Evidence-Based Practice
There is a lot of talk about evidence-based practice in the medical community, and it may seem as though it is being overstated. However, that is definitely not the case. Evidence-based practice is very important in order to make sure healthcare outcomes are the best they can be. Any problematic outcomes can be improved through the use of scholarly inquiry and analysis. Being able to analyze issues properly and in a scholarly manner provides food for thought and also provides an opportunity for the most realistic and logical decision for patient care. This is not to say that logic is the only way to determine something, but that particular steps have to be taken in the vast majority of circumstances to ensure the patient is getting the best care. Nurses must not simply make a choice as to what kind of care to provide to a patient. The decision…...

Evidence-ased Practice: Systems Theory and Diffusion of Innovation Theories to Healthcare Delivery and Nursing Practice
The ability to acquire accurate and timely information enhances nursing practice and patient outcomes. Search engines and healthcare nursing databases operate in different ways, and it is necessary for healthcare professionals to understand how to access and efficiently use both public and professional resources. ecause today the public has greater access to electronic health information, healthcare professionals must be aware of the information their patients are accessing and be proficient at identifying credible sources. It is important for healthcare professionals to know how to use professional databases. Nursing practice needs to be based on evidence and access to healthcare databases assist nurses in identifying best practices. The use of theories from other disciplines also expands the breadth and depth of knowledge available to guide healthcare delivery and nursing practice. relating systems and diffusion of innovation theories…...

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Bibliography

Laszlo, A. And Krippner, S. (1998) Systems Theories: Their Origins, Foundations, and Development. Published in: J.S. Jordan (Ed.), Systems Theories and A Priori Aspects of Perception. Amsterdam: Elsevier

Science, 1998. Chapter 3, pp. 47-74.Retrieved from: http://archive.syntonyquest.org/elcTree/resourcesPDFs/SystemsTheory.pdf

These authors examine systems theories in terms of its origin and foundation. Examined is natural systems, reduction to dynamics, emergent properties and synergy, and the systems approach.

Martin, RL (2011) The Impact of System & Diffusion Theories in Evidence-Based Practice. Retrieved from:  http://www.scribd.com/doc/57300149/A-Discussion-on-Evidence-Based-Practice

Evidence-Based Practice
Task a: Nursing esearch Journal in APA-Format

Chaney, D. & Glacken, M. (2004). Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing esearch Findings in the Irish Practice Setting. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 13, 731-740.

The five areas of research, background information, literature review, methodology discussion, data analysis, and conclusion in the journal article.

Areas of esearch eport

Issues Addressed

The researchers used information from previous studies like Treacy & Hyde, 2003 to create background for the research. The background indicates that nurses increasingly recognize the role of research in daily practice. However, there is evidence that there is a lack of actual application of research results in practice. The researchers identify the researches background as the lack of empirical investigations of the barriers to the implementation of research findings in nursing practice.

eview of literature

The researchers carry out a review of literature to support the topic and find evidence of the barriers to research in nursing application.…...

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References

Allison, R., Flowerdew, K., & Elsmlie, A. (2012). Promoting a discussion about adherence to psychiatric medication. Mental Health Practice, 16(3), 18-22.

Browne, G. & Quinn, C. (2009). Sexuality of People Living with a Mental Illness: A Collaborative Challenge for Mental Health Nurses. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 18, 195-203.

Buck, K.D. & Lysaker, P.H. (2010). Clinical Supervision for the Treatment of Adults with Severe Mental Illness: Pertinent Issues when Assisting Graduate Nursing Students. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 46(3), 234-244.

Chaney, D. & Glacken, M. (2004). Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Research Findings in the Irish Practice Setting. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 13, 731-740.

Evidence-Based Practice
Hauck, Winsett and Kuric (2013) published "Leadership facilitation strategies to establish evidence-based practice in an acute care hospital" in the Journal of Advanced Nursing. The focus of this article is the role that leadership plays in the implementation of evidence-based practice. They note that there are three ways in which leadership can support the implementation of evidence-based practices. They can implement evidence-based practices in the strategic plan. They can support and mentor people within the organization, and lastly they can provide the resources for the education of the workforce. The authors found that when these interventions were implemented, "total group scores for beliefs and organizational readiness improved significantly" (Hauck, Winsett, Kuric, 2013, p.664).

