This is usually characterized by internal bleeding and the affected part grows numb and cold. The best first aid treatment for such is to immobilize the body and particularly the affected part especially in the absence of ice that can be placed over the closed wound as was Aron's case. The reason for immobilizing the part and the body is to reduce the internal bleeding. This is exactly what he did, he calmed himself down and tried to avoid movements at the initial time when his arm was crushed.
After the amputation, he ended up with an open wound that was prone to further bleeding and even infection. To avoid such from happening, the wound was adequately covered with the available clothing.

Aron also ended up with crashed bones on his right arm after breaking free from the grip of the rock. This meant he was to travel with he fracture…...

First Aid
Life is unpredictable, and emergency situations can arise at any time. First aid allows anyone to respond to a medical emergency with little or no formal training and no expensive equipment. The phrase "first aid" refers to the fact that even if the injuries are serious and do require expert medical attention, the initial intervention can "literally mean the difference between life and death," (BBC Health). It is not just in extreme situations that the need for first aid can arise. Daily tasks performed in the home can lead to situations that require some know-how in preventing infection, illness, or death. When dealing with serious life-threatening situations such as automobile accidents or assaults, and knowing the basics of first aid can save lives. Professional emergency responders will eventually be there to help, but cannot always arrive soon enough to prevent medical injury or death. Therefore, knowing the basic tools…...

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References

BBC Health. "First Aid." Retrieved online: http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/first_aid/index.shtml

Mayo Clinic. "First Aid." Retrieved online:  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/FirstAidIndex/FirstAidIndex

Psychological First Aid (PFA) is a system that has been created to fill the newly perceived need of first responders and the way in which they meet the needs in turn experienced by victims in a disaster situation. ecently, officials recognized the need for a set of clear guidelines to help disaster personnel handle the stress and rigors of meeting the psychological and emotional needs of victims while also creating a platform for logistical support. To facilitate this, the PFA system consists of eight core actions, including contact and engagement, safety and comfort, stabilization, information gathering, practical assistance, connection with social supports, information on coping support, and linkage with collaborative service. Of these, the first two will be considered in more depth.
The first component, contact and engagement, is a response to the immediate challenge that disaster responders face when arriving at the site in question. This challenge focuses on the…...

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References

National Center for PTSD. (n.d.) Psychological First Aid: Field Operations Guide, 2nd Edition. Retrieved from:  http://www.nctsnet.org/nctsn_assets/pdfs/pfa/2/PsyFirstAid.pdf 

Ruzek, J.I., Brymer, M.J., Jacobs, A.K., Layne, C.M., Vernberg, E.M., and Watson, P.J. (2007, Jan. 13). Psychological First Aid. Journal of Mental Health Counseling. Retrieved from: http://www.homeland1.com/disaster-preparedness/articles/424682-Psychological-first-aid/

Uhernik, J.A., and Husson, M.A. (2009). Psychological First Aid: An Evidence Informed Approach for Acute Disaster Behavioral Health Response. Compelling Counseling Interventions. Retrieved from: http://counselingoutfitters.com/vistas/vistas09/Article_24_UhernikHusson.pdf

All in all, frostbite is much easier to prevent than it is to cure. The old adage that an once of prevention is worth a pound of cure certainly holds true in this instance. Remembering to keep yourself covered up and monitoring the way your fingers and toes fell is the most important step in keeping yourself safe from frostbite. Simple awareness is usually the first step in preventing accidents and injuries, and playing with the cold is no exception. If your fingers begin to feel stiff or numb, you should go inside and warm them immediately. It might not be fun lose a snowball fight, but it's better than losing your fingers.

orks Cited

Carline, Jan D., Lentz, Martha J. & Steven C. MacDonald. Mountaineering First Aid. Seattle: The Mountaineers Books, 2004.

Dealing with Frostbite." Holiday City. 30 November 2005. Accesed 12 January 2009. http://www.holidaycityflash.com/article/dealing_frostbite.html

Frostbite." eMedicineHealth: A Practical Guide to Health. 2009.…...

