Licensing
As a family nurse practitioner, I would expect work in a type of organization such as a doctor's office. There are several factors that have led me to consider this highly distinct possibility, not the least of which is the increasing trend for family nurse practitioners to provide primary care to patients. The provisioning of such care, of course, is usually conducted under the auspices of a formally trained physician. However, there are several recent developments that may contribute to nurse practitioners working with patients in a primary care role even without direct supervision of physicians. egardless, it is highly likely that I will find work as a family nurse practitioner in a formal doctor's office, either small or big.

There has been a projected shortage for qualified health care professionals for quite some time now. The factors that have contributed to this shortage include the fact that there have been…...

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References

Britt, D. (2012). Family nurse practitioner's role in primary care. www.southuniversity.edu. Retrieved from http://source.southuniversity.edu/family-nurse-practitioners-role-in-primary-care-110820.aspx

CMR Board of Registration in Nursing (1994). Registered nurse and licensed practical nurse. www.massnurses.org. Retrieved from  http://www.massnurses.org/files/file/Legislation-and-Politics/np_act.pdf 

Hamric, A.B., Spross, J.A., & Hanson, C.M. (2009). Advanced Practice Nursing: an Integrative Approach (4 ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders Publishing.

adult life, I have been immersed in the healthcare professions. Working in several different sectors of healthcare has afforded me the opportunity to understand different models of patient care, different administrative systems and organizational cultures, and also different philosophies and theories of nursing. After many years of working in the emergency care sector including work as an emergency room paramedic and ambulance worker for ten years, I transitioned to working in a position of leadership in my organization. As Director of Nursing, I have grown tremendously both professionally and personally. I have also witnessed transformations in care delivery as evidence-based practice and new medical information systems have been increasingly normative in healthcare. Although I love my work, my career has never once stagnated and I aim to continue to develop myself through ongoing professional advancement. The natural next step for me is to become a family nursing practitioner, which…...

Nurse Practitioner has evolved throughout the decades. It is one that continues to change as health care further develops into a continuum of patient care and continuous educational access. The Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) has become synonymous with that of a primary care physician. In all 50 states, including the District of Columbia, and around the globe, FNPs are being used to fill the growing gap that medical doctors are leaving behind. FNPs are able to assess, diagnose, and treat acute and chronic illnesses, conduct routine patient check-ups and annual physical examinations, provide counseling, prescribe and order medications and labs, and manage a patient's overall care (AANP, 2015). Numerous states allow FNPs to practice autonomously, while others require supervision or collaboration with a medical physician in order to legally practice for a specific amount of time.
There are clinical and non-clinical ways in which the Family Nurse Practitioner role comes…...

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Bibliography

Golden, A., & Blackwelder, R. (2013). Should Nurse Practitioners Be Able to Treat Patients Without Physician Oversight? The Wall Street Journal

Naylor, M., & Kurtzman, E. (2010). The Role Of Nurse Practitioners In Reinventing Primary Care. Health Affairs, 29(5), 893-899.

Savrin, C. (2009). Growth And Development Of The Nurse Practitioner Role Around The Globe. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 23(5), 310-314.

Advance Practice egistered Nurse (APN) role of Family Nurse Practitioner
The US is witnessing a growing demand for the services of primary care providers, owing to an increase in the nation's elderly population. With Obamacare's enactment in the year 2010, the above trend is predicted to persist in the course of the next many years. FNPs or Family Nurse Practitioners can help mitigate the forecasted dearth of primary care providers. Available literature on the subjects indicates that FNPs might be capable of delivering a subsection of services categorized under primary care better than, or at least, just as proficiently as, doctors. Increased NP employment can improve healthcare access, especially in generally underserved localities and communities. For furthering this, APN stakeholder bodies and state nursing boards have endeavored to revolutionize and standardize FNP practice (National Governors Association, 2012).

APN represents a broad term utilized for defining nursing practice which exhibits competencies that transcend…...

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References

Sangster-Gormley, E., Martin-Misener, R., & Burge, F. (2013). A case study of nurse practitioner role implementation in primary care: what happens when new roles are introduced? BMC nursing, 12(1), 1.

National Governors Association. (2012). The role of nurse practitioners in meeting increasing demand for primary care. Washington: National Governors Association.

