Evidence-Based Models
While there is a debate regarding the criminalization that is being done to people just because they consume drugs, as of now the whole global community is against the offenders and addicts and wants them reformed or locked away. The reason is that there is a demonstrated relationship between drug abuse and crime, and the use of drugs and the peddling of the drugs have been shown to be the root cause of many violent crimes and domestic violence. Thus the importance given to rehabilitating drug users with intervention programs is not a misconceived notion, and nor is the involvement of the criminal justice system in the costly programs unwarranted. That being so it can be pointed out that for the youth, the intervention is crucial before they set out to become hardened criminals. (Peterson, 2009)
Thus for juvenile offenders it is important that the community based intervention programs are…...
mlaReferences
Brannigan, Augustine. (1997) "Self-Control, Social Control and Evolutionary Psychology:
Towards an Integrated Perspective on Crime." Canadian Journal of Criminology, vol. 39, no. 4, pp: 403-431.
Champion, Dean J. (1994) "Measuring Offender Risk: A Criminal Justice Sourcebook."
Greenwood Press: Westport, CT.
Evidence-Based Models for Substance Abuse Treatment in the Criminal Justice System
The United States currently incarcerates a higher percentage of its citizens than any other industrialized nation in the world. A majority of Americans who are incarcerated were taking drugs or drinking alcohol, or both, during the commission of their crimes, or were actively engaged in substance-abusing behaviors that resulted in their involvement with the criminal justice system. The costs that are associated with incarcerating these millions of convicts each year are staggering, making the need for cost-effective interventions that can help divert substance-abusing nonviolent offenders from the penal system into other, less expensive community-based alternatives. Likewise, from a strictly pragmatic perspective, treating existing substance abuse among prison populations using methods with proven efficacy just makes good business sense. To this end, this paper compares and contrasts two evidence-based substance abuse treatment models that have demonstrated efficacy in the criminal justice…...
mlaReferences
Byrne, M.H., Lander, L. & Ferris, M. (2009). The changing face of opioid addiction:
Prescription pain pill dependence and treatment. Health and Social Work, 34(1), 53-55.
Gondles, E.F. (2010, October). Investing in healthy communities. Corrections Today, 71(5), 6.
Grella, C.E., Hser, Y-I, Teruya, C. & Evans, E. (2005). How can research-based findings be used to improve practice? Perspectives from participants in a statewide outcomes monitoring study. Journal of Drug Issues, 35(3), 469-470.
EBP
Evidence-based practice model
EBP project issue: Obesity
"The prevalence of obesity (BMI > 30) has been increasing; currently; at least 27% of the adult population is obese" (McTigue 2003: vii). Despite being one of the most pervasive health problems in modernity, there is relatively little information on obesity available in the annals of evidence-based medicine. This may be due to the fact that obesity is such a complex and multifactorial disease, without a clear etiology. Perfectly-controlled studies can be difficult to construct. Many different factors can impact a person's ability to maintain a health BMI, spanning from genetics to culture to lifestyle to social and economic factors.
A 2003 evidence-based review of existing studies of obesity in adults found in MEDLINE from January 1, 1994 to July 31, 2001 only found four meeting the relevant criteria of studying persons suffering from obesity. There were no CT (randomized controlled trials, or the 'gold standard'…...
mlaReferences
McTigue, K. (2003 et al.). Screening and interventions for overweight and obesity in adults.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Systematic Evidence Review, 21.
Retrieved: http://www.ahrq.gov/downloads/pub/prevent/pdfser/obesser.pdf
New research findings on evidenced-based approaches to tackle childhood obesity. (2012).
Evidenced-Based Practice - Environment
There are perhaps few environments and professions within which change is both as important and as difficult as it is within health care. While there are many barriers to the change process, there are at least an equal amount of drivers that indicate the necessity for change. In evidence-based practice, nursing practitioners, administration personnel, management personnel, and all involved in the health care profession need to form teams with patients and family members in order to ensure an optimal environment for change. This is not a process that will happen overnight, especially in the hospital and nursing home settings, where recognizing the need for change is often subordinate to more immediate and severe problems such as personnel and funding shortages.
The readiness for change in the hospital and nursing home environment is often subordinate to practical day-to-day challenges, including severe personnel and funding shortages. These create an environment…...
mlaReferences
Current Nursing (2011). Change Theory: Kurt Lewin. Retrieved from: http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/change_theory.html
Dudley-Brown, S. (2012. Challenges and Barriers in Translation. Translation of Evidence Into Nursing and Health Care Practice edited by Kathleen M. White and Sharon Dudley-Brown. New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Pipe, T.B., Wellik, K.E., Buchda, V.L., Hansen, C.M., and Martyn, D.R. (2005). Implementing Evidence-Based Nursing Practice. Urologic Nursing 25(5). Retrieved from: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/514532_5
White, K.M. (2012). Change Theory and Models: Framework for Translation. Translation of Evidence Into Nursing and Health Care Practice edited by Kathleen M. White and Sharon Dudley-Brown. New York: Springer Publishing Co.
