Fakes & Forgery in Classical Literature
Epic Fake? Forgery, Fraud, and the Birth of Philology

A set of epigrams in the Planudean Appendix to the Greek Anthology record the trope that even in antiquity seven different cities contended for the right to be considered the birthplace of Homer. Several are clearly inscriptions, no bigger than a couplet:

nn? p-lei? m-rnanto sof-n di? r-zan Om-ro?

Grk.Anth.XVI

The more flowery elaboration upon this lapidary couplet at 296 is attributed to Antipater of Sidon, and approaches a more modern conception of the epigram by making a vatic sort of claim on his own behalf in order to assert Homer's own divinity:

Grk.Anth.XVI

Others, like 293, try to resolve the questions about Homer's identity by ascribing authorship of the poems to Zeus himself. The overall effect is uncanny -- to realize that the nexus of ideas relating antiquity to uncertainty, to fraudulent claims and rumor elevated to the status of fact,…...

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References

Aulus Gellius. Noctes Atticae I. Edited with an English translation by J.C. Rolfe. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1927. Print.

Ausonius. Cento Nuptialis. In Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Ausonius I. With an English Translation. Cambrige, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, London: William Heinemann Ltd.;1919. Print.

Batrachomyomachia. In Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, With an English Translation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, London: Wiliam Heinemann Ltd.; 1954. Print.

Bentley, Richard. A Dissertation on the Epistles of Phalaris. London: Bowyer and Nichols, 1777. Print.

Counterfeit Clothing Industry in China
This paper presents a detailed examination of the counterfeit clothing industry in China. The writer explores several aspects of the industry in China and its counterfeit apparel and jewelry aspects. The writer discusses why the industry seems to succeed in China as well as how it works. The writer also uses several social theory examples in the exploration of the topic. There were 12 sources used to complete this paper.

As the world continues to globalize its residents are seeing more of other cultures and how they operate. In addition to the globalization process the technological boom of the last few decades has taken mankind where it never dreamed it could go. Today with the click of a mouse one can manage stocks, plan travel and buy tickets, chat with others from other cultures and shop around the world. The ability to shop around the world has…...

Faking Orgasm: Why Women Should Be True to Themselves and Their Partner
Why would any person, male or female, fake an orgasm? Throughout history, women have reported faking orgasms much more frequently than men. The reasons are varied, and include the desire to please their mate, self-consciousness at actually achieving orgasm, and the lack of knowledge related to how their "plumbing" works. Most individuals have likely "faked" an orgasm at least once in their life.

History of Women Faking Orgasm: According to an article by Laura Lewis, "Why Women Fake Orgasm," women often feel a mental pressure to climax. Ms. Lewis describes a situation where the male member of a couple refuses to climax prior to his partner's own pleasure

Why Women Fake Orgasm: Another important consideration: Why are men much more comfortable with saying, "I just can't do it tonight, sorry." Have women been programmed to believe that they are responsible for…...

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References

Bendery, Jennifer. "Sex and Our City." June 22, 2002. March 6, 2003,  http://www.popmatters.com/tv/reviews/s/sex-and-the-city.shtml 

Irma, Kurtz. "Am I Bad For Faking My Orgasms?" (2000) Cosmopolitan Magazine. March 6, 2003, http://magazines.ivillage.com/cosmopolitan/experts/agony/qas/0,12750,284428_286197,00.html

Lewis, Laura Dawn. "Why Women Fake Orgasm" (2000). March 6, 2003 http://www.couplescompany.com/Jungle/WhyFake/default.htm

Faking Orgasm." March 6, 2003,  http://www.indiadiets.com/sex_guide/guide%20to%20womens%20orgasm/faking_orgasm.htm

However, an ADHD diagnose is particularly harmful because it prevents parents from looking for other solutions to the situation. The shock they experience when hearing the news makes them less determined to hear other diagnostics, given that they consider it futile and extremely difficult for them to try to consult other doctors. People were not previously aware of ADHD and as a consequence had no other choice but to go to a therapist when there was nothing that they could do in order to temper their children ("Agony of Not Knowing" 24). hereas this might seem to be extremely unfortunate for most of present-day ADHD supporters, it was actually better for individuals that would most probably be diagnosed with ADHD in the present. Because they were not immediately labeled with a disorder, people could benefit from prolonged psychological or psychiatric treatment that was more likely to benefit them.
At the…...

