First World War started in 1914 and its responsible for the acceleration of a series of social, political, economic and cultural developments. "Its immediate consequences -- the ussian evolution, the political and social upheavals of 1918-22 all over Europe, the redrawing of the maps with the emergence of new national states -- have determined the course of history in the twentieth century." (James Joll, Gordon Martel, page 1) After the war ended, the Treaty of Versailles was signed, in June 1919, in which Germans and their allies were found accountable for the conflict. The Treaty of Versailles determined the borders of Middle East Europe and created an international peace organization named the League of Nations.
Franz Ferdinand's assassination resulted in various differences between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. Austria-Hungary, as many other countries in the world, claimed that the Serbian government was to blame for the assassination. Austria-Hungary did not declare war…...

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References:

1. Joll, James, Martel Gordon, First World War, Pearson Education, 2007

2. World War I, Retrieved December 21, 2012 from the History website:  http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i 

3. Sheffield, Gary, War on the Western Front: In the trenches of World War I, Osprey Publishing, June 19, 2007

4. Tucker, Spencer C., Roberts, Priscilla Mary, World War I [5 Volumes]: A Student Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, October 25, 2005

ar as the "First orld ar"
The Seven Years ar from 1756 to 1763 was described by inston Churchill as the "first world war," because each of the major European powers of the time played a part in the conflict -- "the first conflict in human history to be fought around the globe" ("Seven Years ar"). This paper will discuss the aspects of the war, focusing on who fought and why, what the war's outcome was, and why it has been justly called the "first world war."

Even though the war was fought "in Europe, Africa, India and North America between England [and its] colonies, Prussia, Portugal and smaller German states [on one side] against Austria, France, Russia, Sweden and Saxony [on the other]," some scholars dispute the fact that it should be considered a orld ar, like David Reynolds in America, Empire of Liberty, who describes the Seven Years ar…...

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Works Cited

Anderson, Fred. "The Real First World War and the Making of America." American

Heritage Magazine 56.6, 2005. Web. 29 Mar 2011.

Reynolds, David. America, Empire of Liberty. New York, NY: Basic Books, 2009.

Print.

orld ar I -- the Peace Settlement
Known as "The ar to End All ars," orld ar I and its terms of peace significantly altered the civilized world and sowed the seeds of orld ar II. hile physically devastating to the four major empires that ruled Europe prior to orld ar I, the terms of peace were also deeply psychologically devastating to the losers of that ar, particularly to Germany. The humiliation and resentment resulting from defeat and from those peace terms provided fertile ground for the rise of Adolf Hitler.

Specific Peace Terms of orld ar I

Prior to orld ar I, there had been four major European empires: German, also known as the "eimar Republic"; Russian; Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman. However, defeat completely disassembled the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires while taking great amounts of land from the German and Russian empires: the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 required the Germans to admit…...

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Works Cited

Keegan, John. The Battle for History: Re-Fighting World War II. New York, NY: First Vintage Books Edition, 1996.

Overy, Richard. Why the Allies Won. New York, NY W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1997.

Weinberg, Gerhard L. A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Battle of Vimy
The First orld ar was truly a world affair, not only was it fought all over the world, but it also contained soldiers from all over the world. Each of the major combatants, particularly the Allies, called upon their colonies around the world for manpower. Answering the call for the British Empire were soldiers from many regions including Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and of course, Canada. hile each fought under the overall British command, each colonial unit was also uniquely proud of it's heritage. As a result of the successes of some of these colonial troops, their homelands developed a sense of nationalism. And this nationalism, and sense of national sacrifice, initiated these colonies toward the goal of national independence. One particular instance of this phenomenon came in April of 1917 when "the Canadian Corps left it's trenches all along it's front and stormed the German positions…...

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Works Cited

Cook, Tim. "Quill and canon: writing the Great War in Canada." American Review of Canadian Studies 35.3 (2005): 503+ Academic OneFile. Web 6 May. 2011.

Duguid, A. Fortesque. "Canadians in Battle, 1915-1918" Report of the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Historical Association" 14.1 (1935). Print

Martin, Jean. "Vimy, April 1917: The Birth of Which Nation?" Canadian Military Journal | Revue Militaire Canadienne. Web. 5 May 2011.  http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo11/no2/06-martin-eng.asp 

McKee, Alexander. The Battle of Vimy Ridge. New York: Stein and Day. 1966. Print.

