Evolution
"Creational critics often charge that evolution cannot be tested, and therefore cannot be viewed as properly scientific subject at all. This claim is rhetorical nonsense" (Stephen Jay Gould).

Human life is both sacred and mysterious. From time before recorded history, human beings, both scientific and religious have tried to determine what it is exactly that gives life and by extension, can take life away. In ancient times, most people believed that some great unknown deity who controlled all the aspects of life. ith the advent of scientific inquiry and investigation, people have tried to apply empirical research and evidence to the question of human existence. Since the concept of human evolution was first proposed, many people were strongly opposed to the very idea that human beings and primates were descended from a common ancestor. Even today in this supposedly enlightened and scientific time, there are still large amounts of groups and…...

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Works Cited:

Dobzhanksy, Theodosius. "Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution."

The American Biology Teacher. The National Association of Biology Teachers. 35:3. 1973. 125-129.

Hecht, Jeff. "Chimps are Human, Gene Study Implies." New Scientist. 2003. Print.

Humes, Edward. "Unintelligent Designs on Darwin." Trib Live. Trib Total Media. 2012. Print.

EVOLUTION
What is evolutionary theory and what are causes of evolution and the evidence of evolution?

The term 'evolution' evokes varied connotations. In simple and direct terms it is a process of change or development over a long period of time. Defined so, evolution can refer to any phenomena-- evolution of universe, evolution of human culture etc. -- that change over a period of time. However, in common parlance, evolution refers to biologic or organic evolution, which is the formation and development of life on earth. iological evolution is "an unpredictable and natural process of temporal descent with genetic modification that is affected by natural selection, chance, historical contingencies and changing environments." (NAT, 1997) It is the change in genetics of a population over time.

Theory of Evolution:

The first scientific studies on evolution were conducted in the 1700s by two French biologists - Comte de uffon and aron Cuvier -- by studying the…...

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Bibliography

Dobzhansky Theodosius "Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution," American Biology Teacher vol. 35 March, 1973

Evolution," Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia available at www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution- Wikipedia.htm

Mueller, L.D., Joshi, A. & Borash, D.J. "Does population stability evolve?" Ecology 81, 2000-1273-1285.

Neil A. Campbell, Biology 2nd ed., Benjamin/Cummings, 1990, p. 434

Evolution vs. Creationism
iological evolution or evolutionary biology is genetic change in a population occurring from generation to another (O'Neill 2002). All life forms evolve and continue evolving from earlier species, and these life forms include human beings. Most biological scientists concur that the earliest life forms on earth evolved from chance natural occurrences 3 1/5 to 4 billion years ago. They agree that evidence for evolution comes from fossil records of change, the chemical and structural similarities of related life forms, the recorded genetic changes in living organisms for many generations (O'Neill) and the geographic distribution of these related species.

Fossil remains of animals and plants in sedimentary rock deposit prove and serve as records of past changes that occur through time and of the numerous varieties of living things. They also suggest that gaps or missing links in evolution are due only to lack of recorded data (O'Neill).

Living things share…...

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Bibliography

1. Bakke, Mark. Philosophy/Evolution vs. Creationism. EarthLink Network.

Philosophy of Life. (accessed 28-02-03). http://home.earthlink.net/~mbakke1/evolcrea.htm

2. Cable News Network. Evolutionary Biologist Don Waller on Creationism vs. Evolution in Schools. CNN.com LP, LLP: AOL Time Warner Company, 2003

3. O'Neill, Dennis. Early Theories of Evolution: Evidence of Evolution.

Countless fossils and remnants of ancient limbs (such as the legs found on a dolphin recently) continue to back up the theory of how animals evolved from other forms of life and other kinds of bodies. For instance, whales and dolphins (proven by DNA to be related) have the vestiges of legs within their sleek bodies and their front "fins" have bones that correspond to human hands, rather than fish fins. They have been traced from an ungulate that evolved on land, then returned to the sea and adapted to that environment. Of course this took millions of years, but the bones and fossils of ancient whales back up this long history (Whitehead, 2003).
Creationism is the view that rejects scientific theories that contradict the stories of those events that are expressed in the Bible. Bishop Samuel Wilberforce of Oxford, in the 1880's, found the idea of human beings being…...

