporary architecture world. "Less is more" is a statement of Mies, which was adopted as a motto for all the modern artists all over the world (The Chicago Architecture Foundation, 2007).

It was in 1945 when a doctor of Chicago hired Mies to design a home for her in the country side, which should be around 60 miles away from southwest of Chicago, i.e. near Plano, Illinois. The doctor's name was Edith…...

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References

Farnsworth House. (1995). Probing Architecture's Anatomy. Progressive Architecture, pp 58, 59.

Feldman, G.C. (2002). Fallingwater is no longer Falling. The Structure Group Companies.

MetLife. (2012). Rogerson Communities' Farnsworth House in Boston is Recognized by MetLife Foundation and Enterprise Community Partners for Exemplary Work in Senior Housing and Successfully Incorporating Green Components in its Housing: Wins 2012 MetLife Foundation Award for Excellence in Affordable Housing, $50,000. Press Release.

The Chicago Architecture Foundation. (2007). Farnsworth House: Meet The Buildings. The Architecture Handbook: A Student Guide to Understanding Buildings.

The Turbine Factory and its use of industrial material on a very grand scale is able to evoke feelings of machinery and production and how it changed society, or rather, how it controlled society at that time. Behrens was able to transform architecture by creating designs that reflected the changing culture.
Frank Lloyd Wright and Peter Behrens were pioneers in the innovation of functionalism. While Wright used more organic elements into his design to give the feeling that architecture and nature should go hand-in-hand, Behrens was creating designs out of more industrial materials that reflect the era and the culture of an era. However, both of these architects considered function as the dominating principal of building structures even though they essentially came to their way of designing via different ways of thinking (nature and organics vs. industry and function).

Both Wright and Behrens were innovative designers and architects and their innovations…...

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McCarter, R. ( 2010) "Wright, Frank Lloyd." Encyclopedia of Aesthetics. Ed. Michael

Kelly.

Oxford Art Online. Retrieved Sep. 20, 2010, from .

"
His belief, of course, was that the Unity was of primary importance -- which was a departure from Sullivan's sense that beauty and transcendent forms (reflections of the human spirit) were central to the idea of all forms. Wright's anti-verticality was no more in tune to Sullivan's sense of the soul than the reuer's "functional" brutalism. Sullivan alone had the sense to achieve some sort of aesthetic standard while achieving the function so desired by his contractors.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Sullivan announced at the end of the 19th century that "form ever follows function" -- but that did not imply that form had to be as mechanical as function. In fact, it meant for Sullivan quite the opposite. The Guaranty uilding is a perfect example of how he saw architecture as an art: its purpose was to provide the space necessary for offices and retailers but also to make the structure as…...

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Bibliography

Kaufman, Mervyn. Father of Skyscrapers: A Biography of Louis Sullivan. Boston:

Little, Brown, 1969.

Korom, Joseph. The American Skyscraper, 1850-1940: a celebration of height. Boston:

Branden Books, 2008.