Clausewitz and World War I
The role of various theories and concepts in the First World War has been an issue of considerable concern that has attracted various studies in attempts to understand their influence in the various battles related to the war. In addition to the various concepts behind the war, Clausewitz theories of war have come under increased scrutiny with regards to their influence on World War I. The scrutiny has led to assertions that the protracted and bloody stalemate of the First World War was largely because of the decision by the then leaders to stubbornly rely on the theories of Clausewitz. These assertions have generated various arguments and counter-arguments based on an overall outlook and analysis of the actual causes of World War I. Proponents of this idea continue to assert that these theories largely influence military strategies while opponents state that the theories had very…...

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Jordan Lindell, "Clausewitz: War, Peace and Politics," E-international Relations Students, accessed January 28, 2015,  http://www.e-ir.info/2009/11/26/clausewitz-war-peace-and-politics/ 

Joseph Enge, "Why the Rejection of Clausewitz, Moltke the Elder, and Bismarck Led to Germany's Disaster and Defeat in World War I," Enge Translations, accessed January 28, 2015, http://www.engetranslations.ee/documents/GermanyWWI_001.pdf

Stephen L. Melton, The Clausewitz Delusion, (Minneapolis, MN: Zenith Imprint) 2009:14

Balance of Power Help Us to Understand the Origins of orld ar I?
The origins of the first world war of the 20th century are now a matter of historical record, but even prior to the outbreak of hostilities in 1918, most observers in a position of authority readily recognized that it was not a question of whether there would be a war, but rather of when and where it would begin (Fromkin 259). Because the "ar to End All ars" failed to do so, it is important to better understand its origins and the balance of power concept can facilitate that process. To this end, this paper reviews the relevant literature to explain how the balance of power can help modern observers better understand the origins of orld ar I, followed by a summary of the research and important findings concerning these issues in the conclusion.

Balance of Power in…...

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Works Cited

Black's Law Dictionary. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co., 1990.

De Balla, Valentine. The New Balance of Power in Europe. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1932.

Fahey, John E. (2011, September/October). "The Origins of the First World War." Military Review 91(5): 95-101.

Fromkin, David. Europe's Last Summer: Who Started the Great War of 1914? New York: Alfred P. Knopf, 2004.

Russian Revolution 1914-1930
Lenin's April Theses?

When Vladimir Lenin returned to Saint Petersburg from his exile in Switzerland, he wrote a collection of directives that were intended for Bolsheviks, both those in Russia and those returning to Russia from exile, just as Lenin was (Acton, et al. 1997; Pares, 2001). The primary tenets of the Aprelskiye Tezisy or April Theses, as they came to be called, were primarily as follows: The workers' councils or soviets were to take power -- to control the state -- and in the process, denounce all liberals and social democrats who were in the Provisional Government (Acton, et al. 1997; Pares, 2001). That is to say that he implored the Bolsheviks to not cooperate with the government, but rather to help establish new communist policies (Acton, et al. 1997; Pares, 2001). Lenin argued that the rank and file revolutionaries had been deceived by the bourgeoisie and that,…...

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Essays by 46 historians make this an important book on the Russian revolution and the fall of the Soviet Union. The discussion of the revolution includes the actors and the question of agency; the parties, the revolutionary movements, and the ideologies; and the question of consciousness and economic.

Petty, Leia. Kollontai Rediscovered. SocialistWorker.org. Book Review. 27 August 2014. 24 November 2014.

This book review was helpful to the effort of interpreting Kollontai's esoteric and self-absorbed work.

World War Analysis
WWI analysis examining the significance and impact of WWI on U.S. history

In the early 20th Century, a general fear existed that a huge war would break out due to the circumstances existing at that time and therefore every small incident was considered deadly. However the triggering factor was the assassination of Austrian Archduke Ferdinand in June 1914 resulting in World War I (WWI) or the Great War. WWI took place from 1914 to 1918 and major countries took part in it; war resulting in drastic consequences such as collapse of economies and death of millions of people. The two main groups fighting against each other were Triple Alliance and Triple Entente (also known as the Western Powers). The U.S. did not participate in the war in the beginning and tried its best to remain neutral. However, it was forced to join the Triple Entente when German submarines sank…...