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References

Darwinism," (2004). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford, CA. Stanford University Press.

Darwin, C. (1962). The Origin of the Species, New York: Modern Library,

Futuyma, D.J. (1982). Science on Trial: The Case for Evolution, New York: Pantheon Books.

Fox, M. (2006). The A.W.E. Project: Reinventing Education, Reinventing the Human. New York: Copperhouse Publishing.

In conclusion, perhaps we should heed the words of Charles Darwin himself who before his historic voyage aboard the H.M.S. eagle between 1831 and 1836 was a devout Christian and creationist -- "There is a grandeur in this view of life. Whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been and are being evolved" (on the Origin of Species, Internet). With this, it is abundantly clear that Darwin, the former creationist, was thoroughly convinced after his voyages that evolution is a fact of life which makes ID redundant and meaningless. ut perhaps Darwin knew something which we continue to fail to understand -- that nature itself is the ultimate designer, unknown unto itself but ever present, the quintessential intelligence without shape, form or preconceived notions of design.

ibliography

ehe, Michael J. "Design for…...

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Bibliography

Behe, Michael J. "Design for Living." New York Times. February 7, 2005. Internet.

Retrieved October 21, 2008 at  http://www.nytimes.com/2005/ 

02/07/opinion/07behe.html?_r=1&oref=slogin.

Darwin, Charles. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. 2008. Internet.

For one, the researcher discovered that there was a structure called Meckel's cartilage that was present between the incus, or anvil bone, of the middle ear and the lower jawbone of Yanoconodon. hy is this so important? ell, coincidentally, in the developing human embryo the lower mandible transforms and produces the bones of the middle ear. As the embryo further evolves, the identical Meckel's cartilage is produced as the bones migrate from the jaw to the middle ear. Afterwards the cartilage is dissolved into fibrous membranes and becomes part of the jawbone again and dissapears. This is the first time the presence of Meckel's cartilage was found in a fully developed mammal. This also adds some credence to an old saying "ontogeny capitulates phylogeny," or in English the stages in the development of the embryo mirrors the evolutionary stages in the development of the species. hile intriguing and also not…...

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Works Cited

Luo, Z., Chen, P., Li, G., Chen, G. & Chen, M. "A New Eutriconodont Mammal and Evolutionary Development in Early Mammals." Nature, (2007) Vol 446; 288-293

The genes that are responsible for giving the feelings of happiness are so designed to limit the pleasurable experience to be of a short-lived nature. Therefore, happiness derived from actions is never of a permanent nature and consequently the feelings of satisfaction are also temporary. The transient nature of the pleasure implies that man would endeavor to achieve it again and again. (as in sex). Also happiness is not only limited to food and copulation. Things such as the well-being of our children, our own social esteem, are also factors that bring happiness.
To quote from the Ecclestiases "All human toil is for the mouth, and yet the appetite is not satisfied." In this scheme of things designed by nature, people are continuously attracted by a plethora of things and propelled into action, which they feel would give them that ultimate happiness. ut, all through their existence, people don't realize…...

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Bibliography

1) Robert Wright, "Dancing to Evolution's Tune," 'Time', January 7, 2005

2) Bruno Dubuc, "The Brain from Top to Bottom: The Role of Dopamine," Accessed on 11th February 2005,  http://www.thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_03/d_03_m/d_03_m_que/d_03_m_que.html 

3) Keith E. Stanovich, "The Robots rebellion: Finding Meaning in the Age of Darvin," Accessed on 11th February 2005,  http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/770893.html

The combination of this information, however, forms a firm foundation for scientific research.
Archeology has long been a laboratory for evolutionary studies and the field of physical anthropology has relied heavily upon archeology for documenting much of its research into the lifestyles of the ancient people that they have investigated. With the advent of DNA technology, anthropologists have been able to use the archeological specimens to trace the domestication of animals and plants and scientific conclusions have been able to be drawn that would not have been available but for the DNA technology. Because physical anthropology is heavily dependent on the biological evolution of the human and primate species the contributions of archeology to this study are invaluable. In fact, there is some modern thought that archeology is actually losing its distinctiveness as a separate field of study and is slowly, but surely, merging into the field of anthropology. egardless…...