Wessel, L. A. (2012). Nurse practitioners in community health settings today. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, 16(1), 1-6.

Britt, D. (2012). Family nurse practitioner's role in primary care. Retrieved February 3, 2017, from http://source.southuniversity.edu/family-nurse-practitioners-role-in-primary-care-110820.aspx

Family Nurse Practitioner Certification in CaliforniaFamily Nurse Practitioners (FNPs) are vital in providing primary healthcare services across the United States. To become a certified and licensed FNP, individuals must navigate a complex process involving certification exams, licensure applications, practice agreements, and adherence to state-specific regulations. This post delves into the certification and licensure requirements for FNPs in California.In California, FNPs function within a standardized procedure framework that delineates the extent of medical services they are qualified to administer, a framework that is intricately tailored to their nursing education and training (California Board of Registered Nursing, 2022). What sets California apart is its departure from the conventional requirement of collaborative agreements between FNPs and physicians or the necessity for continuous supervision. Instead, the state emphasizes the significance of collaborative practices among healthcare providers to guarantee optimal and comprehensive patient care. This approach not only underscores the expertise and autonomous decision-making abilities…...

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References

California Association for Nurse Practitioners. (2022). Protecting Your Practice, One Legislative Policy at a Time. The California Association for Nurse Practitioners.  https://canpweb.org/advocacy/ 

California Board of Registered Nursing. (2022). Advanced Practice and Public Health Nurse Certification. California Department of Consumer Affairs.  https://www.rn.ca.gov/applicants/ad-pract.shtml#np 

Spetz, J., Chapman, S., Tierney, M., Phoenix, B., & Hailer, L. (2021). Barriers and facilitators of advanced practice registered nurse participation in medication treatment for opioid use disorder: A mixed methods study. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 12(2), 5-22.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S2155-8256(21)00052-1

Family Nursing Practitioner Application Justification
The quest to become a nurse, that was finally realized when I became a registered nurse, was prompted by the need to work among the very underprivileged of the community in the poorest areas and vulnerable conditions. Having been a N, there are vast experiences that I have undergone, not only in the technical aspect of learning the prognosis and prescription but also further experiencing first hand the social needs of nursing and the existing gaps at the homestead levels. Combining the expertise and the human face to nosing will enable me to positively contribute in to improvement of the health status of both the American citizens who are extremely poor and the foreign missions that will be the next quest, particularly to Africa or Asia. This way the training I have undergone will not be confined to the codified nursing tenets and bedside care only…...

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References

Nevidjon, B., (2012). The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. The Nursing Shortage: Solutions for the Short- and Long-Term. Retrieved September 10, 2013 from  http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ThePracticeofProfessionalNursing/workforce/NursingShortage/Resources/NursingShortageSolutions.html

Nurse Practitioner Professional Career PlannerCover Letter:[Name][Address]Some City, Some State 92802(555) [email protected][Current Date]Dear Hiring Manager:I am writing to express my strong interest in the Family Nurse Practitioner position currently available at your facility. As a nursing student completing my MSN degree and portfolio, I am confident that my skills and experience make me an excellent candidate for this position.As you will note from the enclosed resume, I have over 10 years of experience as a egistered Nurse in settings ranging from medical-surgical care to critical care. In these roles, I have honed my clinical skills in patient assessment, diagnoses, developing care plans, and collaborating with the healthcare team. I am ACLS, PALS, and BLS certified. As a nurse, I take pride in providing compassionate, patient-centered care and being a supportive team member.Currently, I am completing my MSN degree, which will allow me to practice as an advanced practice nurse. With this…...

