In 1033 of the National Fire Protection Association's guide, the responsibilities and details are defined for the fire inspector role. Essentially, it is the responsibility of this specialist to investigate the sources and causes of fires. To fulfill this role, it is the responsibility of the specialist to 'thoroughly examine the fire scene, document the scene completely, collect and preserve all evidence associated with a scene, conduct interviews and interrogations, provide post-incident investigation, and present findings to the appropriate institutions or persons' (NFPA, 1998). It is essential to fire prevention, protection, and safety to understand how fires are initialized and this is the job of the fire investigator.
Clearly, it takes a detailed oriented person to fill any of these positions. Further, the person must possess excellent organizational skills and observational skills. Additionally, the most suited fire protection specialist must also possess excellent oral and written communication skills. Obviously, the fire…...
mlaReferences
National Fire Protection Association (2009). Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire
Inspector and Plan Examiner. NFPA, 1031, 1-43. Retrieved December 15, 2012 from Scribd. website: http://www.scribd.com/doc/60449685/NFPA-1031
National Fire Protection Association (1998). Standards for Professional Qualifications for Fire
Investigator. NFPA, 1033, N.p. Retrieved December 15, 2012 from Scribd. website:
The requirements are more specific in terms of the size and placement of the fire extinguishers. These shall be located no further than 75 ft (23 m) from the Class D hazard. In this case, the placement of the fire extinguishers will be determined by the location of the metal fabrication facilities. Assuming that these are located in the center of the room, and that the distance from the center to the corners is not longer than 75 ft, the fire extinguishers can be located in the four corners of each of the rooms in which the metals are produced. The size will be determined by the particular metals being produced, however, it appears that 40 should be sufficiently strong to counter a potential fire hazard.
All fire extinguishers will be inspected every 30 days, with regular maintenance every year. Given the class of fire hazard, regular maintenance can be done…...
mlaBibliography
1. Fire Alarm System Categories. On the Internet at Last retrieved on August 17, 2011http://www.sdfirealarms.co.uk/fire-alarm-systems-categories.
2. NFPA 10. On the Internet at Last retrieved on August 17, 2011http://www.minhbao.com.vn/userfiles/file/A-%20NFPA_10 (2).pdf.
Fire Alarm System Categories. On the Internet at Last retrieved on August 17, 2011http://www.sdfirealarms.co.uk/fire-alarm-systems-categories.
NFPA 10. On the Internet at
Other types of systems include carbon dioxide systems. This is ideal for electrical hazard areas; however, it's more expensive than sprinkler systems. Foam extinguishing systems use a foam producing solution. it's effective for combustible liquids; however, again, it is not cost effective for most applications ("Chapter 31").
Determination of ater Amount and How it Can be Provided:
The problems encountered regarding the determination of the amount of water required on premises for a system and how that amount of water can be provided begin with the layout of the system. So many factors come into play, from the length of the piping run, to the size of pipe, to the elevation of the floor on which the system is installed, to the number of sprinklers included in the system. Each of these affects the pressure at each of the sprinkler head, and the amount of water needed to meet the minimum requirement…...
mlaWorks Cited
"Below Ground Smoke Control Systems." Europe's Leading Supplier of Ventilation Systems. n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2010. .
"Chapter 31 - Fire Protection." Army TM Manuals. n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2010. .
Fischer, D. "How Fire Sprinkler Systems Work." How Stuff Works. n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2010. .
"HFD: All You Ever Wanted to Know About Fire Extinguishers ." Hanford Site. 5 Mar. 2001. Web. 18 Nov. 2010. .
Lessons Learned for Nightclub Fires
In some ways the historical events that accompanied "The Station" fire were precedent setting. In other ways, however, these historical events were sadly a little too familiar. A perfect example of this sort of dichotomy is found in the trigger to this fire. According to a report compiled by obert Duvall (2006) regarding this particular fire and nightclub fires in general, the conflagration at The Station "resulted from a form of ignition not often seen when comparing other fires in assembly occupancies: pyrotechnics" (p. 22). In this regard, the fire at The Station was unique when compared to the other fires detailed for their historical events in Duvall's document. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has very specific standards and requirements for the utilization of pyrotechnics in "Existing Assembly Occupancies" (Duval, 2006, p. 22). Interestingly enough, even a cursory examination of those standards introduces the aspect…...
mlaReferences
Duvall, R. (2006). NFPA case study: Nightclub fires. National Fire Protection Association.