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References

Fahlander, F. (2004). Archaeology and Anthropology: Brothers in Arms? - on Analogies in 21st Century. In F.F. (editor), Material Culture and Other Things-Post Disciplinary Studies in 21st Century (pp. 185-211). Gothenburg: Gotarc.

Jurmain, R. (2008). Essentials of Physical Anthropology. Beverly, MA: Wadsworth Publishing.

Kaestle, F.A. (2002). Ancient DNA in anthropolgoy: Methods, applications, and ethics. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 92-120.

Royal Anthropological Institute. (n.d.). Discover Anthropology. Retrieved January 22, 2012, from Discover Anthropology:  http://www.discoveranthropology.org.uk/

Evolution of CM with Timeline
CM timeline

70's -80's; mainly a product centric era but the evolution of the customer relationship management started taking place.

90's; the CM started becoming popular among the organizations.

21st century; advent of e-CM and CM is considered one of the most important tools in the success of a business.

Important milestones in the evolution of the CM

In the early 90's, after the evolution of the CM in the 70's and 80's, a lot of organizations stared to go back to the way the businesses were carried out in the pre-industrialized era, i.e. On the basis of the strong and direct relationships with the customers.

The introduction of internet also played a very important role in the popularity of the CM among the organizations as with the advent of internet and the trend of deregulation the competition increased a lot and the organizations realized that the customers were their most important…...

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References

Khera, M. (2010). The Evolution of CRM & The Challenges of Personalized E-Support. Maaya Corporation

Sheth, J.N., and Parvatiyar, A. (1995). "The Evolution of Relationship Marketing," International Business Review, 4(4), 397-418.

Thomas, J.C., Kellogg, W.A & Erickson, T. (2001) "The Knowledge Management Puzzle: Human Factors and Knowledge Management." IBM System Journal. Vol. 40 No. 4.

Webster, F.E. Jr. (1992) "The Changing Role of Marketing in the Corporation," Journal of Marketing 56(4), 1-17.

"Arthurian female heroes, contrariwise, exist (at least for a time) as active helpers to male heroes, but always in the service of the patriarchal culture the hero upholds" (Fries, 3). One could argue that since this universe is thus so narrow for women, that embodying these counter-hero roles is actually the one way in which women can become empowered. Since autonomy and self-determination does not so strongly exist for women this fictional realm, and that they often function as a means of reflecting or mirroring the desires and goals of the greater male hero that the only way for these women to manifest desires and goals of their own is by attacking the already established values and structure.
While Fries strongly attributes this narrowing and general one-dimensionality of the female figure in Arthurian literature, to the sheer inability of male authors of the period to imagine anything else, and this…...

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Reference Library, 1996. Print.

Fries, M. "The Lady to the Tramp: The Decline of Morgan le Fay in Medieval Romance." Arthuriana (1994): 1-18. Print.

Fries, M. "Gender and the Grail." Arthuriana (1998): 67-79. Print. .

Fulton, H. "A Woman's Place: Guinevere in the Welsh and French Romances." Quondam et Futurus (1993): 1-25. Print.

Goodrich, P.H. "The Erotic Merlin ." Arthuriana (2000): 94-115. Print.