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Works cited:

Hunker, Paula Gray "Boys Will Be Boys - but Not if They're Riddled with Ritalin," Insight on the News 20 Apr. 1998

O'Meara, Kelly Patricia. "New Research Indicts Ritalin," Insight on the News 1 Oct. 2001: 22

Wender, Paul H. ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adults (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)

"Agony of Not Knowing Why Your Child Is So Different from the Rest," Evening Chronicle (Newcastle, England) 17 Feb. 2006: 24

This law was designed to punish the supplier, not attack the unsuspecting victim of the crime. However, the size of this seizure of merchandise is evidence that these measures simply do not work. Despite existing laws, consumer demand for these products remains high.
The ultimate solution to the counterfeit and fakes problem is to convince people to stop buying them. This seems to be a reasonable approach, but the volumes reported in counterfeit products indicate that this is not likely to happen on a voluntary basis. There is already a considerable amount of press regarding how to spot a fake and the dark side of the business, but consumers still continue to purchase fakes. Sometimes they make the purchase by accident, but many times, they intentionally seek out these cheap imposters.

Stronger measures are needed to bring the black market to a halt. If consumers are not willing to do it…...

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Works Cited

Goodwin, J. The Human Cost of Fakes. Harper's Bazaar. January 2006/. Reprinted in Do We Need an Ethics of Buying?

Law, P. A Call for More Sweatshop Labor. The Columbia Daily Spectator. Columbia University. January 26, 2005. Reprinted in Do We Need an Ethics of Buying?

Murphy, S. Cache of knockoff bags triggers federal case. November 4, 2005. Boston Globe. www.boston.com/news/local/Massachusetts/articles/2005/11/04/cache_of_knockoff_bags_triggers_federal_case /   / Accessed November 11, 2008.http://www.boston.com/news/local/Massachusetts/articles/2005/11/04/cache_of_knockoff_bags_triggers_federal_case 

Political satire has long been a standard method of political and social commentary. Jonathan Swift's essay "A Modest Proposal" is a prime example of how satire is a powerful vehicle for raising awareness about critical social and political issues, but doing so in a relatively nonthreatening and accessible way. In the United States, political cartoons have long been the bastion of political satire. Howeve, r as allachy puts it, "American satire has changed a great deal since Benjamin Franklin's 'Join or Die' cartoon," (1). Technology is one reason why political satire in America has changed its approach. Both Jesse atters and Samantha Bee have traditional television shows on the one hand, but both also benefit from new media both to find fodder for their discussions but also to propagate their ideas. However, there are critical differences between these two political humor shows. The most glaring difference is that Bee offers…...

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Works Cited

Batalion, Judy. "Jewish Joke's On You." Jewish Quarterly, Vol. 64, No.1, 2017, pp. 33-35.

Becker, Amy B. and Bode, Leticia. "Satire as a source for learning? The differential impact of news versus satire exposure on net neutrality knowledge gain." Information, Communication, and Society, 2017, DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2017.1301517

Bee, Samantha. Full Frontal. [Various Episodes].

Johnson, Derek. "Activating Activism." Critical Studies in Media Communication, 2017,  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2017.1298142

Essay Topic Examples
1. The sychology Behind Fake Influence: Vulnerabilities and Consequences:
    This essay will explore the psychological aspects that make users susceptible to fake social media influencers and the subsequent emotional and behavioral consequences. It will address the allure of online popularity, the impact of comparison culture, and the potential risks to mental health.

2. The Economics of Deception: Monetizing Fake Influence on Social Media:
    This topic will delve into the financial implications of fake influence, discussing how inauthentic engagement and followers can distort the social media marketplace. It will consider the effects on advertising, brand partnerships, and the overall trust in social media marketing.