Modeling Fire Behavior for Prevention and MitigationToday, a wide array of sophisticated computer-based algorithms provide fire investigators, fire protection engineers and risk management professionals with the ability to model fire behaviors that can help prevent fires in the first place and mitigate the human casualties and property damage they cause in the event that prevention fails. To learn more about these valuable technological resources, the purpose of this paper is to identify appropriate computational models for simulating fire spread, predicting fire behavior, and informing emergency response strategies. The paper introduces the topic with an overview of fire modeling, following by a discussion concerning how these methods can prevent fires and help mitigate the damage they cause in the event the prevention fails. Following this review, the paper presents a summary of findings that emerged from the research in the conclusion.Overview of Fire ModelingFires pose a significant threat to society and…...
mlaWorks Cited
Aumond, Aric. (2024). “What Is Fire & Egress Modeling?” Performance Based Fire Protection Engineering. Available: Bellas, Roberto, et al. “Assessment of the Fire Dynamics Simulator for Modeling Fire Suppression in Engine Rooms of Ships with Low-Pressure Water Mist.” Fire Technology, vol. 56, no. 3, May 2020, pp. 1315–52.Cablé, Axel and Brady Manescau. Critical Issues and Analysis in Fire Protection and Prevention. Nova, 2020.“Fire Modeling Programs.” 2024. National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fire Research Division. Available: https://www.nist.gov/el/fire-research-division-73300/fire-modeling-programs .Garcia, David, et al. “Using Modeling and Rehearsal to Teach Fire Safety to Children with Autism.” Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, vol. 49, no. 3, Sept. 2016, pp. 699–704.Xie, Weikang, et al. “Probabilistic Real-Time Natural Gas Jet Fire Consequence Modeling of Offshore Platforms by Hybrid Deep Learning Approach.” Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 192, July 2023, p. 115098.Yang, Jian, et al. “Comparing Effects of Fire Modeling Methods on Simulated Fire Patterns and Succession: A Case Study in the Missouri Ozarks.” Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol. 38, no. 6, June 2008, pp. 1290–302.https://www.pbfpe.com/post/what-is-fire-egress-modeling
Fire Suppression Systems
Fire results when fuel, oxidant, and sufficient heat combine in time and place (New Zealand Institute of Chemistry, n.d.). The fuel is typically a carbon-based material like paper, wood, oil, or gas, while ambient air typically provides the oxidant in the form of oxygen. Other oxidants include nitrates, chlorates, and peroxides and therefore should never be stored alongside fuel materials. For combustion to occur the heat must sufficient to ignite the fuel. Once ignited the chemical reaction is typically extremely exothermic and becomes self-perpetuating in the presence of fuel and oxidant. If heat accumulates faster than it can be dissipated to the surrounding environment an explosion will occur.
The three ways in which heat can be dissipated is through conduction along a temperature gradient, convection due to movement of the gaseous fire matter, and radiation to other surfaces (New Zealand Institute of Chemistry, n.d.). The primary method for extinguishing…...
mlaReferences
IFSTA (International Fire Service Training Association). (2009). Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement, Seventh Edition. Stillwater, OK: Fire Protection Publications.
Knowlton, B.E. (2012). The effects of using fire-fighting foams: GC-MS pattern analysis of fire debris. (Masters of Science dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest. UMI No. 1520731.
Moore, P.E. (1996). Suppressants for the control of industrial explosions. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 9(1), 119-123.
New Zealand Institute of Chemistry. (n.d.). Chemistry in fire fighting. Retrieved from http://nzic.org.nz/ChemProcesses/environment/14C.pdf .
Fire Hazards of Trusses: Sample Report
Structures often play the important role when a building is on fire. Upon many reviews, there are a lot of fires claiming for lives of the inhabitants of the building, but there are also some cases, which had taken the firefighters' lives as well. Such cases should not have happened, but limited information of the building's structures and length of fire could have caused it.