Summary of Key Points

The authors noted that nurses outperformed other role types in this area. Thus, one of the key elements of nursing implementation is that the nursing leadership in the organization needs to prioritize the use…...

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References

Hauck, S., Winsett, R., & Kuric, J. (2013). Leadership facilitation strategies to establish evidence-based practice in an acute care hospital. Journal of Advanced Nursing. Vol. 69 (3) 664-674.

Evidence-based practice is an approach that has been applied to clinical practice and nursing. Evidence-based practice started initially in medicine and went to fields like education, psychology, nursing and dentistry. It should be noted that the research is based on studies that were carried out and these studies go on to fit the scenario that is currently being dealt with.
Treatments that are supported empirically are the ones that are proven to be efficacious in a controlled research within a population. If a person knows that they are being treated after following a study with successful results, they will feel much better receiving the treatment as well (Chambless & Hollon, 1998) In simple words, decisions are made after looking at the best possible evidence that there is. It should be noted that the characteristics, needs, and preferences of the people in the study should match those of the case at hand.

Organizations…...

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References

Addis, M. And Krasnow, A. (2000). A national survey of practicing psychologists' attitudes toward psychotherapy treatment manuals..Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68 (2), p. 331.

Chambless, D. And Hollon, S. (2013). Review Defining empirically supported therapies..J Consult Clin Psychol., 66 (1), pp. 7-18.

Dozois, D. (2013). Psychological treatments: Putting evidence into practice and practice into evidence..Canadian Psychology/Psychologiecanadienne, 54 (1), p. 1.

Meyer, B. And Dale, K. (2010). The impact of group cognitive complexity on group satisfaction: A person-environment fit perspective. Institute of Behavioural and Applied Management.

Janvnbakht, Hejazi, & Ghasemi (2009) have clearly identified the purpose of their study. hey have also stated the importance and relevance of the research topic to the current evidence-based practice. An already diagnosed illness of anxiety and depression is included in the study and evaluation of the history of other psychiatric illness confirmed before the study. he use of participants with an already diagnosed illness facilitates the study of the effectiveness of the yoga intervention in alleviating disorders and symptoms associated with anxiety and depression. here is an adequate description of the sample of the participants, response rate, and sample attrition.
Critical Appraisal of the Research Article (cont'd)

However, it fails to provide a detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria used in the study alongside the actions taken to maintain blinding.

For example, the study fails to include strategies adopted to maintain blinding such as training the therapist not to discuss with the…...

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They incorporate their own data with that of other authors who have conducted similar researches found in the MEDLINE database.

For instance, they use the studies conducted by Milchalsen, Gupta, and Taherkhani to support their evidence of the effectiveness of the intervention.

Despite the contradiction of the results obtained by Pearson, Field & Jordan (2007), in their study,

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the term that refers to the need for nursing to be based on research that has been conducted in the most thorough scientific manner, consistently tested, rigorously proved, and only then published by peer-refereed academic journals.
Evidence-based nursing is popular in nursing since it joins science with practice and bases nursing on a more critical scientific basis. It puts the nurse, so to speak, in the driver's seat and allows her -- in fact encourages her -- to question her transmitted teachings, to critically review authoritative sources of her field, and to herself conduct studies would she so wish.

This is important in various ways: firstly it makes nursing a more of an intellectual study for students who may need and wish for that intellectual component. Secondly, it frees nurses form the traditional, often submissive and uncritical obeisance to doctors. Nurses are encouraged to critically question their teachings…...

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References

Cluett, ER Evidence-based practice  http://www.elsevierhealth.co.uk/media/us/samplechapters/9780443101946/9780443101946.pdf 

Sackett DL, Rosenberg WMC, Gray JAM et al. (1996) Evidence-based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. British Medical Journal. 312;169 -- 171

Sackett DL, Straus SE, Richardson WS et al. (2000) Evidence-based medicine. How to practice and teach EBM, 2nd edn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh

Scott, M., & McSherry, R. (2009). Evidence-based nursing: clarifying the concepts for nurses in practice, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18,1085-1095

A study conducted by Leep Hunderfund et al. tested the effectiveness of a follow-up assessment and risk factor specific intervention measures in reducing falls in an inpatient setting (2011). The study suggested that the Hendrich isk Fall Model works as an effective primary screening tool and, when used in combination with further physician assessment, reduces the number of patient falls dramatically. Ang, Mordiffi and Wong corroborated these results in a study that demonstrated a reduction in fall rates in response to the implementation of specific intervention measures (2011). The intervention was targeted at risk factors identified by the Hendrich Fall isk Model and showed how the risk assessment tool could be used effectively with more specific measures to increase specificity.
The evidence found relating to the research question is intermediate in strength. While some comparative studies used the assessment tools on the same population to evaluate predictive value, others used…...