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Works Cited

Carline, Jan D., Lentz, Martha J. & Steven C. MacDonald. Mountaineering First Aid. Seattle: The Mountaineers Books, 2004.

Dealing with Frostbite." Holiday City. 30 November 2005. Accesed 12 January 2009. http://www.holidaycityflash.com/article/dealing_frostbite.html

Frostbite." eMedicineHealth: A Practical Guide to Health. 2009. Accessed 12 January 2009.  http://www.emedicinehealth.com/frostbite/page2_em.htm 

Frostbite." Healthscout Health Encyclopedia. 2001-2009. Accessed 12 January 2009. http://www.healthscout.com/ency/68/453/main.html

Aid to Dependent Corporations
The government of United States is incurring heavy revenue loss on account of the corporate sector subsidies and other special rebates. The friendly policies of the government aimed at promoting a positive business climate are sadly being exploited. In their interests to evade tax, businesses today are taking undue advantage of the favorable federal policies. In this regard I feel that our governments tax policies and corporate procedures need to be reexamined in order to eliminate the loopholes in them and at the same time support the common welfare schemes. Let us analyze the scenario in a little detail so that we can better appreciate the situation.

One by one our leading business corporations are reeling under accounting scams. I need not mention how well such a giant corporation like 'Enron' managed to disguise its financial information from the government and the stockholders. In the prevailing scenario I…...

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Bibliography

Chuck Collins, "Dollars & Sense," 'Aid to dependent corporations: exposing federal handouts to the wealthy', May-June 1995, pg 15

Local, state, and federal organizations and agencies offer resources for responding to natural disasters like earthquakes. In the event of an earthquake, as many first responder resources as are necessary can be mobilized to provide effective and cost-effective interventions. Depending on the severity of the quake, the extent of the damage to both property and human casualty, and the location of the event(s), various first responders may be called in for assistance. Most first responders will be from local organizations like law enforcement and fire departments as well as emergency medical technicians who will arrive on the scene for triage and medical intervention for saving lives and reducing the extent and severity of injuries. Local branches of the Red Cross may also be involved as first responders. Then, each state will have its own list of governmental and non-governmental first responder agencies that can deploy more resource-intensive needs requiring specialized equipment…...

8). Some
additional equipment used by first responders might include both breathing masks and full-fledged gas masks (depending on the circumstances), ropes, ladders, flashlights, helmets

(some sporting lights), anchor points, buoyancy control devices, stretchers (some with wheels, others are handheld) portable radios, food, water, antibiotics, insulin, needles and even more. Much of this equipment will be a matter of not only practicality, but of necessity as well.

First responders also need clothing that reflects the nature of the emergency with which they need to address. If the situation which they are addressing is one that includes biological components the clothing they must don is a bit different than that of regular first responder's clothing. First responders clothing can include a number of different items such as; insulated, waterproofed heavy and highly visible jackets, multiple-use bandanas, public safety, police and fire vests, polyurethane overalls, parkas, coats and waterproof jackets.

Many of these items are…...

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References

American Red Cross (2011) First aid/CPR/AED, accessed at website:   on March 15, 2011http://www.redcross.org/portal/site/en/menuitem.d8aaecf214c576bf971e4cfe43181aa0/?vgnextoid=aea70c45f663b110VgnVCM10000089f0870aRCRD ,

Borio, L.; Inglesby, T.; Peters, C.J.; Schmaljohn, a.I.; Hughes, J.M.; Jarhling, P.B.; Ksiazek, T.; Johnson, K.M.; Meyerhoff, a.; O'Toole, T.; Ascher, M.S.; Bartlett, J.; Breman, J.G.; Eitzen, Jr., E.M.; Hamburg, M.; Hauer, J.; Henderson, D.A.; Johnson, R.T.; Kwik, G.; Layton, M.; Lillibridge, S.; Nabel, G.J.; Osterholm, M.T.; Perl, T.M.; Russell, P.; Tonat, K.; (2002) Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons, Journal of American Medical Association, Vol. 287, Issue 18, pp. 2391-2405