During the monitoring phase, it was found that the fatigue levels of cancer patients after treatment were significantly improved. The article suggests that therapies other than exercise, as well as alternative exercise therapies can benefit from further research and refinement. Reaching the stage of Evidence-based practice in the Grove model will therefore be a process of increasingly refined and focused research.
The Virginia Henderson theory of nursing focuses upon the patient and working together with him or her in order to achieve optimal health, or at least to die peacefully. The article is informed by this theory, as it focuses upon helping the patient accomplish a goal, rather than simply providing medications towards the goal.
In providing an exercise regime, the patient is empowered to control his or her energy levels by means of a personal and individual choice. As such, nursing is to help the patient to achieve 14 functions…...
mlaSources
Mitchell, Sandra A., Beck, Susan L., Hood, Linda Edwards, Moore, Katen & Tanner, Ellen R. (2006). Putting Evidence Into Practice: Evidence-Based Interventions for Fatigue During and Following Cancer and Its Treatment. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, Vol. 11, No 1.
"Nursing Theory Page." USD Hahn School of Nursing 2003. / (November 10, 2005).http://www.sandiego.edu/nursing/theory
The evidence base suggests that approaches such as exercise, screening for treatable risk factors, energy conservation and activity management, progressive muscle relaxation, and education and anticipatory guidance are likely to be effective in reducing fatigue. Anticipating which interventions are likely to be effective can assist clinicians in the design of a multi-component fatigue treatment approaches. Clinicians also can use these results to examine their own practices, identifying intervention strategies such as complementary therapies that may be recommended only infrequently for fatigue but still hold the potential to be effective (Mitchell, Beck, Edwards Hood, Moore, and Tanner, 2006).
Evidence-based practice was adopted in a similar format to the Grove's model in the fact that it was developed by studying what works and what doesn't. In order to produce the best outcome for patients it is important to not waste time trying several treatment options unless these options have been studied and…...
mlaReferences
Evidence-Based Nursing. (2008). Retrieved July 7, 2009, from The Joanna Briggs Institute Web
site: http://www.joannabriggs.edu.au/about/eb_nursing.php
Mitchell, Sandra A., Beck, Susan L., Edwards Hood, Linda, Moore, Katen and Tanner, Ellen R.
(2006). Putting Evidence Into Practice: Fatigue During and Following Cancer and Its
Qualitative, meetings and seminars, then questions to ascertain efficacy.
Smallish, 65 in one hospital.
Survey and qualitative observation.
Clear and effective communication goals were met using positive educational interventions.
Longitudinal and sample size.
Good basic, lacks lengthy literature review. Data may be extrapolated, but further work needs to be done using larger, more diverse sample.
Melnyk, B., et.al.
Evidence-based Practice: Step-by-Step Igniting a Spirit of Inquiry.
2009
What is the effectiveness of an evidence-based practice format on collaborative inquiry.
Meta-Analysis and presentation of package.
None other than previous research.
Literature review and meta-analysis.
This is a presentation of a model approach suggested by an experienced nursing professor.
None for type of study.
Strong. Shows nurses how to use knowledge and skills to implement EBP consistently as part of the best practices of contemporary nursing care.
Nadzan, D. And Westergaard, F.
Pediatric Safety in the Emergency Department
2008
What are the basic risk factors in contemporary neonatal medicine?
Meta-Analysis and literature review.
Thirteen studies and previous recommendations
Commission update and policy recommendation
Risk factors…...
Evidence-Based Practices When Working With Clients
Evidence-based practice is a concept that emerged in the field of medicine to help lessen mistakes or errors during treatment. This concept seeks to do so through ensuring clinical decisions are grounded on the best available research evidence. Since its emergence, the concept of evidence-based practice has become common in the medical field and is constantly used to help improve patient outcomes. The tremendous success of this concept in medicine is attributable to its integration of the best available research evidence, clinical judgment and expertise, and patient preferences and values.
Given its success in the field of medicine, evidence-based practice is being imported into the field of psychology (Lilienfeld, 2014). This trend emerges from the need for clinicians to utilize the most suitable and effective mechanisms to improve their clients' outcomes. Current evidence postulates that utilizing interventions that have been shown to work with certain symptomology…...
EBP
NEW MODELS FO EVIDENCE-BASED PACTICE a professional goal DNP-prepared nurses produce evidence-based models care develop evidence-based guidelines. As continue develop DNP Project Premise engage EBP Project, aim mind.