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References

Ang, E., Mordiffi, S.Z., & Wong, H.B. (2011). Evaluating the use of a targeted multiple intervention strategy in reducing patient falls in an acute care hospital: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67, 9, 1984-1992.

Hendrich, A.L., Bender, P.S., & Nyhuis, A. (2003). Validation of the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model: A Large Concurrent CASE/Control Study of Hospitalized Patients. Applied Nursing Research, 16(1), 9-21.

Hitcho, E.B., Krauss, M.J., Birge, S., Clairborne Dunagan, W., Fischer, I., Johnson, S., Nast, P.A., Constantinou, E., & Fraser, V.J. (2004). Characteristics and circumstances of falls in a hospital setting: a prospective analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 19, 7, 732-9.

Leep Hunderfund, A.N., Sweeney, C.M., Mandrekar, J.N., Johnson, L.M., & Britton, J.W. (2011). Effect of a Multidisciplinary Fall Risk Assessment on Falls Among Neurology Inpatients. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 86, 1, 19-24.

Evidence-Based Practice
esource

Filtered

Unfiltered

Clinical Practice Guidelines (1)

Authors combined several studies for efficacy

Block, S.L. (2)

Older data (over 10 years) and used only one research study.

Kelley, et.al. (3)

Credible and systematic; great review of literature

McCracken (4)

Older data (over 10 years) and used only one research study.

No scholarly or academic research, materials is hearsay and anecdotal.

esource

Primary

esearch Evidence

Evidence-Guideline

Evidence Summary

Clinical Practice Guidelines (1)

Inclusion of Primary esearch

Includes Guidelines for Best Practices

Summarization of a number of sources, generalized but academic.

Block, S.L. (2)

X

Includes Primary esearch

X

Scholarly, peer reviewed and focused on a single research topic within an academic publication.

Kelley, et.al. (3)

X

Summarization of a number of sources, generalized but academic.

McCracken (4)

X

Includes Primary esearch

X

Includes Best Practice Guidelines of AOM

X

Summation of esearch

Interviews (5)

X

Possible as a component of a larger study, but only if the experimental design is validated using the scientific method.

X

Without the addition of research methods, etc. is not valid evidence

(Sources of Evidence-Based Literature, 2006).

Discussion- Each source under review has some degree of relevancy…...

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REFERENCES

Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media. (2004). Pediatrics. 113 (5): 1451-65.

Sources of Evidence-Based Literature. (2006). NYU School of Medicine. Ehrman Medical

Library. Retrieved from:   / handouts/pdf/ebmsources.pdfhttp://library.med.nyu.edu/library/instruction 

Minors, Privacy Rights of HIPAA. (2010). University of Miami -- Miller School of Medicine. Retrieved from:   / glossary/xd_minors.htmhttp://privacy.med.miami.edu 

Evidence-Based Practice Section G: Evaluation
Section G -- Evaluation

Methodology and data collection rationale. The role of leadership styles and training in nursing situations has been described in the literature and there is a substantive body of work suggesting that leadership can significantly affect the praxis of nurses and the outcomes of patients (Looke, 2001). Training that occurs over time is believed to enhance adoption of desirable behaviors in the workplace environment, and to strengthen the implementation of transformational leadership (Bowles & Bowles, 2000). Because individuals develop leadership skills over time, it is rational to survey nurses who receive training in transformational leadership at intervals during and after training to assess their levels of transfer of training to practice. The Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) will be used to conduct face-to-face interviews of nurses receiving training in transformational learning. Use of the LPI will broaden and deepen the data collected about the subjects…...

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Validity. Quantitative data will be triangulated against the qualitative data collected through surveys and interviews of subjects. A baseline survey will establish levels of knowledge about the implementation of transformational training, about evidence-based practice, and about change in organizations. This first survey will strengthen the validity of subsequent surveys and interviews by establishing definitions and meaning of terminology used in subsequent surveys and interviews. The transformational leadership training itself will further solidify subjects' conceptual understanding, thereby contributing to content validity.