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ReferencesAvailable immediately upon requestPortfolioPersonal Philosophy StatementAs a nurse completing my MSN degree to become a Family Nurse Practitioner, I am deeply committed to providing patient-centered, holistic care to all individuals and communities. My personal philosophy is founded on the values of compassion, integrity, and a dedication to lifelong learning.My personal philosophy also means I believe in treating every patient with dignity, respect, and equality regardless of age, gender, culture, or background. Effective care requires understanding the whole person, not just their symptoms. I pledge to actively listen to patients’ perspectives, concerns, and goals to gain insight into their health needs and take action when and where necessary based on this feedback.My approach draws on evidence-based principles to promote wellbeing through education, preventative care, and supportive therapies. I aim to empower patients with the knowledge and tools to take charge of their health. As an advocate, I will work to ensure access to care.As a nurse and caring human being, I commit myself to continued learning and excellence. I will stay curious, adapt to new healthcare challenges, and strive to make a positive difference in my community. The trust patients place in me is sacred. In sum, I have made a lifelong commitment to provide honest, patient-centered care with empathy, directed by an overarching dedication in my professional practice. By living my values of integrity and compassion, I intend to bring fresh light, healing, and humanity into the lives I touch.Personal GoalsShort-Term Goals:· Complete MSN degree and portfolio within the next 6 months· Pass board certification exam to become licensed as a Family Nurse Practitioner within the next 3 months· Secure a full-time Nurse Practitioner position at a family medical clinic within the next 3-6 months· Expand knowledge and skills in evidence-based chronic disease management over the next year· Attend 2 continuing education conferences on primary care best practices within the next year· Improve Spanish speaking skills through night classes in the next 4 months· Develop a self-care plan to manage work-life balance and prevent burnout over the next 3 months· Create a 5-year professional development plan within the next 2 months· Improve electronic medical records skills and proficiency within the next 6-8 months· Establish networking contacts with 5 nurse practitioner colleagues over the next yearThese short-term goals focus on completing education requirements, gaining licensure, securing NP employment, expanding clinical knowledge, engaging in ongoing learning, improving language skills, promoting wellness, and networking. Setting actionable short-term targets will help build momentum towards long-term career development as noted below.Long-Term Goals:· Obtain 5+ years of experience practicing as a Family Nurse Practitioner across diverse patient populations and care settings within 10 years· Earn a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree within the next 5-7 years to advance expertise· Obtain additional nurse practitioner specialization certification in oncology, pediatrics, or mental health by 2030· Publish nursing research in peer-reviewed journals and contribute to evidence-based practice· Present at major nursing conferences on topics like cultural competency, chronic disease, and patient advocacy within 10 years· Take on leadership roles within nurse practitioner professional associations by 2030· Volunteer medical services domestically and abroad to underserved communities each year· Develop and teach a course as clinical nursing faculty at a college nursing program within 8 years· Start a nonprofit clinic to serve low-income families and minorities within the next decade· Mentor aspiring nurses and nurse practitioners throughout my careerThe above long-term goals focus on gaining comprehensive NP experience, advancing education, enhancing specializations, contributing research, taking on leadership/teaching roles, volunteering services, and mentoring others in the field. Setting ambitious long-term targets provides direction for ongoing professional development.Self-AssessmentIt has been my experience that nursing is both an art and a science that varies across specialties - I have experienced this firsthand while working in diverse settings like telemetry, ICU, PCU, and IMCU over my 10+ year career. Though I found all these environments rewarding, I most enjoy caring for patients with chronic and acute conditions. This passion led me to pursue my MSN degree and train as a Family Nurse Practitioner able to provide primary care across the lifespan.The MSN program has expanded my skills in differential diagnosis, developing holistic care plans, and employing evidence-based interventions. My advanced coursework and clinical hours have honed my assessment capabilities and critical thinking needed to effectively treat complex patient cases. Collaborating with expert preceptors has grown my confidence in areas like examination, diagnosis, medication administration, and record-keeping.In addition to advancing my clinical acumen, my MSN studies have fostered valuable research competencies regarding current issues in nursing practice and policy. Applying research to guide patient care is crucial for quality outcomes. My background as both a bedside nurse and clinical administrator have shown me how evidence-based practice improves safety and satisfaction across diverse settings.As I complete my MSN degree and portfolio, I feel equipped to transition into Family Nurse Practitioner roles thanks to the blend of advanced clinical skills and leadership experience I possess. I look forward to continuously learning, providing compassionate care, and making positive impacts through practice and research. I am ready to assume greater responsibilities and autonomy in delivering high-quality, patient-centered, evidence-based primary care.References (Sources Consulted)Chamblee, T. B., Dale, J. C., Drews, B., Spahis, J., & Hardin, T. (2015). Implementation of a professional portfolio: A tool to demonstrate professional development for advanced practice. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 29(1), 113–117.Clarke, M. (2019). The importance of a professional nursing portfolio. HealthLeaders.   Letter Advice (n.d.). Nurse practitioner cover letter sample 1. http://www.coverletter.us/nurse-practitioner-cover-letter/DeCapua, M. (2019). A nurse practitioner’s guide to the perfect cover letter. Health eCareers.  https://www.healthecareers.com/article/healthcare-news/np-cover-letter Edwards, S. (2023, March 2). Why pursuing an MSN is the next step in your nursing career. Eye: Journalism that Serves.  https://racinecountyeye.com/2023/03/02/msn-the-next-step-in-nursing-career/ Hicks, R. W., & Roberts, M. E. E. (2016). Curriculum vitae: An important tool for the nurse practitioner. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 28(7), 347–352.Gibson, A. (n.d.). Nurse.org career guide series: Ultimate guide to nursing resumes. Nurse.org.  https://nurse.org/resources/nursing-resume/ Morris, G. (2023, March 23). Nine future trends for nurse practitioners. NurseJournal.  https://nursejournal.org/articles/future-job-trends-for-nurse-practitioners/ Nurse Practitioner Business Owner. (n.d.). This is why you want to create your professional portfolio today!  https://npbusiness.org/professional-portfolio/ Walden University Career Services. (n.d.). Resumes & more.  https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/careerservicescenter/resumesandmorehttps://www.healthleadersmedia.com/nursing/importance-professional-nursing-portfolio Cover