3. The Erosion of Trust: How Fake Influence Undermines Social Media Authenticity:
    An examination of how fake influencers damage the credibility of social media platforms, leading to a general erosion of trust among users. This essay will analyze the long-term implications for social media as a space for genuine connection…...

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Primary Sources

Waddell, Kaveh. \"The Shady World of Social Media Influencers.\" The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 30 Dec. 2016, www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/12/influencers-are-shady/511679/.

Confessore, Nicholas. \"The Follower Factory.\" The New York Times, The New York Times Company, 27 Jan. 2018, www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/01/27/technology/social-media-bots.html.

Lin, Jhih-Syuan, and Linda L. Price. \"The Impact of E-Word-of-Mouth on the Online Popularity of Restaurants: A Comparison of Consumer Reviews and Citations from Other Sources.\" Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, vol. 39, no. 5, 2015, pp. 531-551.

Hui, Pak Ming, et al. \"Disinformation and Influence Campaigns on Social Media: A Network Perspective.\" Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, vol. 13, 2019, pp. 316-325.

Ferrara, Emilio. \"Disinformation and Social Bot Operations in the Run-Up to the 2017 French Presidential Election.\" First Monday, vol. 22, no. 8, 2017, firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/8005.

Essay Topic Examples 1. The Impact of Fake Social Media Influence on Mental Health


This essay will explore the psychological effects that fake social media influencers can have on individuals, particularly young and impressionable audiences. The discussion will focus on issues such as lowered self-esteem, increased anxiety, and the prevalence of body image disorders that result from the portrayal of unrealistic lifestyles and standards of beauty.


2. Dismantling Trust: How Fake Influencers Undermine Authenticity in Digital Communities


The essay will examine the erosion of trust within social media communities due to the rise of fake influencers. It will assess the implications for authenticity and the challenges genuine influencers and brands face in maintaining credibility and building genuine relationships with audiences in an environment increasingly characterized by deception.


3. Economic Ramifications of Inauthentic Social Media Influence on Online Marketing


This piece will delve into the economic impact of fake influencers on businesses, including wasted marketing budgets, skewed…...

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Primary Sources

Vosoughi, Soroush, Deb Roy, and Sinan Aral. \"The spread of true and false news online.\" Science 359.6380 (2018): 1146-1151.

Ferrara, Emilio. \"Disinformation and social bot operations in the run up to the 2017 French presidential election.\" First Monday 22.8-7 (2017).

Bessi, Alessandro, and Emilio Ferrara. \"Social bots distort the 2016 U.S. Presidential election online discussion.\" First Monday 21.11-7 (2016).

Humprecht, Edda. \"Where \'fake news\' flourishes: a comparison across four Western democracies.\" Information, Communication & Society 23.5 (2020): 699-715.

Lazer, David MJ et al. \"The science of fake news: Addressing fake news requires a multidisciplinary effort.\" Science 359.6380 (2018): 1094-1096.

Essay Topic Examples 1. The Ethical Dilemmas of Deepfake Technology:
Explore the moral implications that arise from the use of deepfake technology, including the balance between freedom of expression and the potential for harm caused by misleading representations of individuals in media.

2. Deepfakes and the Future of Truth in Media:
Discuss how deepfake videos challenge our notion of truth and authenticity in the media, including the impact on news, journalism, and the spread of misinformation in our increasingly digital world.

3. Legal erspectives on Deepfake Videos:
Analyze the current legal ramifications of deepfake content, intellectual property concerns, and the emerging discourse on the need for legal frameworks to regulate the creation and distribution of deepfakes.

4. The sychological Impact of Deepfakes on Society:
Evaluate the psychological effects deepfake videos may have on individuals and societies, including issues of trust, the power of visual evidence, and the potential for deepfakes to shape public opinion…...

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Primary Sources

Deepfakes: A New Threat to Face Recognition? Assessment and Detection

Tolosana, Ruben, et al. \"Deepfakes: A New Threat to Face Recognition? Assessment and Detection.\" arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.12749 (2020).