Interaction of testing and treatment poses the greatest threat to construct validity in this study because of the inherent need to test formative learning and the use of surveys and interviews which can function in much the same way as a test by signaling valued or awarded behaviors to subjects. Pilot testing of survey questions will contribute to construct validity.

Threats to internal validity in this study include social interaction, mortality, maturation, and testing (Carmines & Zeller, 1974). Social interactions can be a threat to internal validity if nurses who do not receive training behave differently because of

Evidence-Based Practice & Transformational Leadership
Change Model

Transformational leadership may be defined as an innovation as it is not in wide or general practice across the medical and healthcare fields. An innovation must, by definition be characterized by benefits that are accrued only through adoption of the innovation into practice or general use. Transformational leadership has been shown to have benefits for patients and patient care, as well as for those practice transformational leadership in their work, and the colleagues that are directly impacted by these transformational leaders. Because of the benefits that accrue to those who practice transformational leadership, it is anticipated that the attrition of nurses may be ameliorated by a diffusion of transformational leadership into the practice.

Diffusion of innovation theory. A variety of change models have been employed to describe the introduction and adoption of innovations in professional practice. The diffusion of innovation theory, a change model developed by…...

he study involved giving adolescents a questionnaire to determine if they perceived their weight and appearance with accuracy; most females overestimated their weight and most males underestimated their weights. However, this was just 35% of the participants. he bulk of the participants (65%) were able to assess their body weight accurately. On the other hand, the results of the study indicate the need for interventions to help develop health body images and healthy assessments of body weight.
his study was conducted in a thorough and comprehensive manner as the details of the study reflect. he researchers were wise to engage a large sample, so as to create a comprehensive amount of feedback and findings and to be able to look for trends with accuracy. he findings of this actual study point to the need for parents and authority figures to be better connected to the body image ideals of their…...

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Toruner, E.K., & Savaser, S. (2010). A controlled evaluation of a school-based obesity prevention in Turkish school children. Journal of School Nursing, 26(6), 473-82.

Tsai, P.Y., Boonpleng, W., McElmurry, B.J., Park, C.G., & McCreary, L. (2009). Lessons learned in using take 10! with hispanic children. The Journal of School Nursing, 25(2), 163-172.

Yost, J., Krainovich-Miller, B., Budin, W., & Norman, R. (2010). Assessing weight perception accuracy to promote weight loss among U.S. female adolescents: A secondary analysis. BMC Public Health, 10, 465.

In fact the inabilty of the sociall work profession to adequaelty and discretely define EBP, specifically the main goal of this work, may in part be to blame for scholalry blunders, such as the use of evidence-based practice in a title of a work that is highly qualitative, anecdotal or even based on a single or small set of case studies.
Just as Weed lists the various levels of evidence, The American Psychological Association (APA) went a step further by establishing a task force to judge good evidence for a range of psychological disorders. According to osen and Proctor (2003), as taken from the APA, the most basic criterion used by this task force is that well established and empirically validated data requires a design that involves two or more rigorous studies that support the proposed intervention.

History of EBP

Newly gained interest in EBP makes it appear as a fairly new…...

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References

Bhattacharyya, Suman, B., Dr. (2008). Evidence-Based Medicine and Outcomes

Analysis- An Evaluation. The Indian Association of Medical Informatics.

Retrieved on April, 28, 2009 from  http://www.iami.org.in/journal1/ebmedicine.asp 

Bellamy, J., Bledsoe, S., Mullen, E., Lin F., Manuel, J., (2008). Agency-University partnership for evidence-based practice in social work. Journal of Social Work Education, Fall 2008, 44 (3).

It is however also important to consider the importance of internal individual factors such as the self-confidence levels of nurses. According to Hockenberry, Wilson and Barrera (2006), for example, note that nurses could feel considerably intimidated by the demands of EBP in nursing practice. Their limited knowledge of the research process thus serves as a barrier to its effective implementation.
Furthermore, the authors also raise the management problem, with nurses feeling a lack of power within their environment even if they do believe that they are able to handle the requirements of effective evidence-based practice. This brings the issue of research back to the leadership issue. In addition, nurses often experience a lack of autonomy, authority, and a basic lack of adequate resources to offer excellent patient care. The authors however suggest that overcoming the barriers to effective EBP could lead to increased job satisfaction for nurses.

