As a result China and the U.S. have drastically different approaches to the managing of information systems and their supporting technologies.
Enterprise Software Adoption and Use

With a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that is consistently well above global median levels (Chen, 2010) China is rapidly becoming a leader in global manufacturing, services and supply chain coordination with other manufacturing nations. As the underlying infrastructure is weak in the interior regions of China yet exceptionally strong along its coastlines (ayburn, Conrad, 2004) China continues to define a pluralistic strategy to enterprise software adoption throughout its nation (Suttmeier, 2005). This is evident in the approach toe country is taking to define when, how, and which software will be used for managing manufacturing, distribution and pricing within its manufacturers. Companies looking to move into China must comply not only to their specific data format standards (Suttmeier, 2005) but also to their unique approaches to…...

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References

Chen, L. (2010). Business-it alignment maturity of companies in China. Information & Management, 47(1), 9.

Jing Quan, Qing Hu, & Xinan Wang. (2005). It is not for everyone in China. Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM, 48(4), 69-72.

J Mike Rayburn, & Craig Conrad. (2004). China's Internet Structure: Problems and Control Measures. International Journal of Management, 21(4), 471-480.

Chris Sprigman. (2003). Democratic hacks. Foreign Policy,(138), 90.

Culture Training
Doing business in foreign countries inevitably means exposure for foreign cultures and customs. How business reacts to these cultures often dictates whether or not that business is going to succeed in the foreign market. International business trainers face cultural issues when teaching American business skills and practices to foreign audiences. Often, things that are taken for granted when dealing with an American audience can be challenging for a foreign audience. The trainer needs to be able to understand what the cultural differences are that they will be dealing with and how to handle those differences so that no offense is caused and the objectives of the activity are met. This paper will outline some of the different cultural pitfalls that can occur when doing business internationally and will present a case of how to business can deal with these challenges. Hunt (n.d.) describes cultures as being comprised of values,…...

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Works Cited:

Hunt, D. (no date). The role and impact of culture on international business. Powerpoint presentation, in possession of the author.

Wade, J. (2004). The pitfalls of cross-cultural business. Risk Management. In possession of the author.

Burkitt, L. (2012). Starbucks plays to local Chinese tastes. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 29, 2012 from  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324784404578142931427720970.html 

Gibson, R. (2006). Foreign flavors. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 29, 2012 from  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB115885298624870137.html

Outsourcing: A Net-Positive? Positively Not
The world economy is a very different beast than it was even a decade ago. No longer are countries, industries, and companies bound by national borders or even continental structures.

Rather, the global village truly exists today, at least from a capitalistic perspective. A perfect example of this borderless world economy is the process of outsourcing.

There exist several points that politicians make in support of outsourcing in America. These points attempt to prove that outsourcing is a net-positive for the American economy. For instance, they argue economic efficiency -- that outsourcing has improved productivity and growth and has created more jobs and has left our economy stronger.

The correct string of argument, however, dictates that outsourcing is a burden on our economy. How can outsourcing possibly be a positive force for our economy and help us when in reality it forces jobs outside of the country -- creating…...

Outsourcing is an inevitable market reality, however, adequate measures must be taken to support the displaced employees, and to retrain them for better employment prospects.
Outsourcing has become a highly controversial and much debated issue over the last few years. The economic dynamics of the 21st century have vastly altered the mode of business. While globalization has opened new markets for companies, at the same time, it has forced them to seek ways to be more productive and competitive. This drive for competitive advantage has resulted in many U.S. companies taking their non-core jobs (in some cases, core jobs as well) to offshore locations, which offer both cheap labor and quality output. Outsourcing is not a totally new concept, as companies have all along been outsourcing their training operations, clerical works, shipping and forwarding operations, etc. However, the surge in information technology has bought a paradigm shift in the way organizations…...

