Family Structure Evolution in America
Family structure in the United States is definitely evolving. This fact is demonstrated by an analysis of several different aspects of the family structure as defined within the National Council on Family elations. The specific forms of evolution within the family structure studied within this paper pertain to dating, marriage, and gender roles. By conducting a literature review of articles related, respectively, to each of these facets of family, one can see that there has been a great deal of evolution in the values of the family in the U.S.

The first article reviewed for this assignment is entitled "History of dating violence and the association of with late adolescent health." This article explored the relationship between the health of young adults and adolescents and negative experiences associated with dating or romantic relationships. Health was defined in both sexual, physical and mental terms, as explicitly related to…...

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References

Bonomi, A.E., Anderson, M.L, Nemeth, J., Rivara F.P., Buettner, C. (2013). History of dating violence and the association of with late adolescent health. Biomed Central Public Health. 13: 821-833.

Dinno, A., Whiteny, C. (2013). Same sex marriage and the perceived assault on same sex marriage. PLOS One. 8(6), 1-8.

Carter, J.S., Corra, M., Carter, S.K. (2009). The interaction of race and gender: changing gender-role attitudes, 1974-2006. Social Science Quarterly. 90(1), 196-211.

At the same time, children being raised in single-parent families has doubled. Statistically, by the age of 18, over 50% of children in the U.S. are going to spend a portion of their childhood in a single-parent home. These numbers, experts say, make it crucial that we understand how the changes in the structure of the family influence many areas of children's lives, including educational outcomes (Schneider, Atteberry, & Owens, Family structure and children's educational outcomes, 2005).
And, again, the results of studies in this specific area indicate that, taking into account any other external factors, when it comes to achievement in an educational setting, children living with their own married parents do significantly better than other children. The influences that family structure and support can have are so strong they can counter the negative forces of social status or cultural background. It is established by study after study that…...

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Bibliography

James, R. (2009). Correlation between adolescent self-esteem, religiosity, and perceived family support. Retrieved March 29, 2010, from missouriwestern.edu:  http://clearinghouse.missouriwestern.edu/manuscripts/247.php 

Jeynes, W. (2002). Divorce, family structure, and the academic success of children. New York: Routledge.

McAdams, C., Foster, V., Dotson-Blake, K., & Brendel, J. (2008). Dysfunctional family structures and aggression in children: A case for school-based, systemic approaches with violent students. Retrieved March 29, 2010, from montana.edu:  http://www.jsc.montana.edu/articles/v7n9.pdf 

McCullough, M., Ashbridge, D., & Pegg, R. (1994). The effect of self-esteem, family structure, locus of control, and career goals on adolescent leadership behavior. Retrieved March 28, 2010, from findarticles.com:  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2248/is_n115_v29/ai_16423322/

Family Structure
It appears from the quotes Plutarch pulls from relevant sources such as Plato that Sparta was best known among its contemporary cities for its prowess in war, its unique governmental structure, and its tightlipped philosophizing. Plutarch himself adds to this portrait by discussing the way in which society and the family were structured within the city. In reading about the life of a preeminent lawgiver and social experimenter such as Lycurgus, it is only natural to wonder what his laws meant for the average citizens and for the life of the families within his realm. This question about the lives of the women and children of Sparta is partly answered in Plutarch's telling of the tale, though some questions remain. According to what Plutarch writes, the family in Sparta is subordinated to the good of the state, which in some ways is a burden to the children (particularly…...

Unemployment and Family Structure
The Sociological and Psychological Affective Dimensions of Unemployment on Family Structure

Human society has forces that sometimes create balances and imbalances among individuals within the society. With this premise, it can be said that some changes within the social structure may be beneficial to an individual and detrimental for the other. Indeed, one illustration of these imbalances in the society is the negative, or non-beneficial, effects of unemployment of an individual on his/her family. Although unemployment may be best viewed as an economic issue, the social and psychological effects that it brings to the individual and society makes it an essential issue to be discussed in the domains of sociology and psychology.