Chesapeake automobile warehouse happened to be a fatal case of fire (NFPA, 2002). The 12-year-old building was constructed under lightweight wood trusses. There were two steel frames and another brick construction located at the building. The trusses were built using the combination of wood and metal plates that joined them altogether.
On Monday morning, March 18, 1996, the repair shop operated as usual. The employees were coming along to start their first day of the week, taking up service works along the…...
mlaBibliography
A&R Truss Company. Mar 2001. Frequently Asked Questions About Roof Trusses. A&R Truss Company. November 20, 2002. http://www.artruss.com/faqroof.htm
Brannigan, Francis. Brannigan on Building Construction. Dec, 2001. Know Your Enemy #17. Firehouse.com. November 20, 2002. http://www.firehouse.com/brannigan/2001/0712.html
Federal Alliance for Safe Homes. Blueprint for Safety Glossary. 2001. Federal Alliance for Safe Homes. November 20, 2002. http://www.blueprintforsafety.org/bluepages/glossary.html .
National Fire Protection Association. 2002. Truss Collapse. NFPA Homepage. November 20, 2002. http://www.nfpa.org/Research/FireInvestigation/AlertBulletins/TrussCollapse/TrussCollapse.asp
The analysis as described William E. Koffel, P.E., FSFPE of Koffel Associates in the Fire Protection Engineering magazine article, "A Methodology to Analyze the Concept of Balanced Design," states, the fire impact can be managed by either managing the fire or managing the exposed. The fact that the diagram contains an "or" gate indicates that one need only manage the fire or manage the exposed. However, the use of the "or" gate also assumes 100% effectiveness and reliability associated with the chosen strategy, assuming that the fire safety objectives are to be achieved in all reasonably credible fire scenarios (Koffel, 2002, ¶5).
The concept evaluates all scenarios that can happen and any failures that can occur with the fire safety and prevention equipment.
Conclusion
Analysis of the fire at the Watts Bar Hydroelectric Plant and the NFPA 550, Guide to the Fire Safety Concepts Tree, indicates that the fire could have been…...
mlaReferences
Francis, G. 2003. "TVA Concludes Watts Bar Hydro Fire Investigation." Retrieved on October
5, 2010 from http://www.tva.gov/news/releases/janmar03/fire.htm
Koffel, W. 2002. "A Methodology to Analyze the Concept of Balanced Design." Fire Protection
Engineering. Retrieved on October 5, 2010 from http://www.fpemag.com/archives/article.asp?issue_id=10&i=208
hen an airplane catches on fire and jet fuel is the catalyst, the amount of time that the plane and the object around it will burn is dependent on many different factors. One of the primary factors is the amount of fuel that is still contained on the plane. For instance a jet that is taking a transatlantic flight will have more jet fuel than a regional flight. Investigators would need to know this type of information so that they can estimate how much time it might take for the fuel to burn off or the types of measures that need to be taken to extinguish the fire.
Investigations can also be effected by the presence of cabin fires. According to Improved Fire- and Smoke-Resistant Materials for Commercial Aircraft Interiors: A Proceedings, (1995) post crash Cabin fires have been extensively researched. A great deal of this research has occurred in…...
mlaWorks Cited
Aircraft Accident Investigations." Retrieved June 6, 2008 from; http://www.enotes.com/forensic-science/aircraft-accident-investigations
"Fire and Explosion Investigation." Retrieved June 6, 2008 from; http://www.scsi-inc.com/FEI.html
History and Mission. Retrieved June 6, 2008 from; http://www.ntsb.gov/Abt_NTSB/history.htm
Improved Fire- and Smoke-Resistant Materials for Commercial Aircraft Interiors: A Proceedings, (1995). Retrieved June 6, 2008 from; http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4970#toc
(The Hackensack Fire adio Communications Issue)
Although there was plenty of controversy surrounding the issue, wherein some stated that it was plain human error, and bad judgment, while some others stated that it was because of interference, or due to mechanical malfunction, the actual truth, as it was later discovered, was that the firefighters had been inadvertently transmitting their communications on a general channel, and since nobody listened to it, no one knew that they were all trapped upstairs, and therefore, no one could rescue them. Since the fact cannot be proved beyond reasonable doubt, and since not one of those firefighters in the incident came out alive, one must believe that a combination of different factors led to such grave fatalities in the firefighting department of Hackensack, in July 1, 1988, in New Jersey. (The Hackensack Fire adio Communications Issue)
eferences
Analysis report on Firefighter Fatalities. Fire Analysis and esearch Division:…...