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Bibliography

1) Murray Weidenbaum, "Outsourcing and American Jobs,"

Accessed on 9th Oct 2005,

 http://wc.wustl.edu/Breakfast_Programs_Transcripts/Weidenbaum_Outsourcing.pdf 

2) The Detroit News, "Policy Focus on Jobs Outsourcing Is Misplaced,"

army has often resolved to use private contractors in various aspects of the force's operations when the need arises. In light of the need to cut down the cost of the army operations, the US Army has resolved into massive contracting within the services in the recent past to levels that the America has never witnessed before. Critics of this approach have argued that it compromises the integrity of the American Security. While these concerns are genuine, the importance of the current level or reliance on contract support outweighs the demerits (National Defense University 2010). Secondly, the army can address such concerns within the framework of enlisting support. The following study holds that the American Amy should maintain the current levels of reliance on contract support.
Some factors influence and inform the need for the Army to maintain the current contract support. Firstly, some instances in the operations of the…...

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References

National Defense University. Strategic Forum Paper #260, "Private Contractors in Conflict Zones: The Good, The Bad and the Strategic Impact," by Col. (Ret) T. X. Hammes, 8 September 2010. CGSC copyright registration #14-0524E.

ATTP 4-10. Chapter 1 & 5: "Introduction and Contractor Management." 2011

S. directly. Evidently, the long-term objectives indirectly face the smooth running of the U.S. government. Priority should be given to those aspects that will pull the resources of the country to extreme levels. The U.S. As a super-power is privileged when tackling issues affecting other nations; it is mandated to help developing long-term solutions.
Long-term also implies that the impacts and effects need to be widespread in order to maintain balance and ensure the prosperity of all sectors is recognized. The above long-term objectives are issues that need time and resources in order to be able to resolve the issue that affects the stability of these countries among other issues. The Soviet Union, for example, is crying to have political relations with ussia. This means that the military forces will be deployed to this country. However, the negotiation process is hefty and requires time and adequate resources in order to meet…...

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References

Bruce, J. & Bennett, M. (2008). "Foreign Denial and Deception: Analytical Imperatives,"

Analyzing Intelligence: Origins, Obstacles, and Innovations. Washington, DC:

Burch, J. (2008). The Domestic Intelligence Gap: Progress Since 9/11? Homeland Security

Affairs, 2.

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: What it Is and What it Does
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 as amended was passed in response to the discovery of numerous corporate misdeeds, including accounting irregularities, by Northrop, Lockheed, Gulf Oil by the Watergate special prosecutor and a subsequent investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission that found these practices were prevalent in American business, including nearly a quarter of the Fortune 500 companies. This paper provides a review of the relevant literature to determine the rationale in support of the passage of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and what it prohibits. An analysis concerning the impact that the Act has had on American business at the national and international level is followed by a discussion concerning penalties for violations of the Act. An assessment of the impact on U.S. commerce is followed by a discussion concerning enforcement responsibility for the Act as…...

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References

Boedecker, K.A. (2011, July 1). Rising risks and uncertainties for U.S. firms' gifts, travel and entertainment expenses for marketing in foreign countries: The implications of increased

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act enforcement. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory

Issues, 14(2), 73-77.

Culp, C.L. & Niskanen, W.A. (2003). Corporate aftershock: The public policy lessons from the collapse of Enron and other major corporations. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Foreign Corrupt Policies Act
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and its Effects on U.S. Business

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) of 1977 was a ground-breaking step that the U.S. government took in order to deal with the increasing awareness of the amount of inappropriate payments that were taking place overseas. If truth be told, it wasn't that the American companies were exclusively practicing such offensive acts. However, America was the first country that tried and outlined its international interest (Harris, 2011). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act makes "any act done in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment of any money, or offer, gift, promise to give, or authorization of the giving of anything of value" illegal (Dorman & Martin, 2007).

Many critics inspect the FCPA in an unorthodox manner by considering it an interruption to the performance of American businesses running abroad. On the other hand,…...