Nurse Practitioner Employment ContractPart 1The Ideal Work EnvironmentAs a Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) in California, I believe the foundation of an ideal work environment lies in patient-centered care. My goal is to have a setting that supports a collaborative atmosphere, where physicians, other nurse practitioners, nurses, and ancillary staff work together to provide comprehensive care that is tailored to each patients needs.I also believe that the ideal work environment is one that has integrated advanced technology. This includes access to the latest medical equipment and electronic health record (EH) systems to streamline patient care and documentation. The facility itself should be well-maintained, adhering to the highest standards of cleanliness and safety. An ideal setting would also ensure a reasonable patient load, allowing the FNP to conduct thorough assessments, diagnoses, and treatments without feeling rushed. Lastly, supportive management that understands the unique role of FNPs and promotes work-life balance is a…...

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ReferencesBeuken, J. A., Verstegen, D. M., Dolmans, D. H., Van Kersbergen, L., Losfeld, X., Sopka, S., ... & Bouwmans, M. E. (2020). Going the extra mile—cross-border patient handover in a European border region: qualitative study of healthcare professionals’ perspectives. BMJ quality & safety, 29(12), 980-987.Faraz, A., & Salsberg, E. (2019). From education to practice: What we can learn about the workforce from a survey of new nurse practitioners. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 31(8), 454-461.Pursio, K., Kankkunen, P., Sanner?Stiehr, E., & Kvist, T. (2021). Professional autonomy in nursing: An integrative review. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(6), 1565-1577.Ronquillo, C. E., Peltonen, L. M., Pruinelli, L., Chu, C. H., Bakken, S., Beduschi, A., ... & Topaz, M. (2021). Artificial intelligence in nursing: Priorities and opportunities from an international invitational think?tank of the Nursing and Artificial Intelligence Leadership Collaborative. Journal of advanced nursing, 77(9), 3707-3717.Sipos, D., Kunstár, O., Kovács, A., & Csima, M. P. (2023). Burnout among oncologists, nurses, and radiographers working in oncology patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Radiography, 29(3), 503-508.Thi Nguyen, V. A., Könings, K. D., Scherpbier, A. J., & van Merriënboer, J. J. (2021). Attracting and retaining physicians in less attractive specialties: the role of continuing medical education. Human resources for health, 19(1), 1-11.Weiland, S. A. (2015). Understanding nurse practitioner autonomy. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 27(2), 95-104.