Deep Video Portraits

Kim, Hyeongwoo, et al. \"Deep Video Portraits.\" ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 37.4 (2018): 1-14.

Zao: A Deepfake App Analysis

Chesney, Robert, and Danielle Citron. \"Zao: A Deepfake App Analysis.\" U of Texas Law, Public Law Research Paper (2019).

Creating and Detecting Fake Images and Videos

Media and Society: The Problem of Too Much Fake News Is the era of fake news becoming too dangerous for our families today? As Jones (2013) notes, communication media in the digital world is a powerful tool that we all must be mindful of lest we risk using it poorly and causing more harm than good. With the recent news faux pas involving a group of high school Catholic boys being harassed by a group of protestors yet getting blamed by news media right and left, getting “doxxed” by celebrities calling for blood, and receiving death threats all over an incident blown completely out of proportion, we as a community have to stop and consider how we allow the media to dictate the terms by which we live our lives. This paper will explain why we have to get a better handle on the problem of fake news before it really…...

In addition, the recall constitutes an expectation of substantial change before products actually reached consumers, placing it in compliance with 402A. obins & obins lived up to its legal and its ethical responsibilities.
Question 4

The Blanchard and Peale method of determining ethicality consists of three checks, which can be applied to both the decision to avoid the $0.35 per-package charge to automate recalls and to the "fake" recall process of the company (Lankard, 1991). First, the models asks if the action is legal, both in terms of governmental laws and company policy; the answer for both dilemmas in this case is "yes." The second test is whether the action is balanced and fair, promoting "win-win" solutions; here, the answer in both cases is more ambiguous. The additional costs of medications from the UPC rule would have been passed on to consumers, which is a "lose" to some extent even though…...

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References

Adminsitrative Procedure Act. (n.d.). Accessed 18 April 2012.  http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/laws/administrative-procedure/553.html 

402A. (n.d.). Accessed 18 a /  http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/cases/products/402a-b.htm 

Lankard, B. (1991). Resolving Ethical Dilemmas in the Workplace. Accessed 18 April 2012.  http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9220/focus.htm 

Radcliffe, M. & Brinson, D. (1999). Contracts Law. Accessed 18 April 2012.  http://library.findlaw.com/1999/Jan/1/241463.html

Film Begets Film And Real Begets Fake: Woody Allen's Zelig
Woody Allen's Zelig represents many classic potentialities and limitations of the mockumentary. Predating the "mockumentary" designation by a full year, Zelig helped pioneer the mockumentary's use of clever parody to entertain, expose the fallibility of "historical" archival footage, prick the conscience and soothe. Simultaneously, Zelig suffered and suffers from the limitations of the mockumentary, as parasite and slave to the documentary, inherent filmed format and key components imitated to the point of triteness. espite Zelig's relatively early techniques and presentation, it remains squarely within the mockumentary mode.

Body: Film Begets Film and Real Begets Fake: Woody Allen's Zelig

The term "mockumentary" is a synthetic word stemming from a comment in 1984's This is Spinal Tap. In that film, documentarian Marty iBergi referred to his work as a "rockumentary, if you will" (oherty 24). In a small leap from that term, "mockumentary" was born.…...

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During Zelig's first wave of celebrity, medical experts -- including psychiatrist Dr. Eudora Nesbitt Fletcher -- unsuccessfully analyze him. Then, upon his return from Italy, Dr. Fletcher takes Zelig to the isolation of the countryside and so successfully "cures" his malady that Zelig attacks an expert because Zelig disagrees with the expert's correct statement that it's a nice day. A "cured" Zelig now travels the U.S. with renewed celebrity status, giving motivational speeches about "being yourself." In addition, Zelig and Dr. Fletcher -- who is also famous due to Zelig's cure -- announce their engagement, at which point multiple women come forward to claim that Zelig married them while he was in one of his chameleon forms. Now that Zelig is accused of bigamy and adultery, the easily manipulated public turns against him, pressuring him to return to his chameleon disease and disappear. Dr. Fletcher searches for Zelig and finds him in a newsreel of Hitler; consequently, she travels to German and sees that Zelig is in Hitler's inner circle. Seeing Fletcher, Zelig comes out of his chameleon existence once again and they both return to America. The gullible and manipulated public now celebrates Zelig with a ticker tape parade in New York City. Zelig and Fletcher then marry and fade into obscurity.