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References

Dorman, W., & Martin, B. (2007, December 17). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977. Retrieved July 28, 2012 from  http://www.andrewskurth.com/pressroom-publications-FOREIGNCORRUPTPRACTICESACTOF1977.html 

Harris, A. (2011). The Impact of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act on American Business from 1977-2010. Retrieved July 28, 2012 from  http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1177&context=cmc_theses 

Impact of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act on U.S. Business. (1981, March 04). Retrieved July 28, 2012 from  http://www.gao.gov/products/AFMD-81-34

Pizza Hut has also managed to open franchise stores across Iraq and they could also pose serious competition. But there also exists the chance that the Iraqi consumer will not make a major difference between the American fast food stores, but will compare them to the local food providers in the street. This would also bring about serious competition.

4. McDonald's Social esponsibility

McDonald's corporate website presents the user with a wide variety of reports on their implemented social responsibility practices. These include the employment practices, relationships with the suppliers, animal and environment welfare, corporate giving or educational programs and scholarships as well as the promotion of a healthy life style or the continual support offered to the development of the communities where McDonald's operates. The primary aim of these programs is to help the company better adapt and function in accordance to the changes affecting the micro and macro environments. While…...

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References

Docena, H., October 24, 2003, Dying for a McDonald's in Iraq, Asia Times

Druckman, E., January 22, 2007, George Bush's New Iraq Plan Includes McDonald's of Baghdad, Associated Content

Goering, L., July 5, 2003, Kurds Offer Troops a Holiday Haven for Rigors of Iraq, Chicago Tribune

McCarthy, T., August 16, 2006, Golden Arches With a Twist: Iraqi Burger Joint, ABC News

National Council of State Boards of Nursing, "NCLEX, http://www.ncsbn.org/research_stats/nclex.asp (17 September 2005);

National Sample Survey of egistered Nurses, 1992 and 2000.

M. Sison, "Exodus of Nurses Grows, Health System Feels Effect," CyberDyaryo, 8 May 2002, www.cyberdyaryo.com/features/f2002_0508_04.htm (17 September 2005);

C. Prystay, "U.S. Solution Is Philippine Dilemma -- As ecruiters Snap Up More Nurses, Hospitals in Manila Are Scrambling," Wall Street Journal, 18 July 2002.

J. Buchan, "International ecruitment of Nurses: United Kingdom Case Study," July 2002, http://www.rcn.org.uk/publications/pdf/irn-case-study-booklet.pdf (17 September 2005)

M.N. Fongwa, "International Health Care Perspectives: The Cameroon Example," Journal of Transcultural Nursing 13, no. 4 (2002): 325-330

U.S. Agency for International Development, "The Health Sector Human esource Crisis in Africa: An Issues Paper," February 2003, www.aed.org/publications/H_IssuesPaper.pdf (17 September 2005)

E. Spratley et al., the egistered Nurse Population, March 2000: Findings from the National Sample Survey of egistered Nurses (ockville, Md.: BHPr, September 2001); and Buchan et al., International Nurse Mobility.

.A. Stevens, "International Medical Education and the…...

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References

National Center for Health Workforce Analysis, Bureau of Health Professions, Health Resources and Services Administration, "Projected Supply, Demand, and Shortage of Registered Nurses: 2000-2020," 2002, bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce (17 September 2005);

J. Buchan, T. Parkin, and J. Sochalski, International Nurse Mobility: Trends and Policy Implications (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2003);

Division of Nursing, BHPr, National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses, 1980-2000.

U.S. General Accounting Office, Information on Foreign Nurses Working in the United States under Temporary Work Visas (Washington: GPO, 1989).

Ronald Reagan Foreign Policy: Annotated Bibliography
ucker, Robert W. 1989. "REAGAN'S FOREIGN POLICY." Foreign Affairs 68, no. 1: 1-27.

he author of this article maintains that Ronald Reagan assumed the Presidential role rebuking the 70s' arms control attempts. As a majority of Reagan's fellow politicians were highly suspicious of any arms control pacts with Russia, the general belief was that the newly sworn-in President shared the same view. he cold-war agreement with respect to foreign policy remains consistently idealized since Vietnam. Rarely did it function with the now-envisaged efficacy and smoothness. his re-formation's key feature was, evidently, the restitution of a prevalent public opinion that perceived the exercising of U.S. power without guilt or distrust, once again. herefore, the chief Reagan foreign-policy legacy might well be that: the 40th President of the United States altered the inclination not to suffer for USA's global position into something of a firm resolve to refrain…...