This paper aims to identify the relationship between unemployment and its affective nature on the family structure and posit that, there is a significant relationship between the two, wherein unemployment leads to the weakening of the family…...

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Bibliography

Briar-Lawson, K. (2001). Family-centered Policies and Practices: International Implications. NY: Columbia UP.

Casper, L. And R. King. (2004). "Changing Families, Shifting Economic Fortunes, and Meeting Basic Needs." In Work-family challenges for low-income parents and their children. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Greeff, A. And P. van der Merwe. (2003). "Coping Mechanisms of Unemployed African Men with Dependents." The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 31 [Online serial].

Nordenmark, M. (1999). "Employment Commitment and Psychological Well-being among Unemployed Men and Women." Acta Sociologica, Vol. 42, Issue 2. [Online serial]. EBSCO Item No. 2514053.

It is also important in connection with the ongoing contemporary debate about same-sex marriage and same-sex adoptive partners (Healey, 2008).
esearch Question

1. How prevalent are so-called non-traditional families (NTFs) in the U.S.

2. What problems (if any) have been associated with NTFs?

3. Are children living in NTFs benefited or harmed by their situation?

4. Are children living in NTFs better off than children living with unhappily married parents in traditional families?

Problem Statement

So-called traditional families are still considered the norm in American society and they are often represented as the model for parenthood in particular. Meanwhile, there is likely ample reason to suspect that children raised in happy single-parent (and same-sex parent) families are happier than those raised by unhappily married parents in traditional families. If that is true, the prevailing social prejudice against non-traditional family structure is entirely unjustified by any evidence.

esearch Hypotheses

1. Non-traditional families (NTFs) are now more prevalent in the…...

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References

Healey, J.F. (2008). Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class: The Sociology of Group

Conflict and Change. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge.

Henslin, J.M. (2005). Essentials of Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach. Boston:

Allyn and Bacon.

The attitude of being the "Little Emperor." Albeit, normally disappears by the time the child from the one child family begins working when an adult.
Child psychologist David Elkind Ph.D. (2009), Professor Emeritus of Child Development at Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts, asserts in the article, "The only child," that many of the currently adolescent singletons regularly presenting with a variety of social and behavioral problems (¶ 1). This social policy counters the Chinese tradition which encourages a family to have many children, especially boys. This policy, along with Chinese traditions attributes to the fact that children are deemed valuable. In turn, family members tend to overprotect and spoil the children from one-child families.

In any county, the family decision regarding how many children will be in the family may be complex. Elkind (2009) notes that in Western and other Asian countries, that the decision to have a single child often…...

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REFERENCES

Anderson, C.M., Martin, M.M. & Zhong, M. (1998). Motives for communicating with family and friends: A Chinese study. The Howard Journal of Communications. 9:109± 12 3

Chen, X. (N.d). The social impact of China's one-child policy. Harvard Asia Pacific Review.

Retrieved July 29, 2009 from  http://web.mit.edu/lipoff/www/hapr/summer03_security/CHEN.pdf 

Ching, C.C. (1982). The one-child family in China: The need for psychosocial research. Studies in Family Planning. 13(6-7):208-12. Retrieved July 28, 2009 from wpd/exec/icswppro.dll&QF0=DocNo&QI0=009581&TN=Popline&AC=QBE_QUER &R=30%25DL=1&RL=1&RF=LongRecordDisplay&DF=LongRecordDisplayhttp://db.jhuccp.org/ics-wpd/exec/icswppro.dll?BU=http://db.jhuccp.org/ics

Interestingly using that age group 7-10 years, olds also helps the reader to understand the possible severity of this type of problem. The regression models showed that there were significant associations with income, mother's aptitude, as well as home environment. In addition, the differences between single parent family structures vs. two parent were evident. The researchers indicated that they utilized a richer fuller definition of family structure however; this was not clearly identified within this paper. This is a cause for concern, as their terms are not clearly outlined in this respect allowing the reader to possibly identify them independently. This does not allow for a clear understanding of the theoretical framework. Despite the significant findings one has to consider what other factors can be considered as having a possible influence on negative childhood outcomes. The researchers examined multiple family structures and diverse theoretical approaches; if the research was…...