Ideally, the mockumentary has several powerful potentialities. Typically, it is a clever, provocative parody of the documentary genre (Grossman 271-2). Zelig, for example beautifully imitates the black-and-white documentaries of the 1970's which purported to give an accurate and complete history. Without the benefit of digital film or CGI, Allen inserts himself as Zelig in numerous historically important scenarios. Zelig's revisionist history, just this side of reality in that Zelig poses with real historical characters (Doherty 24), "incinerated" the naive reliance on archival film as an accurate conveyor of history. Furthermore, to buttress the supposed historical reliability of his mockumentary, Allen used a then-key innovation that has been used ad nauseum: real experts such as Susan Sontag and Saul Bellow, to lend superficial credence to the truthfulness of his mocking historical account (Doherty 23). By almost seamlessly inserting Zelig into archival footage, the film shows the fallibility of film as genuine history.

Zelig also succeeded in fulfilling another potentiality of the mockumentary: parodying the modern concept of celebrity and human nature, particularly modern man's wish to conform, assimilate and belong (Genter). Through the use of comedy and keen historical mockery, Zelig succeeds in cultural critique of those facets, prompting audiences to "self-conscious analysis" of our tendency toward those human weaknesses (Grossman 272). By raising Zelig to celebrity, then lowering him to despised status, then raising him to celebrity, then relegating him to obscurity, the film forces the audience to examine our gullibility, easy manipulation and persistent problem in distinguishing fact from fiction in our celebrity-obsessed, image-obsessed culture (Grossman 283). Consequently, even as the audience laughs at the

motional labor is an important aspect of what people do in their jobs, as Grandey rightly points out. Also considered, though, is the regulation of emotion within the workplace, because there have been workplace shootings, cases of rage, rapes, killings, and all kinds of problems. These are rare, but they do happen, and it is believed that they will become more common in the future because society is going more global and workers are under increasing pressures today.
Grandey, a., Fisk, G.M., & Steiner, D.D. (2005). Must "service with a smile" be stressful? The moderating role of personal control for American and French employees. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 893-904.

Having control is an important concept in the business world. People must be able to maintain control over themselves when they deal with other employees and with customers that may or may not be happy. As Grandey, Fisk, and Steiner…...

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Emotional labor and the discomfort that it can bring are discussed by Tracy. The idea of emotional labor is a relatively new one, and a lot of people still try to overlook or ignore it. However, it is not something that can be wished away. It is important to understand this discomfort so that people who need help with the work that they do and the way that they feel about that work can get some assistance. Without getting help, individuals can spiral out of control emotionally, which is an unfortunate consequence of too much dissonance and discord in a person's life. It was originally thought that these kinds of dissonance problems only happened in social and personal lives, but the business world has changed so much that these issues are starting to appear there, as well.

Tracy, S.J., & Tretheway, a. (2005). Fracturing the real-self, fake-self dichotomy: Moving toward "crystallized" discourses and identities. Communications Theory, 15, 168-195.

For most people in the business world, there is a fake self and a real self. The real self is who a person is when he or she is completely alone. The fake self is who that same person is when he or she is out there in the world, trying to cope with work, other people, and the hustle and bustle of life that so many people both loathe and take for granted at the same time. There is a way, say Tracy and Tretheway, to take the fake self and the real self, and merge them into a self that is 'real' in the larger picture of things. By doing this, there is less of a problem with feeling fake around others or feeling as though he or she has to perform in a certain way, and this can help a person feel much more meaningful and real overall, both in the business world and in his or her personal life.