Evolution of Cognitive Psychology
A discipline in the field of psychology, cognitive psychology examines the way people process information. This field achieves this goal by examining how humans treat information that they receive through stimuli and how their treatment of information contributes to certain responses. Therefore, the professionals in this field generally study people's internal processes like perception, language, attention, thinking, and memory. Cognitive psychology is based on the concept that understanding the internal process of individuals' minds is crucial to understanding their responses and actions. As a result, this discipline of psychology basically emphasizes on the person and his/her natural environment.

Cognition:

One of the foundational concepts in cognitive psychology discipline is cognition, whose literal meaning is described as knowing. Cognition refers to people's mental processes like attention, memory, thinking, decision making, solving problems, and understanding language. While the term is also used in other branches of psychology like social psychology, it…...

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References:

Braisby, N. & Gellatly, A. (n.d.). Chapter 1 -- Foundations of Cognitive Psychology. Retrieved March 11, 2012, from  http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199273768/ch01.pdf 

McLeod, S. (2007). Cognitive Psychology. Retrieved March 11, 2012, from  http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive.html

Evolution of Electronic and Consumer Shopping
Through time there has been a lot of technological advancement. The changes in technology have had an impact on virtually all aspects of our daily lives. Just look around and you can see evidence of how wired we all are. Thanks to the internet anything one wants can be delivered at their door step in matter or hours or days. The changes in technology have made it easy for everyone's day-to-day lives. Technology has changed how we run our day-to-day lives such as education, healthcare, social life, leisure activities and even the working environment. Technology has helped in doing things faster and also improved how people interact with each other for instance through the internet, mobile phones, video conferencing, portable computers and so on (Hill,2012). The paper will look at how the evolution of electronic technologies has changed an d impacted consumer retail shopping .it…...

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References

Wee, H.(2013). How mobile technology is revolutionizing in-store shopping. Retrieved November 20,2013 from  http://www.cnbc.com/id/100377473 

ABC Trick.(2013).How Technology has Changed How Consumers Shop and What's Next. Retrieved November 20, 2013 from  http://www.abctrick.net/2012/03/how-technology-has-changed-how.html 

White, A.(2010).Technology Advances in Retail. Retrieved November 20,2013 from  http://www.arubanetworks.com/pdf/technology/whitepapers/wp_Retail_advances.pdf 

Hill, M.(2012). How RFID Technology is Revolutionizing the Consumer Shopping Experience . Retrieved November 20,2013 from  http://www.retailtouchpoints.com/executive-viewpoints/1711-how-rfid-technology-is-revolutionizing-the-consumer-shopping-experience -

Evolution of Management
There are many contributors to the field of management creating different management styles and theories. The major contributors to management thought are Frederick Taylor with the scientific management, as described in "Shop Management 1903," "Principles of Scientific Management, 1911" (Koontz & Weihrich, 2006). This thought believes that the main concern for management is the increment of productivity and pay for employees, by applying scientific methods. The theory emphasizes on the use of science, creation of harmony and cooperation in groups, realizing maximum output, and improving workers. This management thought has other contributors like Henry Gantt (1901) who proposes harmony and cooperation between management and employees (Koontz & Weihrich, 2006). In addition, are Frank Gillbreth (1900) pioneered the time and motion studies, while Lillian Gillbreth focused on human aspects in work, human needs, and personalities.

The second group of thought is the modern operational management theory postulated by Henri Fayol…...

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References

Daft, R.L. & Lane, P. (2009). Management. 9th ed. Mason; South-Western, Cengage Learning.

Koontz, H. & Weihrich, H. (2006). Essentials of Management. New Delhi; Tata McGraw-Hill Education.

Lunenburg, F.C. & Ornstein, A.C. (2011). Educational Administration: Concepts and Practices. Mason; South-Western Cengage Learning.

Northouse, P.G. (2012). Introduction to Leadership: Concepts and Practice. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, California; Sage Publications, Inc.