mlaReferences
Analysis report on Firefighter Fatalities. Fire Analysis and Research Division: National Fire
Protection Association. August, 1989. Retrieved From www.everyonegoeshome.com/PDF/Fatality%2520Reports_Studies/1988%2520Report.pdf+firefighter+fatalities+in+Hackensack+in+1988&hl=en" Accessed 23 October, 2005http://www.everyonegoeshome.com/PDF/Fatality%20Reports_Studies/1988%20Report.pdf.
History of the Hackensack Fire Department. Retrieved at Accessed 23 October, 2005http://www.hackensack.org/content/49/142/229/default.aspx .
Preventing Injuries and Deaths of Fire Fighters due to Truss System Failures. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Publication. 2005. Retrieved at 23 October, 2005http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-132/#sumAccessed
Fire Alarm Systems
Every year, thousands of people die in home and commercial building fires, but far more are saved as a result of fire alarm systems that provide them with sufficient notice to evacuate the premises. In the distant past, fire alarm systems consisted of men and sometimes animals, but more recently, increasingly sophisticated systems have been developed that form an essential part of the concentric layers of building defense. To identify current trends in this field, this paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature concerning automatic fire alarm systems in general, as well as their composition and working principle in particular, including their design, basic configuration, and the types of notification devices that are typically used, as well as the detectors and emergency voice and other alarm communication systems that are currently deployed with respect to the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines for…...
mlaReferences
Fire alarm systems. (2012). Integrated Publishing. Retrieved from / celec/91.htm.http://www.tpub.com
Liston, D. (1999). Museum security and protection: A handbook for cultural heritage institutions.
New York: Routledge.
Moore, W.D. & Wilson, D.K. (2004, May). Lighting the way to fire integration. Security Management, 45(5), 91-93.
Construction Systems and Fire Behavior
The fire destruction menace is an accident that lives with the societies on a daily basis and as long as there are activities within any building, there are predispositions to fire accidents without exclusion. This comprises the domestic buildings, high commercial buildings and even the office blocks within the city. There are procedures that can be followed while putting up a building or renovating a building that will ensure there are enough measures that help in the eradication of fires or at least suppression of fires when one breaks out.
One such system is the general rule of having effective fire separation within the building which could be between one floor and another or even within the same floor. This is rarely the case since even where such systems are put in place, they are often imperfect in nature and inmost cases not existing at the attics…...
mlaReferences
CFBT-U.S., (2014). Commercial Fire: Durango, CO. Fie Behavior Case Study. Retrieved April 20, 2014 from http://www.cfbt-us.com/pdfs/cs_0002_durango_co.pdf
Frassetto R., (2012). Understanding Building Construction Types. Retrieved April 20, 2014 from http://www.firefighternation.com/article/truck-co-operations/understanding-building-construction-types
Gregory Havel, (2013). Construction Concerns: Unpredictable Fire. Retrieved April 20, 2014 from www.fireengineering.com/articles/2013/08/construction-concerns-unpredictable-fire.html
Essay Topic Examples
1.The Importance of Building Codes in Fire revention:
This essay would explore how building codes and regulations contribute to fire prevention, the evolution of such codes, and the role they play in the design and construction of fire-resistant structures. It would also discuss the effectiveness of these codes in reducing fire incidents and protecting lives.
2.Advancements in Fire Detection and Suppression Technology:
This topic would focus on the latest innovations in fire detection systems, such as smoke alarms and heat detectors, and suppression technologies, including water mist and gas-based systems. The essay could assess how these technologies have improved fire safety and prevention across various settings.
3.The Role of ublic Education in Enhancing Fire Safety:
This essay would examine the impact of educational programs and public awareness campaigns on fire prevention. It could explore the strategies used to disseminate fire safety information and how they have influenced…...
mlaPrimary Sources
NFPA. \"NFPA 1: Fire Code.\" National Fire Protection Association, current edition.