NP "role" definition
A nurse practitioner is any independent certified nursing care provider who offers primary, specialty, or both primary and specialty, nursing services in long-term, ambulatory and acute care settings. NPs are engaged in the chronic or acute episodic ailment assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and management. They are specialists in the areas of illness prevention and health promotion, and perform the tasks of ordering, performing, overseeing and interpreting lab and diagnostic tests, prescribing non-pharmacologic treatment and pharmacological mediators, and educating and advising their patients (American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 2015).

History of the Nurse Practitioner Role, in General

The demand for individuals providing primary care in the nation grew with the launch of the Medicaid and Medicare initiatives, developed after the enactment of the 1965 Social Security Amendments. The two initiatives ensured low-income kids, women, aged persons, and disabled individuals could now access healthcare. Thus, with the enhanced need for healthcare providers in…...

Advance Practice oles in Nursing
The Main oles Within Advanced Practice Nursing

Nurse Practitioners

They are charged with the responsibility to provide primary health care for clinics, hospitals and similar settings. They diagnose and treat common illnesses and immunize, examine the patients and deal with high blood pressure cases among others (Macdonald, Schreiber & Davis, 2005).

Certified Nurse-Midwives: They are the ones that give gynecological care and prenatal attention to the normal women with little or no health complications. They assist the women deliver in a range of places including hospitals, homes, clinics and health centers. They also give postpartum care (Macdonald et al., 2005).

Clinical Nurse Specialists: They are the ones involved in specialty areas such as neonatal, oncology, cardiac, pediatric, gynecological nursing or obstetric service (Macdonald et al., 2005).

Certified egistered Nurse Anesthetists: They provide and administer over 65% of all anesthesia administered to patients every year. They are also the only ones who…...

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References

Federal Register, (n.d.). The Constitutional Amendment Process, National Archives. Retrieved from   on August 30, 2016https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/constitution/ 

Graduatenursingedu.org, (n.d.). Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP). Retrieved from   on August 30, 2016http://www.graduatenursingedu.org/family-nurse-practitioner/ 

Huston C. (2008) Preparing nurse leaders for 2020. Journal of Nursing Management 16, 905 -- 911

Jennings, B.M. (2008). "Work Stress and Burnout Among Nurses: Role of the Work Environment and Working Conditions." In: Hughes, R.G. (editor). Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (U.S.).

Manuscript Discussion
The Grade Experience of Online Nurse Practitioner Students Who Took More Than One Clinical Course Per Quarter

The shortage in primary care physicians has increased the demand for nurse practitioners (NPs). Online NP programs are of interest to working students with other personal and professional life demands. This study examines grade experience differences for students of an online NP program who took more than one clinical course per quarter (OCCPQ) as compared to those who did not take more than OCCPQ. This retrospective study consisted of 3,760 NP students who graduated between fall 2013 through spring 2016. Those who took more than OCCPQ had a greater percentage of clinical course failures at first attempt as compared to those who did not take more than OCCPQ (2.1% versus 0.8%, p=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression adjusting for relevant covariates maintained these results with increased odds for clinical course failures for those who took…...

Family Nurse Practitioner
The expansion of healthcare coverage through the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is expected to create an enormous increase in the number of people seeking medical treatment and healthcare. A number of demographic issues exacerbate the situation: An aging population requiring more extensive treatment and care, a rising national population, and a shortage of primary care physicians (Iglehart, 2013). The shortage of primary care physicians is one of the most crucial for national medical care because of two substantive dynamics: 1) The number of graduates from medical school who plan to enter careers as primary career physicians is currently estimated at 25%; and 2) the care that advanced practice registered nurses (APN) can provide is constrained by the current scope-of-practice laws on the books in any states (Iglehart, 2013).

An enduring tension exists between the American Medical Association and nursing advocates regarding the scope of practice that should be permitted…...

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References

Iglehart, J.K. (2013, May). Expanding the role of advanced nurse practitioners: Risks and rewards: Health policy report. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(20), 1935-1941.

National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) (2002). Family nurse practitioner primary care competencies in specialty areas: Adult, family, gerontological, pediatric, and women's health. Pp. 21-24. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Professions, Division of Nursing. Retrieved from http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nonpf.org/resource/resmgr/competencies/primarycarecomps02.pdf

Naylor, M.D. And Kurtzman, E.T. (2010, May). The role of nurse practitioners in reinventing primary care. Health Affairs, 29(5), 893-899. DOI: 10.1377/hithaff.2010.0440.