Evolution of Image Identity in Spanish Films From 1970s to Present
The Spirit of the Beehive

The movie mainly dwells around a little girl Ana who is fascinated with Frankenstein, a 1931 American horror film. Besides the movie highlights her family life and schooling and has been tagged the bewitching portrait of a child's haunted inner life (Erice, 1973). This film is portrays the effect of the Spanish civil war that disintegrated families leaving behind a divided society. This film was shot in 1973 when the regime's iron rule was diminishing and contains symbolism and subtlety depicting the Spanish community after and before the war.

From the film, disintegration of Ana's family's emotional life is a representation of Spaniards during the civil war. Additionally, the barren empty landscape around the sheepfold portrays Spain's isolation from the rest of the continent during the first years of Franco's regime. The film further highlights Fernando's disgust…...

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References

Camus, M. (Director). (1984). The Holy Innocents [Motion Picture].

Erice, V. (Director). (1973). The Spirit of the Beehive; El espiritu de la colmena [Motion Picture].

Zambrano, B. (Director). (1998). Solas [Motion Picture].

EFEENCES

"About WordNet." (2009). Princeton University Online. Cited in:

http://wordnet.princeton.edu/

Balota, D. And E. Marsh, eds. (2004). Cognitive Psychology: Key eadings .Psychology

Press.

Campbell, J. And .E. Mayer. (2008). "Questioning as an Instructional Method: Does it

Affect Learning From Lectures?" Applied Cognitive Pscyhology. 23(6): 747-59.

Chomsky, N. (1967). "A eview of B.F. Skinner's Verbal Behavior." eadings in the Pscyhology of Language. Cited in:

http://www.chomsky.info/articles/1967-.htm

Goldstein, B. (2007). Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, esearch, and Everyday

Experience. Wadsworth.

Green, M.. And A. Oliva. (2009). "ecognition of Natural Scenes From Global

Properties: Seeing the Forest Without epresenting the Trees." Cognitive

Psychology. 58(2): 137-76.

Hayes, S. et.al., eds.. (2001). elational Frame Theory: A Post-Skinnerian

Account of Human Language and Cognition. Springer.

Neisser, U. And I. Hyman. (1999). Memory Observed: emembering in Natural

Context, 2nd ed.s. Worth Publishers.

eed, S. (2009). Cognition: Theory and Applications. Wadsworth.

hodes, M. And S. Gelman. (2009). "A Developmental Examination of the Conceptual

Structure of Animal, Artifact, and Human Social Categories Across Two Cultural

Contexts." Cognitive Psychology, June 2009. Cited in:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleUL&_udi=B6WC-4WHDHWK-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a6a19ed4aab55e43497a611b641e5805

obinson-iegler,…...

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REFERENCES

"About WordNet." (2009). Princeton University Online. Cited in:

 http://wordnet.princeton.edu/ 

Balota, D. And E. Marsh, eds. (2004). Cognitive Psychology: Key Readings .Psychology

Press.

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Police Brutality Essay Titles:

1. Media’s Spin on Police Brutality vs. Actual Nationwide Statistics
2. How to Interpret Police Brutality through Various Sociological Lenses
3. Police Brutality and Critical Race Theory:  Implications for Policing
4. Is Police Brutality as Bad as They Say It Is?
5. From Rodney King to George Floyd:  The Evolution of Depictions and Responses to Police Brutality in America
6. How the Militarized Police State Has Institutionalized Police Brutality
7. Police Brutality as a Symptom of the (In)Justice System
8. Community Policing as a Solution to Police Brutality
9. Can Alternative Sentencing and Restorative Justice Reduce Police Brutality Rates?
10. Police Brutality is Accepted When Police are Mobilized in Force

We would start this essay by looking at the Department of State’s list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations.  Looking at that list is a great way to identify transnational terrorist groups.  Working from those groups, you could the identify a transnational group that is linked to a domestic terrorist group.  The County Reports on Terrorism also reveal how international terrorist groups work and can provide some insight into their ties to domestic organizations.  Working this way may be important for the integrity of your research because the designation of groups as domestic terrorist groups changed....