USFA. \"Fire in the United States.\" United States Fire Administration, current edition.ICC. \"International Fire Code.\" International Code Council, current edition.Drysdale, Dougal. \"An Introduction to Fire Dynamics.\" Wiley, current edition.FEMA. \"A Guide to Fire Safety Engineering.\" Federal Emergency Management Agency, current edition.
The Needs for Improved Technologies in the Operations of the United States Fire Administration for More Efficient Performances
February 25, 2019
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), is a division under the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Created on the 1st April 1979 by the US former president, Jimmy Carter and was brought under DHS in 2003. For almost four decades of its creation, FEMA has been relentlessly committed to helping people before, during, and after disasters, which are its obligations as stated in its statutory mission statement. The agency has been helping US residents to prevent and avert impending dangers, and also providing succor to some in the event of natural and human-made disasters in the country. One of the responsibilities the agency is saddled with is the prevention and management of fire incidents in the country, which is managed by the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA). In carrying out its…...
Firefighting
What factors/operations contributed to this incident?
Several factors and operations contributed to the incident resulting in a deceased and inured firefighter. The initial response was according to standard procedure, and was admirably fast and well attended by District Major 204, Engine 11, Engine 6, Emergency Medical Service EC6, and Aerial 4. The presence of a multifaceted team should have provided the diversity of services and resources needed to control the fire in a way that reduced the likelihood of unnecessary or preventable injury. Moreover, the District Major was the first on the scene and had the capacity to respond in a way consistent with leadership protocols. The District Major was correct to first interact with civilians to find out if there were people inside the dwelling.
However, there are several core elements that bear noting. One is the equipment failure on Engine 11, in which the pressure relief valve was sticking and…...
mlaReferences
Department of the Army (1971) Firefighting and rescue procedures in theaters of operations. Retrieved online: https://www.wbdg.org/ccb/ARMYCOE/COETM/tm_5_315.pdf
National Fire Protection Association (2011). NFPA 1000: STANDARD FOR FIRE SERVICE PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS ACCREDITATION AND CERTIFICATION SYSTEMS. Retrieved online: http://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/document-information-pages?mode=code&code=1000
Ontario Professional Fire Fighters (2015). Funeral protocol. Retrieved online: http://www.opffa.org/index.cfm?Section=10&pagenum=279&titles=0#.VRRqgTs4-mE
Fire prevention management refers to a field with an incredibly broad scope. It encompasses any behaviors aimed at helping reduce or prevent the risk of fire. It can apply to commercial, residential, industrial, and even natural settings. In addition to looking at fire safety technology, it also looks at human factors that can contribute to the risk of fire. Developing a good fire prevention management plan involves looking at your physical setting, the natural factors, and the human factors that can impact the risk of fire safety and dictate what types of interventions would....
Electrical utilities uphold a buildings structural integrity by providing power for essential systems such as lighting, heating, cooling, and ventilation. These systems help regulate internal temperatures and humidity levels, preventing damage from moisture and mold growth. Additionally, electrical utilities power security systems such as alarms and cameras that help deter theft and vandalism, ultimately safeguarding the buildings structure. Overall, a reliable and properly maintained electrical system is crucial for maintaining the overall safety and integrity of a building.
Sources
Introduction
Electrical utilities play a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity of a building by providing reliable and safe power to critical systems and equipment. These systems include lighting, heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), security, fire detection, and communication systems. Without a reliable and stable electrical supply, these systems would not be able to function properly, which could have disastrous consequences for the safety and well-being of occupants.
Electrical Systems and Building Integrity
Electrical systems are an essential part of any building's infrastructure. They provide power to all of the building's systems and equipment, including lighting, heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), security,....
Plumbing and electrical utilities are crucial components of a buildings overall integrity. Without a properly functioning plumbing system, a building would not have access to clean water for drinking, cooking, and sanitation, which is essential for the health and well-being of its occupants. Additionally, a malfunctioning plumbing system can lead to water damage, mold growth, and other structural issues that can compromise the integrity of the building. Similarly, electrical utilities are necessary for providing power to a building, allowing for lighting, heating, cooling, and the operation of various appliances and equipment. A properly installed and maintained electrical system is essential....
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