Savrin, C. (2008). Growth and development of the nurse practitioner role around the globe. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 23(5), 310-314. DOI: 10.10.1016/j.pedhc.2008.10.005.

Nursing Case Study
Family nursing diagnosis is a holistic process that involves a thorough and complete family assessment to establish both curative and preventive concerns in a given family. The assessment from the participating family established a number of diagnostic issues. One of the family members suffers from obesity. D.K. who is ten years old and in second grade took two years to complete first grade. Obesity is a condition whereby the Body Mass Index (BM1) is over 30kg/m2. This is because of excess fat accumulation in a person's body. The Body Mass Index BM1, is the measure for obesity, and it is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by his/her height in square meters.

Obesity may be associated with the several of medical conditions like heart attack, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis and some types of cancer (Domino, 2007). Major causes of obesity are lack of physical exercises and poor…...

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References

Domino, Frank J, (2007). 5-Minute Clinical Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Karch. A.M. (2007). Lippincott's Nursing Drug Guide. Philadelphia: New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Katz, David L.; Friedman, Rachel S.C. (2008). Nutrition in Clinical Practice: A Comprehensive, Evidence-Based Manual for the Practitioner. 2nd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Nurse Practitioners Providing the Full Spectrum of Health Care Services
As the National Organizatoin of Nurse Practitioner Faculty (NONPF, 2013) competencies indicate, full spectrum of health care services should include health promotion, disease prevention, health protection, anticipatory guidance, counseling, disease management, palliative care and end of life care. This is a standard that is vital to primary care nursing because patients expect and have a need to obtain each of these services, as they are all part of quality care.

As the study by Flanagan-Kaminsky (2013) points out, end of life care is something that more and more patients in the Veterans Affairs Hospice program and looking to receive (p. 69). This is just one example of the type of quality care that patients and their families expect from nurse practitioners and health care providers. Counseling is another aspect of this type of care and is included in the study as an…...

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References

Flanagan-Kaminsky, D. (2013). Intentional Anticipatory Mourning, Caregiver and Bereavement Support Program for Terminally Ill Veterans, Their Families & Caregivers in the VA Contract Home Hospice Program. Omega, 67(1-2): 69-77.

Manheim, C., Haverhals, L., Jones, J., Levy, C. (2016). Allowing family to be family:

end-of-life care in Veterans Affairs Medical Foster Homes. Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life & Paliative Care, 12(1-2).

Matthews, A. (2014). Care of military service members, veterans, and their families.

Narrative AnalysisThis paper is designed to provide a narrative analysis of the Family Nurse Practitioner program and how I have adapted the program outcomes to my professional expertise within the field of healthcare. This paper will also identify how these objectives were reached by providing evidence from my graduate experiences. In addition, this narrative analysis will provide insights as to how I met these objections and how these program outcomes have improved my expertise as a nurse. Emphasis will be placed on program outcomes and how they align with those of the American Association of Colleges of Nurses along with the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties Core Competencies. Finally, the narrative analysis will conclude with an explanation of how each of these elements coalesce together to provide a complete and comprehensive learning experience.FNP Program OutcomesTo begin, the program outcomes looks to prepare nurses will high-quality, comprehensive, and patient-centered learning…...

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References 1. Adams, A., Hall, M., & Fulghum, J. (2014). Utilizing the health belief model to assess vaccine acceptance of patients on hemodialysis. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 41(4), 393-407 2. McGonigle, D. & Mastrian, K. (2018). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett.3. Ronquillo, C., Currie, L.M., & Rodney, P. (2016). The evolution of data-information-knowledgewisdom in nursing informatics. Advances in Nursing Science, 39(1), E1-E18. Retrieved from   WebLinkFrameset=1&S=OPNPFPCCHBDDGGGMNCEKLCGMHB00&pdf_index=/fs 046/ovft/live/gv023/000122722/000122722-201601000-00010.4. The National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF). (2017). Nurse practitioner core competencies content. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.nonpf.org/resource/resmgr/competencies/20170516_NPCor eCompsContentF.pdf.5. https://ovidsp-tx-ovid-com.chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/sp3.31.lb/ovidweb.cgi?