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This article is an analysis of the cognitive style of Reagan as manifested through his statement on the U.S. and the USSR and the nature of the 1964-1972 international conflict. The analysis shows the black-and-white dichotomy thinking and the rigid perception. However, the authr argues that Reagan was able to modify his notion on winning or losing in war through the reorganization that the U.S. and the USSR had some common interests in the war, for example, constraining the nuclear arms race.

Fischer, B.A., 2000. The Reagan reversal: Foreign policy and the end of the Cold War. University of Missouri Press.

Even though there is the assumption that Reagan was reactive in bringing to conclusion the cold war, this book shows that the president had actually began seeking for rapprochement with the USSR earlier than Gorbachev took office. The author demonstrates how Reagan began calling for dialogue, understanding and cooperation between the superpowers. In general the book shows that Reagan was at time the driving force for the U.S.-USSR policy of his administration.

Foreign Policy of China (Beijing consensus)
Structure of Chinese Foreign Policy

The "Chinese Model" of Investment

The "Beijing Consensus" as a Competing Framework

Operational Views

The U.S.-China (Beijing consensus) Trade Agreement and Beijing Consensus

Trading with the Enemy Act

Export Control Act.

Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act

Category B

Category C

The 1974 Trade Act.

The Operational Consequences of Chinese Foreign Policy

The World Views and China (Beijing consensus)

Expatriates

The Managerial Practices

Self Sufficiency of China (Beijing consensus)

China and western world: A comparison

The China (Beijing consensus)'s Policy of Trading Specialized Goods

Chapter 5

The versions of China (Beijing consensus)'s trade development

The China (Beijing consensus) Theory of Power Transition

eferences

Foreign Policy of China (Beijing consensus)

Chapter 1

Abbreviations

ACD arms control and disarmament

ACDA Arms Control and Disarmament Agency

ADB Asian Development Bank

ADF Asian Development Fund

APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

AF ASEAN [Association of Southeast Asian Nations] egional Forum

ASDF Air Self-Defense Forces

AShM anti-ship missiles

ASW antisubmarine warfare

AWACS airborne warning and command system

BIS Bank for International Settlements

BWC Biological Weapons Convention

CATIC China Agribusiness Development Trust and Investment Corporation

CBM confidence-building…...

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References

Barnett, A.D. (1977). China (Beijing consensus) and the Major Powers in East Asia. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. Retrieved September 10, 2011, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=34158088 

Boorman, H.L., Eckstein, A., Mosely, P.E., & Schwartz, B. (1957). Moscow-Peking Axis: Strengths and Strains (1st ed.). New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers. Retrieved September 10, 2011, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=53424557 

Sardesai, D.R. (1974). Chapter 6 India: A Balancer Power?. In Southeast Asia under the New Balance of Power, Chawla, S., Gurtov, M., & Marsot, A. (Eds.) (pp. 94-104). New York: Praeger. Retrieved September 10, 2011, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14691923 

Chawla, S., Gurtov, M., & Marsot, A. (Eds.). (1974). Southeast Asia under the New Balance of Power. New York: Praeger. Retrieved September 10, 2011, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14691822

American and Afghan justice systems.
Justice Systems

A criminal justice framework denotes the collection of processes and organizations instituted by the governments of countries for controlling crime as well as levying punishment on lawbreakers. America doesn't have any single system of criminal justice; rather, it possesses several similar, independent systems. The working of individual area's criminal justice structure is dependent on what jurisdiction governs the place: military rule, or federal, state, county, tribal, or city government (The Criminal Justice System, n.d). Laws vary with jurisdiction, as do law enforcement agencies and techniques of handling process of criminal justice. The key systems are as follows:

Federal: This system deals with crime perpetrated in two or more states, or on any federal property.