NFPA-1006 (2008) Standard for technical rescuer professional qualifications -- 2008 edition, National Fire Protection Association, 2008

Rockland Fire Equipment Company, Inc. (2011) Bio-Chemical protective suits for first responders, accessed at website:   / on March 15, 2011http://www.rocklandfire.com 

Aid
The United States has been one of the most affluent countries of the world. Because of this fact, the country has established a history of providing aid and comfort to other groups around the world who are suffering because of economic, agricultural, or other turmoil for whatever reason, whether it be failure of government, war, or natural disaster. Some advocate that this is the rightful position of more wealthy countries and populations, to provide assistance to those who are less fortunate. This is certainly true to some extent. However, when a nation is in times of difficulty itself, like the United States is currently embroiled in, it is more important that the government provide aid to its own citizens than looking at what it can do outside the nation's borders. On an individual level, it would certainly be nice for wealthy persons to assist their fellow men and women…...

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Works Cited:

Narveson, Jan. "We Don't Owe Them a Thing." The Monist. 86:3. 419-433. Print.

Singer, Peter. "Famine, Affluence, and Morality." Philosophy and Public Affairs. 1:1. 1972. 229-

243. Print.

aid President George W. ush in policy formulation. It is an all-inclusive paper dealing with a wide range of issues such as the American economy in general- discussing issues such as budget deficits, tax cuts, medical assistance and benefits for retired people, the weakening American dollar, allocations for the military, intelligence and homeland security, job growth and the regime and policies of free trade. With regards to security, it features the recent American initiate on the war on terrorism. The issue of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and nuclear proliferation are discussed quite at length.
Another aspect listed in the paper is the 'future', as it was viewed from the era of the Vietnam War. The relevance of the cold war is also outlined as a great American victory. Compelling issues such as the role of oil, OPEC, the Middle East and the socio-political and economic situation after the incidents…...

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Bibliography

Bush's tax cut' Retrieved from;

Accessed on March 5, 2004http://amateurpundit.hypermart.net/features107_bushtaxing.htm

Economy: Job Creation' Retrieved from;

  Accessed on March 5, 2004http://ipsnews.net/africa/interna.asp?idnews=22469 

Despite increased student fees, the UC still encountered a $500 million shortfall or $2,500 per student. It has been undergoing severe pressure from the impact of the cuts. The quality of education at the U.S. has remained high, but there have been disturbing signs of erosion, nevertheless. The widening gap between the UC and the best private university has been alarming because the UC competes for the top teachers and students with these private universities. This widening gap should be a critical concern to the state and the federal governments because even excellent private universities are too small to meet California's or the nation's needs for a well-educated workforce in the future, to come up with innovations needed to fuel the economy and to generate jobs, and to introduce medical advances for the use and care of the sick and disabled. In the past decade, California's private research universities,…...

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Bibliography

Clinton, P. (2002). The student aid conundrum. University Business: 4 pages.

Professional Media Group LLC

Darling, B.B. (2005). Hearing testimony. 5 pages. California Senate Subcommittee on Higher Education. Retrieved January 26, 2007 at  http://www.ucop.edu/uersvp/speeches/Speier_Hearing_Nov_9_2005.pdf 

Dervarics, C. (2006). Congress approves cuts to student loan programs. 1 page. Diverse Issues on Higher Education: Cox, Matthews and Associates

student aid programs.
Student finance aid can be described as funds given to the student to make it easy for them to fix cost of education such as fee and tuition, room and board, supplies and books where the students are undertaking their education like in universities, colleges or private schools.The funds which is being given out to public educations by government in general is known as financial aid meaning that it is being given to particular students, Financial aid can also be referred to as scholarship, although scholarship has some other components like students loans and grants.Loans are finance that one lend and must be paid back with an intrest after a period of time.In the case of student loan the money will be taken back after graduating.Aid is the help one is given.