Pornification of Women in Western Media
The Pornification of Women in Mainstream Western Media

Sexuality is a normal part of life for every male and female. egardless of where he or she lives, or even what age a person is, sex will be a need. It is a known biological fact. However, the Western media has been blamed to play a large role in exacerbating the need. Back in 1811, a novel published by Jane Austin known as Sense and Sensibility mentioned the word chaperon. It was stated that back then a young woman and young man were never left alone. Even if they were left alone, they were left in the presence of a chaperone. (Poisoned by Porn; It's" 2010, 14) why was this the case? The answer to that lies in that sex is a need for every man or woman born into this world. It was back then that…...

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References

8 July, 2009 "Bad boob jobs," The Times of India.

2012, "Christina Aguilera's 'Your Body' Dress Doesn't Leave Much To The Imagination," The Huffington Post.

American Society of Plastic Surgeons (2012) 2011 Plastic Surgery Statistics Report. [report].

Baudrillard, Jean 1979. "Seduction." Translated by Brian Singer. New York: St. Martin's Press

1). Hence when mankind creates something that is meaningful and orderly it will probably work effectively.
Krieger counters that it may not be possible to deliberately create something that is "orderly, purposeful or meaningful" and that works well (Krieger, 2005:76). Historically design has focused on structures that are sacred including cities (Krieger, 2005). It is important if planning to redesign nature that mankind takes into consideration the sacredness of nature. It is not geographers that would give meaning to the Earth but rather nature itself; it is too important for mankind to forget the original design and hence become confused about that which is real vs. that which is fake (Krieger, 2005).

Balance may be defined once mankind realizes it's understanding of the natural landscape has changed. egardless of how much mankind may revere trees for example, mankind rarely treats nature or trees as sacred or relevant; rather nature has become in…...

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References

Light, Andrew. The Beauty Around Us: Environmental Aesthetics in the Scenic

Landscape and Beyond. Albany: Suny Press: 2003.

Elliot Robert. "Faking Nature." Environmental Ethics. 4th edition.

Ed. Louis P. Pojman. Belmont, California: Thomson Wadsworth, 2005.

There are two main levels of language used in A Streetcar Named Desire. These are the text of the stage directions and the words the actors actually say to one another. The biggest contrast is between Stanley's course, slang language and Blanche's classy, flowery statements. While Blanche's language sounds much more proper, it also sounds very fake and false in comparison with Stanley's speech. This is how Williams wanted it to sound when he wrote the play. By using two styles of writing and language, Williams was able to distinguish the two main characters from one another very easily, which....

To provide an answer to this question, it is really important to know which government is the subject of your question.  In some countries, the government is absolutely prohibited from imposing the types of regulations on speech that answering yes to the question would require.  These types of absolute prohibitions, such as the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, significantly impact whether a government could regulate social media, even if regulating social media would help prevent the spread of fake news and misinformation.  Therefore, any discussion of whether they should regulate this type of speech has....

Certainly! Here are some essay topics on Donald Trump:

1. Analyzing Donald Trump's presidency: Successes, failures, and controversies.
2. The impact of Donald Trump's immigration policies on the United States.
3. Donald Trump's approach to foreign relations: An examination of his diplomacy strategies.
4. The role of social media in Donald Trump's political communication.
5. Investigating the economic policies and their effects during Trump's presidency.
6. Donald Trump's impact on the Republican Party: Transformation or deviation?
7. The rise of populism and its connection to Donald Trump's presidential campaign.
8. Analyzing the media's portrayal of Donald Trump's administration: Bias and influence.
9. A comparative study: Donald Trump and previous....

1. The importance of paraphrasing in academic writing and avoiding plagiarism
2. Techniques and strategies for effectively paraphrasing text
3. The impact of paraphrasing on comprehension and retention of information
4. Common mistakes to avoid when paraphrasing
5. The ethical considerations of paraphrasing in research and writing
6. The role of paraphrasing in promoting critical thinking and analysis
7. How paraphrasing can enhance the clarity and coherence of written communication
8. The challenges and benefits of teaching paraphrasing skills to students
9. The role of paraphrasing in developing strong argumentation and persuasive writing
10. The relationship between paraphrasing and effective summarization in writing.
11. The cultural implications of paraphrasing and....