State: These systems deal with crime perpetrated within the boundaries of individual states.

Afghanistan

As regards judicial systems or judicial review, most Afghan nations continue to have very less, or virtually no, judicial institution…...

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References

Grono, N. (2011, April 28). Homepage - International Crisis Group. Rule of Law and the Justice System in Afghanistan - International Crisis Group. Retrieved January 5, 2015, from  http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/speeches/2011/rule-of-law-and-the-justice-system-in-afghanistan.aspx 

Segraves, J. (n.d.). EHow -- How to - Discover the expert in you! -- eHow. What Is the United States Criminal Justice System? -- eHow. Retrieved January 5, 2015, from http://www.ehow.com/about_6524678_united-states-criminal-justice-system_.html

(n.d.). Welcome to the National Center for Victims of Crime. The Criminal Justice System. Retrieved January 5, 2015, from  http://www.victimsofcrime.org/help-for-crime-victims/get-help-bulletins-for-crime-victims/the-criminal-justice-system

Foreign Monetary System
A monetary system is any structure initiated by the government and mandated to issue currency, acknowledged as the medium of exchange by its citizens and governments of other nations. The central bank manages the monetary system of a country; this same bank has the responsibility of printing money and controlling the economy. Since the colonial period, coins from the European colonies had circulated in all the colonies. The Spanish coins gained dominance due to the scarcity of coins, during this time; the main form of trade was barter trade. The trade-involved items such as rice, tobacco, or animal skins, which took the form of money paper and notes, had varying rates of discount in different colonies rendering them of very low value (onald & Wright, 2006).

The high population in the U.S. called for increased trade and commerce. This forced the United States government to look for ways to…...

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References

Ronald, M. & Wright, R.E. (2006). Development of the U.S. Monetary Union. Journal of Financial History Review, 13(1), 19-41.

Anonymous, (2011). Challenges and risks of the International Monetary System. Journal of Economic Review, 22(5), 768.

Eichengreen, B.J. (2008). Globalizing capital: A history of the international monetary system.

Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Foreign Health Care Policy
Over the last several years, issues affecting the U.S. health care system have been increasingly brought to the forefront. This is because rising costs are impacting demand for different services. What has been happening is these increases are forcing insurance companies, employers and providers to pass on more of these fees to the individual. This is problematic, as they are unable to afford these costs and premiums for coverage. When this happens, the total number of people who are uninsured will increase exponentially. Evidence of this can be seen with the fact that there are 48 million Americans who have no form of health care coverage. (Johnson, 2010) (Harrington, 2009)

While in Germany, the costs of care are lower and 90% of the population is insured. This is because they are using a different model. To fully understand which system is better requires comparing the two with each…...

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References

Armstrong, E. (2011). The Health Care Dilemma. Singapore: World Scientific.

Greenwald, H. (2010). Health Care in the United States. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.

Harrington, C. (2009). Health Policy. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.

Johnson, J. (2010). Comparative Health Systems. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.

1. Obama did possess legal authority for Operation Geronimo as argued in the thesis, based on the Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF) passed by Congress in the wake of the 9/11 attacks.

2. The AUMF provided the President with the necessary legal framework to conduct military operations against those responsible for the 9/11 attacks, including Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda, which justified the targeting of bin Laden in Operation Geronimo.

3. The operation to eliminate bin Laden was a legitimate act of self-defense under international law, given his role as the mastermind behind the deadliest terrorist....

1. Economic Factors:
- Zambia relies heavily on copper mining as its main source of export revenue, making it vulnerable to fluctuations in global commodity prices. In contrast, China has a more diversified economy with a strong manufacturing sector that has allowed it to become a major global exporter.
- Zambia has also faced challenges with high levels of public debt and inflation, which have hindered economic growth and development. China, on the other hand, has implemented various economic reforms and policies that have helped drive its rapid economic growth and poverty reduction.

2. Social Factors:
- Zambia has a much smaller population than....