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We used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine the effect of various family structures on behavioral and cognitive out-comes for children aged 7 to 10. We extended previous research by using a longitudinal definition of family structure and by exploring multiple mechanisms through which family structure may affect children in 2 outcome domains. We found that family income, mother's psychological functioning, and the quality of the home environment are particularly important for children's behavior, whereas family income and mother's aptitude have notable effects on children's cognitive test scores.

Family Structure and Children's Behavioral and Cognitive Outcomes

Author(s): Marcia J. Carlson and Mary E. Corcoran Source: Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 63, No. 3 (Aug., 2001), pp. 779-792Published by: National Council on Family Relations Stable URL: .Accessed: 09/05/2011 20:30http://www.jstor.org/stable/3654649

Science/Technology on the Modern Era
Family structures and social relationships in North America have undergone significant changes in the modern era, largely because of scientific/technological advancements. Such advancements have propelled the Women's Movement, caused a transformation of youth culture, and altered dating habits. This paper explores the positive and negative impacts of scientific/technological advancements in North America, how such advancements influenced the Women's Movement, and how the Women's Movement has impacted family structures.

Positives and Negatives

In the field of information and communication technology (ICT) alone, vast advancements are seen to have had positive and negative effects on North America.

The positive effects range from time saving devices that allow users to transmit information to anywhere from anywhere with an efficiency heretofore unthinkable. "Compared to sending letters, email is cheaper and faster" (Thunder02, 2009), while information sharing has essentially effected borderless communication. Advancements in ICT have also allowed for the possibility of a…...

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Reference List

Bennhold, K. (2009). Science: The last frontier for women's movement. Deccan Herald. Retrieved from  http://www.deccanherald.com/content/57189/science-last-frontier-womens-movement.htmlWho%20do%20you%20want%20to%20contact ?

Giele, J. (n.d.). Women's Movement Impact. Brandeis University. Retrieved from  http://puhsd.k12.ca.us/chana/staffpages/eichman/Adult_School/us/spring/domestic_policy/2/impact.htm 

Jones, E.M. (2009). Is Notre Dame Still Catholic? South Bend, IN: Fidelity Press.

Mintz, S. (2011). The Modern Family. Digital History. Retrieved from http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/modernfamily.cfm

Socioeconomic Status, Family Structure, and Parental Involvement: The Correlates of Achievement
Eagle, Eva

Do class/socioeconomic status, the attention of a parent, the working patterns of the mother, and familial structure have any impact on a student's academic performance? This particular study seeks to, specifically, describe "the relationship between educational attainment and the components of the SES index as used in the National Longitudinal Surveys conducted by the National Center for Educational Statistics." The 1980 High School and Beyond senior cohort was utilized in the undertaking of this study, with more than fifty eight thousand high school seniors and sophomores (1980) being used as the nationally representative sample. The survey of the samples took place in years 1980, 1982, 1984, as well as 1986.

The research made use of correlational research design. As Privitera (2013, p. 215) points out, correlational research design seeks to "use data to determine if two or more factors are…...

It shows the selfishness of Dewey Dell, who is only concerned about her pregnancy and gives other family members little thought. It shows the long-suffering, to the point of self-immolation, of Cash. It shows the rivalry of Darl and Jewel, both vying for their dead mother's affection. And it shows the innocent simplicity, bordering on mental instability, of the young Vardaman. Each of these family members was affected in different ways by this destructive family dynamic.
Anse, in one of the most telling passages in the book regarding his relationship to the family, goes down the list of family members and whines about how each has cost him money in some way, further complaining that he has to work, when he does so, even though he doesn't have any teeth (35-37). Wadlington argues that because the story is set in the south and Anse is the "master" of the house,…...