In this way, improved…...

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References

Drury, Peta. (1998). Barriers to evidence-based nursing care: listen to the clinicians! Retrieved from:  http://www.ciap.health.nsw.gov.au/hospolic/stvincents/stvin98/a9.html 

Hockenberry, Marilyn, Wilson, David, & Barrera Patrick. (2006, Oct.). Implementing Evidence-Based Nursing Practice in a Paediatric Hospital. Medscape Today. Retrieved from:  http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/543728 

Malloch, Kathy & Porter O'Grady, Timothy (2009). Introduction to evidence-based practice in nursing and health care. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Meny, Bernadette Mazurek (2002, March-April). Strategies for overcoming barriers in implementing evidence-based practice. Paediatric Nursing. Retrieved from FindArticles.com.

Evidence-Based Practice
Motor Learning

The purpose of this paper is to discuss current theories, concepts and research involving Motor Learning. The research provides evidence-based information discussing how humans utilize motor-learning throughout the lifespan. The discussion includes stages of motor learning, practice contexts, feedback and use of imagery in motor learning. Also provided is information concerning how people learn who have disabilities resulting from at least two different conditions, Parkinson's which affects motor learning and stroke.

Motor Learning Acquisition

According to Li, Sullivan, Kantak, & Winstein (2007), the capability of acquiring motor learning requires "both cognitive and motor processes" meaning mental processes including the ability to make decisions and plan, and interpret, as well as motor processes including the ability to move muscles and perform mechanical tasks. When an individual can use neurological functions to compute tasks and plan, then these can translate into a motor function. The first step in motor learning is development…...

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References:

Dickstein, R. & Deutsch, J.E. (2007 July). Motor imagery in physical therapy practice.

Physical Therapy, Vol. 87(7): 942.

Hubbard, I.J., Parsons, M.W., Neilson, C., & Carey, L.M. (2009 June). Task-specific training: Evidence for and translation to clinical practice. Occupational Therapy

International. 16(3-4):175-89. Wiley InterScience.

1. Use of current best evidence: Evidence-based practice involves using the most current and relevant research, data, and information to inform decision-making and practice. This includes integrating research findings, client preferences, and clinical expertise.

2. Collaboration and integration: Evidence-based practice promotes collaboration among healthcare professionals, researchers, and clients to ensure that decisions are made based on a holistic understanding of the available evidence and the unique needs of the client.

3. Systematic and transparent process: Evidence-based practice requires a systematic approach to identify, critically appraise, and apply evidence to practice. This process should be transparent, with clear documentation of the sources of....

Key Features of Evidence-Based Practice

1. Integration of Best Available Research Evidence:
Evidence-based practice (EBP) prioritizes the integration of the most up-to-date and relevant research findings into clinical decision-making. This involves systematically searching, evaluating, and synthesizing research evidence to inform practice and improve patient outcomes.

2. Patient-Centered Approach:
EBP emphasizes the importance of considering the individual patient's values, preferences, and circumstances. Practitioners engage in shared decision-making with patients, recognizing that evidence alone cannot fully account for patient-specific factors.

3. Clinical Expertise:
EBP acknowledges the value of clinical expertise and experience in interpreting and applying research evidence. Practitioners combine their knowledge, skills, and experience with research evidence....

1. Integration of best research evidence: Evidence-based practice involves utilizing the most current and relevant research findings to inform clinical decision-making.

2. Patient values and preferences: EBP considers the individual patient's values, preferences, and circumstances when determining the most appropriate course of action.

3. Clinical expertise: EBP recognizes the importance of healthcare professionals' clinical knowledge and experience in guiding care and interventions.

4. Continuous improvement: Evidence-based practice emphasizes the importance of ongoing evaluation and adjustment of treatment approaches based on new evidence and patient outcomes.

5. Accountability and transparency: EBP promotes transparency in decision-making processes and accountability for the quality and effectiveness of care....

Key Features of Evidence-Based Practice

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a systematic approach to healthcare that integrates the best available scientific evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to make informed decisions about patient care. EBP has become increasingly important in modern healthcare due to the exponential growth of medical knowledge and the need to ensure that patients are receiving the most effective and appropriate care.

The key features of EBP include:

1. Integration of Research and Clinical Expertise:

EBP is based on the idea that the best decisions about patient care are made when clinicians consider both the latest scientific evidence and their own....