All the U.S. states governments and The United States government offer loans, grants and work study…...

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Work cited

Berkeley (December 2009)"students debt "Schackner Pittsburgh Post Gazette

Fetterman Mindy (2006)"Young people struggle to deal witht kiss of debts "USA Today

Kantrowitz, Mark (2010-03-26). "Student Loans - The New York Times." Nytimes.com.   Retrieved 2011-02-07.http://www.nytimes.com/info/student-loans/?inline=nyt-classifier .

Schemo, Diana Jean (June 10, 2007) "Private loan deepen acrisis in student Debt "by new York times Tim Grant,(July 29,2009) "student loan puts college graduates into deep financial hole" Pittsburgh Post Gazette

Technical Officer
For first responders, having an effective communications system is vital for ensuring the safety of civilians, personnel and utilizing resources efficiently. This improves everyone's ability to respond to emergency situations. While at the same time, it is ensuring that manpower and other reserves are deployed to those areas that need the most assistance. (Stroud, 2011)

One of the better tools for addressing communications needs is the computer aided dispatch service (CAD). To fully understand how this can be implemented (inside a New Jersey community) requires creating a plan that will be presented by showing the way this can address the needs of the community. This will be accomplished through focusing on the specifics and how it will tackle critical issues. (Stroud, 2011)

The CAD System

The CAD system consists of a software program that enables public communications for dispatch services and updating the locations of units in the field. What makes this…...

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References

Stroud, I. (2011). Solid Modeling and CAD Systems. London: Springer.

The National Defense Education Act was the outcome of a bill that was present before the Sputnik scare.
While the categorical aid as described in the 1958 and 1965 legislation allowed some room for negotiations on the state-church issue, it yet faced another problem due to the opposition that did not want a federal control over their states. This dragged the implementation process of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. It was in the interest of the federal government to keep a check on how the funds that they allocated were being spent thus federal control was inevitable. The resistance however did not want any intervention and thus opposed any control and checks by the federal government.

There was a Public Law 94-142 passed in 1975 which was in favor for the education of handicapped children. The passing of this law experienced a slow but sure professional change in approach. These…...

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References

The U.S. department of Education. "The Federal Role in Education" [online website] Available at   on 01/09/2005]http://www.ed.gov/about/overview/fed/role.html?src=ln [Accessed

Laurence H. Tribe, American Constitutional Law (Minneola, NY: The Foundation Press, second edition, 1988)

W. Brooke Graves, American Intergovernmental Relations: Their Origins, Historical Development and Current Status (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1964)

Keith W. Olson. The GI Bill, the Veterans, and the Colleges (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1974)

Globalization: Daniel Yergin's "Giving Aid to orld Trade" and Helena Norberg-Hodge's "The March of the Monoculture"
In their respective articles about the effects of western influence on developing nations and areas of the world, Daniel Yergin, in "Giving Aid to orld Trade" and Helena Norberg-Hodge, in "The March of the Monoculture," express very different viewpoints on the benefits (or lack thereof) of western foreign presence in these places. Yergin is more sanguine about such presence overall. Norberg-Hodge is less so. hile Yergin writes from a purely economic perspective, Norberg-Hodge writes from a cultural one, which perhaps explains the differences in their viewpoints on this issue.

As Yergin suggests in "Giving Aid to orld Trade," for example, foreign aid may "improve health, education and national infrastructure . . . build legal and lending institutions . . . Such improvements can attract long-term foreign investment that creates jobs and encourages transfers of technologies…...

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Works Cited

Norberg-Hodge, Helena. "The March of the Monoculture." Retrieved May 26,

2005, from: .

Yergin, Daniel. "Giving Aid to World Trade. Policy Matters, Vol. 2, Issue 34 (July

2002). Retrieved May 26, 2005, from: .

Currently children and families who are in this country illegally are entitled to the following programs.

Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) nutrition program: Agency workers do not ask for a client's immigration status"(Benefits, 2006).