WWI
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife represented a culmination of several concurrent forces, all of which led to the outbreak of World War. The concurrent forces that led to World War One can be loosely grouped under the following categories: nationalism, imperialism, and militarism. Within each of these categories are ample sub-categories that can testify to the extent of forces that shaped the pre-war conditions throughout not just Europe but the entire world. World War One was a total war for many reasons: it involved serious civilian casualties on a horrific scale for all parties. The Great War also brought to light the impact of globalization on the global economy and political enterprise. Nationalism, imperialism, and militarism all played a part in shaping participation in World War One; the effects of which continue to reverberate.

As Marshall (2001) points out, "Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy were all creations of…...

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References

Allan, T. (2003). The Causes of World War I. Chicago: Reed Elsevier.

Bosco, P., & Bosco, A. (2003). World War I. Infobase.

Heyman, N.M. (1997). World War I. Greenwood.

Marshall, S.L.A. (2001). World War I. New York: First Mariner.

National debt and veterans benefits for example drove a permanent increase in taxes, although these were not as high as during the war. The country's international economic position was also permanently affected. Its pre-war status as a debtor country was permanently changed to a net creditor, in the order of $6.4billion. Also, the power as financial world leader shifted from London and the Bank of England to New York, with an enhancement of the Federal Reserve's role (World War I History). In general, it appears as if the war effort had a favorable impact on the U.. economy. The devastating human and resource losses were offset by favorable economic factors. In this way, World War I changed the economic position of the United tates both permanently and favorably.
ources

Duffy, Michael. "The Causes of World War I." FirstWorldWar.com feature articles. March 27, 2004. http://www.firstworldwar.com/origins/causes.htm

U.. Declaration of War with Germany, 2 April…...

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Sources

Duffy, Michael. "The Causes of World War I." FirstWorldWar.com feature articles. March 27, 2004.  http://www.firstworldwar.com/origins/causes.htm 

U.S. Declaration of War with Germany, 2 April 1917" FirstWolrdWar.com primary documents. April 14, 2002. URL:  http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/usneutrality.htm 

Feldmeth, Greg D. "U.S. Involvement in World War I." U.S. History Resources. March 31, 1998. URL: http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Bunker/3017/

Rockoff, Hugh. "U.S. Economy in World War I." EH.Net Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Whaples. September 30, 2005. URL:

Conscription

From the beginning of the war, there had been some variation in the Canadian attitude toward the conflict. Canada never questioned the legitimacy of the war and did not question the need for Canadian participation. There were differences of opinion, though, concerning how extensive the Canadian contribution should be. These variations affected the response to calls for enlistment and divided the country as the towns were more willing than the countryside, the prairies more willing than the Atlantic seaboard, and "it was observed that the proportion of enlistments achieved by any social group appeared to vary almost inversely to the length of its connection with Canada. On the one hand, the ritish-born -- the new arrivals with a large proportion of unattached males of military age -- gave the highest percentage of their numbers to the armed services, and, on the other hand, the French Canadians unquestionably gave the lowest…...

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Bibliography

Ameringer, Charles D. Political Parties of the Americas, 1980s to 1990s: Canada, Latin America, and the West Indie.

Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1992.

Bothwell, Robert. History of Canada since 1867. Washington, D.C.: Association for Canadian Studies in the United States, 1996.

Boudreau, Joseph a. "Canada and the First World War: Essays in Honour of Robert "Canada and Worlod War I," the History of Canada (2007),  http://www.linksnorth.com/canada-history/canadaandworldwar1.html .

Sonar esearch and Naval Warfare: 1914-1954
During both World War I and World War II, there were a number of informational tactics used by the Navy in order to gain ground on enemy troops. One of those was sonar research, because it provided them with knowledge they would not have otherwise had (Hackmann, 1984). Sonar is not perfect, but a great deal of work has gone into it since its creation, and that has helped it to become a more valuable tool for Naval operations. Sonar is used for navigation, but also for communication and the detection of objects, primarily underwater (Urick, 1983). There are two types of sonar: passive and active. In active sonar, pings are sent out to search for other objects (Hackmann, 1984). Passive sonar does not send out a signal, but only listens for the pings and signals of others (Hackmann, 1984). Both have their place, and…...

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References

Abbatiello, J. (2005). Anti-submarine warfare in World War I: British Naval aviation and the defeat of the U-boats. NY: Routledge.

Adamthwaite, A.P. (1992). The making of the Second World War. New York: Routledge.

Barber, J., & Harrison, M. (2006). Patriotic war, 1941 -- 1945. In Ronald Grigor Suny, ed. The Cambridge History of Russia, Volume III: The Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hackmann, W. (1984). Seek & Strike: Sonar, anti-submarine warfare and the Royal Navy 1914-54. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.