"While biological and psychological factors hold their own merit when explaining crime and delinquency, perhaps social factors can best explain juvenile delinquency" which "is a massive and growing problem in America." (http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/english/courses/en205d/student7/stud7proj2.html)
eference:

Doggett, a. "Juvenile Delinquency and Family Structure" http://facstaff.elon.edu/ajones5/Anika's%20paper.htm

Goode: 1994, 1997, 2001, 2005; and Pfohl, Images of Deviance and Social Control, 1985.

Social Disorganization at the micro level:

Control Theories: Why most don't deviate?"

Owner: obert O. Keel. Last Updated: Monday, October 3, 2005. http://www.umsl.edu/~keelr/200/socdisor.html

Miller, a.(2005) Every Smack is a Humiliation-- a Manifesto

http://eqi.org/amiller.htm

Ormrod, J.E. (1999). Human learning (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle iver, NJ: Prentice-Hall. "Social Learning Theory" http://teachnet.edb.utexas.edu/~lynda_abbott/Social.html

Schegel, K.(1998) Lecture Notes. http://www.indiana.edu/~theory/Kip/Control.htm

Juvenile Delinquency.Family Structure" http://family.jrank.org/pages/1006/Juvenile-Delinquency-Family-Structure.html

Causal Theories of Juvenile Delinquency: Social Perspectives" http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/english/courses/en205d/student7/stud7proj2.html

Control Theory 2" http://www.homestead.com/rouncefield/files/a_soc_dev_6.htm...

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Reference:

Doggett, a. "Juvenile Delinquency and Family Structure"  http://facstaff.elon.edu/ajones5/Anika 's%20paper.htm

Goode: 1994, 1997, 2001, 2005; and Pfohl, Images of Deviance and Social Control, 1985.

Social Disorganization at the micro level:

Control Theories: Why most don't deviate?"

As one commentator notes; "What this adds up to is, in my view, a significant shift in the balance of work and family life. oles are changing, the nature of care is changing, and the stress related to juggling the balance is increasing (Edgar, 1997, p. 149)
A number of statistics also help to outline the nature of the family structure in a developed economy like Australia. In terms of workforce participation, the figures are as follows: "….86% for fathers and 56% for mothers in two-parent families, and 65% for male and 43% for female sole parents"(Edgar, 1997, p.151). This is also indicative of a shift in the role of the female as solely a homemaker. "In 1993, 53% of couples with dependent children were both employed & #8230;" (Edgar, 1997, p. 151). Therefore, there are still imbalances and disparities in terms of the family structure and this is a…...

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References

Anderson, G.L. (Ed.). (1997). The Family in Global Transition. St. Paul, MN: Professors

World Peace Academy. Retrieved October 1, 2009, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=59215755 

Baile, S. (1990). Women and Health in Developing Countries. OECD Observer, a (161),

18-20. Retrieved October 1, 2009, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98938035

It is expected that an initial
investment of $400,000 will be needed in order to effectively establish the Center. In addition, the Center will require a maintenance cost of $50,000 per month.

5. Budget and Strategy

Strategy 1: Arranging meetings with community leaders

This strategy ensures that the community at large will accept FAC in its capacity as an establishment to provide help and counseling within the existing cultural, religious, and educational paradigms. Public trust is important for the success of the Center. Specifically, this strategy includes arranging meetings times, venues and refreshments. This is estimated at a budget for about $5,000 per meeting. This strategy will also include the possibility of securing the services of a cultural consultant; preferably also a person with some standing in the community. The budget for this is estimated at an initial fee of about $3,000, which will repeat monthly for as long as the consultant's services…...

d., pg. 67). Thus, the definition of the British family is almost wholly contained within a woman's decision. Women who have children and enter the workforce create new trends in British family life, such as the fact that children are cared for primarily by professionals working in the home, at nursery schools, or grandparents (Kathleen, n.d., "Family Life," 2009). The redefining of family relationships to give equality to both the husband and wife and the problem of finding childcare while both parents work is a result of women's entry into the workforce and modern conceptions of family life.
While these characteristics apply to the primary types of families in the United Kingdom, it is important to recognize that this state is diverse in terms of ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, religion, etc. Cloud (2008) discusses the difficulties in conducting research for one often not-discussed portion of society -- homosexuals. Cloud (2008) writes…...