Outpatient medical care: Only at clinics designated as federally qualified health centers - those helping needy communities - where clients receive medical care if they demonstrate financial need "(Benefits, 2006).

Prenatal care: Only at federally qualified health centers"(Benefits, 2006).

Emergency medical care: Paid by Medicaid if patient shows financial need"(Benefits, 2006).

Labor and delivery care in hospitals: Paid by Medicaid if patient shows financial need (Benefits, 2006)."

Immunizations: Health departments and clinics generally do not ask for immigration status. They prefer to vaccinate as many people as possible to prevent disease outbreaks (Benefits, 2006)."

Business license: The state does not ask for proof of immigration status.

Public defender: equired by the U.S. Constitution for those charged with criminal offenses (not available in civil court…...

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References

____. Benefits off-limits to illegals Undocumented can get only limited range of taxpayer-funded services." Denver Rocky Mountain News (2006)

Brinkley, John. "ILLEGAL IMMIGRANT NUMBERS UP STATE'S UNDOCUMENTED POPULATION GREW BY 28.6% FROM 1992-96" Denver Rocky Mountain News (2007)

Cohn, Dvera. "Report Details Growth in Illegal Migration; Undocumented Immigrants Outnumbered Legal Ones From 2000 to 2004, Study Says." The Washington Post; (2005)

Fears, Darryl. "For Illegal Immigrants, Some Aid Is Too Risky; Fears Abound as Government Won't Promise Immunity From Deportation." The Washington Post; (2005)

I. Introduction
A. Definition of extreme situations
B. Importance of survival in extreme situations
C. Thesis statement: There are various factors that contribute to people surviving extreme situations.

II. Physical Factors
A. Physical strength and stamina
B. Knowledge of survival skills
C. Access to necessary resources (food, water, shelter)

III. Psychological Factors
A. Resilience and mental toughness
B. Positive mindset and determination
C. Ability to adapt to changing circumstances

IV. Social Factors
A. Support from family and friends
B. Cooperation and teamwork with others
C. Assistance from rescue teams or authorities

V. Environmental Factors
A. Impact of weather and terrain
B. Presence of danger....

Mudslides: A Devastating Threat to Communities

Mudslides, also known as debris flows, are fast-moving mixtures of soil, rock, water, and sometimes vegetation that can cause catastrophic damage and loss of life. These natural hazards pose a significant threat to communities located in mountainous or hilly areas, particularly during heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt.

Effective Preparation and Response Strategies

Preparing for and responding to mudslides requires a comprehensive approach involving multiple stakeholders, including government agencies, emergency responders, community members, and landowners. Here are key strategies to mitigate the risks and enhance community resilience:

1. Hazard Identification and Mapping:

Conduct thorough geological surveys to identify areas....

Impact of Basic Life Support Training on Emergency Response in Critical Situations
Basic life support (BLS) training plays a crucial role in improving emergency response effectiveness during critical situations, providing the foundation for swift and potentially life-saving interventions. This training equips individuals with essential knowledge and skills to recognize and respond to life-threatening emergencies, such as cardiac arrest, choking, and airway emergencies.
Enhanced Recognition of Cardiac Arrest and Prompt Response:
BLS training teaches individuals how to identify the signs of cardiac arrest, a condition where the heart suddenly stops beating. It emphasizes the importance of calling for emergency services (e.g., 911) immediately and....

1. Education and awareness: Providing accurate information about mental health, dispelling myths and misconceptions, and promoting understanding can help reduce stigma.

2. Encouraging open conversations: Encouraging open discussions about mental health can help create a supportive environment where people feel comfortable talking about their experiences and seeking help.

3. Challenging stereotypes: Challenging negative stereotypes and beliefs about mental health can help shift attitudes and promote acceptance and understanding.

4. Promoting empathy and compassion: Encouraging empathy and compassion towards those experiencing mental health issues can help reduce stigma and create a more supportive and inclusive society.

5. Providing support and resources: Increasing access to mental....