Evidence-based practice
As a nurse practitioner who works in a diverse range of settings spanning from hospitals to nursing homes to clinics, evidence-based practice is part of my daily routine. Virtually all of the facilities at which I work prioritize evidence-based practice given that the facilities' scarce resources means that time, energy, and money cannot be wasted on untested treatments or treatments based merely upon 'hunches.' Evidence-based practice is based upon demonstrated benefits from particular approaches to patient care in recent literature. I strive to remain current in my own knowledge of EBP, frequently reviewing nursing journals and articles online as well as the websites of professional associations so I am aware of new treatments, approaches, and evidence of what works and what does…...
mlaReferences
ACE Health Star Model. (2013). University of Texas Health Center San Antonio. Retrieved:
NUSING Nursing: PICO(T) Questions and An Evidence-Based ApproachThe importance of the PICOT question cannot be underestimated since it is a standard mechanism to determine the specific terms that form a question, for which answers are obtained through evidence-based research. The search strategy has to be systematic to gain effective results, and the results would be transformed into positive patient outcomes afterward. This paper examines a certain PICOT question and the pertinent evidence for applying an evidence-based model to improve the outcomes.PICOT Elements and QuestionPatient/population/problem (P): Adult hospitalized patientsIntervention (I): Low nurse-patient ratioComparison (C): High nurse-patient ratiosOutcomes (O): Patient outcomes and satisfaction scoresTime frame (T): Not relevantHence the PICO(T) question becomes:Among adult hospitalized patients, what is the impact of a low nurse-patient ratio compared to a high nurse-patient ratio for impacting patient outcomes and satisfaction scores?Evidence to Support the PICOT QuestionNurse-patient ratio leads to improved or deteriorated patient conditions, which could…...
mlaReferencesFagerstrom, L., Kinnunen, M. & Saarela, J. (2018). Nursing workload, patient safety incidents, and mortality: An observational study from Finland. BMJ Open, 8. I.A., Nassar, N., Nizam, M., Badr, L.K. (2018). Evidence on nurse staffing ratios and patient outcomes in a low-income country: Implications for future research and practice. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 15(5), 353-360. Twigg, D.E., Whitehead, L., Doleman, G. & El-Zaemey, S. (2021). The impact of nurse staffing methodologies on nurse and patient outcomes: A systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77, 4599-4611. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14909.Zhu, X., Zheng, J., Liu, K. & You, L. (2019). Rationing of nursing care and its relationship with nurse staffing and patient outcomes: The mediation effect tested by structural equation modeling. International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101672 .https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016367 .Kuoatly,
evidence-based practice use in nursing for making decisions using evidences to provide care to patients. This assignment has highlighted five main principles of EBP. These principles should be considered while implementing EBP. Moreover, there are certain challenges and barriers in implementing EBP. This assignment focused on strategies for implementing EBP.
Introduction of evidence-based practice to the workplace:
Changing the accepted confirmation of an NG (nasogastric) tube
Currently, I am employed at a medical and geriatric unit in a rehabilitation hospital. The unit is such that the majority of the nurses (60%) have over ten years' experience of practice. Thus the nurses on the unit are highly-trained professions who are extremely competent at their jobs. However, nurses of this level of experience are also often extremely change-resistant. Due to the level of the morale on the unit, nurses are often reluctant to alter the standard operating procedures with which they have become familiar…...
mlaReferences
Earley, T. (2005) Using pH testing to confirm nasogastric tube position. Nursing Times,
101 (38):26 -- 28. Retrieved:
Kotter's 8-step change model. (2013). Mind Tools. Retrieved:
Evidence-Based Solution to educing Incidence
The goal of this assignment is to increase my ability to appraise and synthesize evidence to provide experience a logical argument in support of a proposal for practice change, and to provide experience in designing a detailed implementation and evaluation plan for my project. I need to discuss my project plan with you.
An evidence-based solution to reducing incidence of hospital acquired infections through indwelling medical devices
Hospital-acquired or nosocomial infections are the fourth leading cause of disease in developed countries. The increased insertion and implanting of prosthetic or indwelling medical devices is a leading cause of these infections since the introduction of a foreign body significantly reduces the body's immunity and decreases the number of bacteria needed to produce an infection. Prosthetic or indwelling medical devices such as urethral catheters, suprapublic catheter, nasogastric tubes, hemodialysis catheters, central venous catheters, and tracheostomy tubes are associated with higher…...
mlaReferences
Chambless, J.D., Hunt, S.M., & Stewart, P.S. (2006). A three-dimensional computer model of four hypothetical mechanisms protecting biofilms from antimicrobials. Appl Environ Microbiol, 72(3), 2005-2013. doi: 10.1128/aem.72.3.2005-2013.2006
Chu, V.H., Crosslin, D.R., Friedman, J.Y., Reed, S.D., Cabell, C.H., Griffiths, R.I., . . . Fowler, V.G., Jr. (2005). Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in patients with prosthetic devices: costs and outcomes. Am J. Med, 118(12), 1416. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.06.011
Cookson, S.T., Ihrig, M., O'Mara, E.M., Denny, M., Volk, H., Banerjee, S.N., . . . Jarvis, W.R. (1998). Increased bloodstream infection rates in surgical patients associated with variation from recommended use and care following implementation of a needleless device. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 19(1), 23-27.