The U.S. emerged as a leading superpower and the sole nuclear power in the world, determined to play a leading role in international politics. The post-Second World War era saw the start of a prolonged Cold War in which the U.S. competed for political domination around the world with Soviet Communism until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990. The Second World War also helped the country to overcome the economic depression of the 1930s as its wartime industrial production stimulated its economy.
eferences

Arima, Y. (2003). "The Way to Pearl Harbor: U.S. Vs. Japan." ICE Case Studies:

Number 118, December, 2003. etrieved on May 26, 2007 at http://www.american.edu/TED/ice/japan-oil.htm

Dwyer, J.J. (2004). "The United States and World War I." Lew ockwell.com. etrieved on May 26, 2007 at http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig3/dwyer3.html

Keylor, William . (2007). "World War I." Encyclopedia Encarta Online. On May 26, 2007 at http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761569981/World_War_I.html

Steiner, Z. (2001). 2 the Treaty of Versailles evisited. In…...

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References

Arima, Y. (2003). "The Way to Pearl Harbor: U.S. Vs. Japan." ICE Case Studies:

Number 118, December, 2003. Retrieved on May 26, 2007 at  http://www.american.edu/TED/ice/japan-oil.htm 

Dwyer, J.J. (2004). "The United States and World War I." Lew Rockwell.com. Retrieved on May 26, 2007 at  http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig3/dwyer3.html 

Keylor, William R. (2007). "World War I." Encyclopedia Encarta Online. On May 26, 2007 at http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761569981/World_War_I.html

World War I and its Effect on the Middle East
The Europeans who had already colonized much of the area with post-World War I now spread further into the Middle East claiming further portions such as Arabia, Iraq, yria, Libya, and Palestine. The Constantinople Agreement followed by many more including the ykes Picot agreement over and again implemented covert agreements regarding lands that would go to each of the Allies. After the war, France received Lebanon and yria (

) even though yria herself preferred an American mandate (2), and Britain received land that included Palestine, Israel, Transjordan, and Iraq (3). The indigenous people themselves were never consulted regarding whom they wished to control them, and colonization, consequently, prompted Arabic nationalism.

Nationalism was, furthermore, created by the fact that the peace settlements imposed by the Allies after World War I broke up nation states and created others, confusing many who, originally believing…...

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Sources

Bloomberg.com. "U.S., U.K. Waged War on Iraq Because of Oil, Blair Adviser Says" Bloomberg.com, May 1, 2003

CBS.com. "Poll: Talk First, Fight Later." CBS.com, Jan. 24, 2003. Retrieved 1/17/2011.

DeNovo, J. American Interests and Policies in the Middle East (University of Minnesota Press, 1963)

Gelvin, J. History of the Modern Middle East (Oxford University Press, 2005)

Nazi Germany
Nazi Propaganda and the Spread of Fascism

orld ar II was precipitated by the rise of fascism throughout Europe. As the mores of socialism began to take root in many parts of the continent, fascism emerged as a powerful counterpoint. For nations like Italy, Spain and Germany, the consequences of a sustained and devastating recession would be a coalescing of support behind strong, self-proclaimed and authoritarian leaders. Certainly, most notorious among them would be Adolph Hitler, whose Nazi party would first occupy Austria and Germany before ultimately pursuing a more global agenda. However, for our discussion, the primary interest is the degree of success that the Nazi party had in ultimately penetrating Germany with its values, ideals and policies. As the discussion here will show, propaganda would play a central role in the ability of the Nazi party to garner support and generate the impassioned loyalty of the German people.

In…...

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Works Cited:

German Propaganda Archive. (2013). Es Lebe Deutschland. Bytwerk.com.

History Learning Site (HLS). (2012). Propaganda in Nazi Germany. Historylearningsite.co.uk.

Welch, D. (2011). Nazi Propaganda. BBC History.

Title: The Impact of Global Wars on Societies: Causes, Consequences, and Lessons

Introduction:
Global wars have shaped world history, leaving indelible imprints on societies and cultures. This essay explores the causes, consequences, and lessons derived from the major global wars in history. By examining significant conflicts such as World War I, World War II, and the Cold War, we gain an understanding of the profound socio-political changes and humanitarian crises resulting from these wars. Utilizing a range of authoritative resources, this essay aims to present a comprehensive examination of global wars and their legacy.

I. Causes of Global Wars
A. Imperialism and Expansionism
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