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References

Cline, A. (2009). Sudan: Women and Family. Retrieved July, 18, 2009, from http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/islam/countries/bl_SudanWomen.htm

Cloud, J. (2008, January 17). Are Gay Relationships Different? Retrieved July 18, 2009,

from  http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1704660-2,00.html 

"Family Life in the United States and United Kingdom." Retrieved July 18, 2009, from  http://articles.famouswhy.com/family_life_in_united_states_and_united_kingdom

Family to Family
Pipes, Jerry & Victor Lee. (1999). Family to family. Alpharetta: North American Mission Board,

The Christian-focused psychology text Family to family offers family counseling with a spiritual orientation. The book is designed to address the difficulties many modern families face, including competing schedules, generational clashes, and having a sense of strong moral values in a secular society. Spending time together in a spiritual fashion can give families an oasis of stability in a fast-paced, increasingly impersonal world (Pipes & Lee 1999: 11). Creating a sense of community within the church and creating a community between members of the family are the essential building-blocks of the author's stated goal to save the modern family.

Family members must learn to establish more meaningful relationships with one another and with God -- rather than just focusing on themselves or blaming others. The authors wrote their book to address a common concern of both…...

Topic 1: The Evolution of Welfare Policy in the United States

Trace the historical development of welfare programs in the US, from their origins to modern iterations.
Analyze the shifting ideologies and social attitudes that have influenced welfare policy over time.
Examine the impact of political and economic factors on welfare reform efforts.

Topic 2: The Efficacy of Welfare Programs

Evaluate the effectiveness of welfare programs in reducing poverty and improving the well-being of recipients.
Analyze the trade-offs between providing assistance and promoting self-sufficiency.
Examine the role of welfare programs in promoting economic growth and social mobility.

Topic 3: The Social Stigma....

I. Introduction
A. Definition of family structure
B. Importance of understanding family development
C. Thesis statement

II. Types of family structures
A. Nuclear family
B. Extended family
C. Blended family
D. Single-parent family
E. Same-sex family

III. Factors influencing family development
A. Socioeconomic status
B. Cultural background
C. Parental involvement
D. Communication
E. Conflict resolution

IV. Stages of family development
A. Formation stage
B. Child-rearing stage
C. Teenage stage
D. Empty nest stage
E. Retirement stage

V. Challenges in family development
A. Divorce
B. Substance abuse
C. Mental health issues
D. Financial problems
E. Communication breakdown

VI. Communication strategies for....

I. Introduction
A. Thesis statement: Define family structure and development and provide a brief overview of its importance.
B. Background information: Discuss the historical evolution of family structures and the factors influencing their development.

II. Types of Family Structures
A. Nuclear family: Characteristics, advantages, and challenges.
B. Extended family: In-depth analysis of kinship networks, living arrangements, and the role of grandparents.
C. Blended family: Formation, dynamics, and the unique challenges faced by stepfamilies.
D. Single-parent family: Prevalence, causes, parenting strategies, and the well-being of children.

III. Stages of Family Development
A. Honeymoon stage: Romantic attachment, adjustment to marriage, and starting a family.
....

Yes, there are several essay topics that could present opposing viewpoints on the topic of two-parent households. Some potential essay topics could include:

1. The benefits and drawbacks of two-parent households compared to single-parent households.
2. The impact of two-parent households on children's academic achievement and social development.
3. The role of gender dynamics in two-parent households and how it affects family dynamics.
4. The financial implications of two-parent households compared to single-parent households.
5. The importance of having both parents present in a child's life and whether two-parent households are necessary for a child's well-being.
6. The cultural and societal norms surrounding two-parent households and....