Digiovine, B., Chenoweth, C., Watts, C., & Higgins, M. (1999). The attributable mortality and costs of primary nosocomial bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit. Am J. Respir Crit Care Med, 160(3), 976-981. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.160.3.9808145
.. If one of the goals of the healthcare system is to promote health and prevent illness and injury, it may be logical to start with those who work in the system." (Yassi, Ostry, Spiegel, and Walsh, 2002, p.1)
Presently the healthcare environment is characterized by nurse shortages of 25% of the entire nursing force. It is held that the working conditions along with job stress negatively impact the nursing force and its turnover rate. Injuries are also reported by nursing staff. It is likely that the nursing shortage is the number one challenge in today's healthcare provision. The negative work environment negatively impacts the nursing professional and their decision to either leave or to potentially fail altogether to enter the profession.
Naturally when there is a shortage of any type of professional worker some area suffers their absence and when this concept is applied in the field of healthcare provision it…...
mlaBibliography
Institute of Medicine. Performance Measurement: Accelerating Improvement. Washington DC: National Academy Press; 2006.
Institute of Medicine. Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington DC: National Academy Press; 2001.
Lewis Patricia S. And Latney, Cynthia (2003) Achieve Best Practice With an Evidence-Based Approach. Critical Care Nurse. Vol. 23. No. 6 December 2003. Online available at: http://ccn.aacnjournals.org/cgi/reprint/23/6/67.pdf
Rundall, K. (2002) Evidence-Based Management in Healthcare: Lessons from Clinical Practice. Academy for Health Services Research and Health Policy. Meeting. Abstr Acad Health Serv Res Health Policy Meet. 2002; 19: 20. Manchester Centre for Healthcare Management, Manchester Business School University of Manchester, Devonshire House, University Precinct Centre, Oxford Road,, Manchester,
Facilitating Change to Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing: The Iowa and Stetler Models
The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice
Developed by Marita Titler to promote quality healthcare, the Iowa Model is a source of guidance for nurses and clinicians when making decisions that have an impact on patient outcomes. It infuses research into practice by using a multidisciplinary team approach to address a number of topics that are clinically important (Melryk and Overholt, 2011). This model is represented as an algorithm that has well-defined feedback loops as well as decision points. The very first decision has got to do with whether a particular problem is a priority to an organization and the second decision considers how adequate the evidence is to change practice. After the conduction of a pilot of change, on the basis of the available evidence, subsequent decisions are made on whether to adopt it or not, which is followed by…...
mlaReferences
Melryk, B. M & Overholt, E.F. (2011). Evidence-based Practice in Nursing & Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Schaffer, M.A., Kristin E.S. & Diedrick, L. (2013). Evidence-based practice models for organizational change: overview and practical applications. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 69(5). Retrieved 15th January 2015 from http://www.marianjoylibrary.org/Nursing/journalclub/documents/Evidence_based_au.pdf
SYSTEMS THEOY vs. DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION THEOY
EVIDENCED-BASED PACTICE
Systems theory and diffusion of innovation theory
Systems theory and healthcare delivery in the U.S.
According to theorist Ludwig von Bertalanffy, it is essential to view organisms -- both living and man-made -- as functional systems in a holistic sense to understand their true nature. This principle is manifested in the human body and also the organizations which provide healthcare. "A complex adaptive system is a collection of individual agents with freedom to act in ways that are not always totally predictable, and whose actions are interconnected so that one agent's actions changes the context for other agents. Examples include the immune system, a colony of termites, the financial market, and just about any collection of humans (for example, a family, a committee, or a primary healthcare team)" (Plsek & Greenhalgh 2001: 625).
Complex systems, such as the healthcare delivery system, have 'fuzzy' boundaries in the…...
mlaReferences
Bryant, R. (2010). Extending the reach of nursing knowledge and innovation. Nursing and Health Policy Perspectives. International Nursing Review, 57(4), 406.
Retrieved from CINAL at doi:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2010.00864.x
Fitzgerald, L. (2002 et al.). Interlocking interactions, the diffusion of innovations in health care.
Human Relations 55(12) 1429-1449. Retrieved from Google Scholar:
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