ut though Indian resistance was strong Native Americans didn't have effective military organization and Europeans used the tactics of total warfare. Knowing enemy's superiority Indians unleashed guerilla wars but they didn't have any chance to win as they were not united. That was the main reason of Native Americans' failure. Colonists played various Indian tribes against one another as Colin G. Calloway wrote and this Roman strategy succeeded. Very few Native Americans realized this threat but they could do nothing: they all were sentenced to death in the battle against own brothers or colonists. It is worth mentioning that warfare influenced both European and Indian military tactics: "Europeans showed Indians that survival depended on securing and using guns; Indians taught Europeans that success in American warfare demanded adapting to the American environment." ut every smart person knows that war is always evil whatever it is waged for. Military pressure…...

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Bibliography

Colin G. Calloway, New Worlds for All: Indians, Europeans, and the Remaking of Early America Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998

Colin G. Calloway, New Worlds for All: Indians, Europeans, and the Remaking of Early America (Johns Hopkins University Press,1998), 10.

Colin G. Calloway, New Worlds for All: Indians, Europeans, and the Remaking of Early America (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 15.

Colin G. Calloway, New Worlds for All: Indians, Europeans, and the Remaking of Early America (Johns Hopkins University Press,1998), 33.

European colonies across the world and their relationships with the natives and competing colonial powers.
Development of European colonies throughout non-European territories began in the 15th century, and perhaps even earlier. For European explorers, their motivation was likely a combination of human curiosity, pursuit of adventure, and a possible economic payoff for discovering new trade routes. Such motivations typically compelled European explorers like Amerigo Vespucci, Magellan, Columbus, and others, to seek out undiscovered lands, peoples, and potential profits.

In particular, European colonization of non-European territories, in areas like the New World (now the Americas); Alaska; and Africa, permitted countries like Spain; Portugal; Italy; Great Britain; Holland, Russia, and various others, sometimes at the same time, to lay claim to foreign territories, and their indigenous peoples (often, as with the Spanish, in the guise of religion). Colonization by one European power also often led to competition from others; increasingly, nations like (for…...

Colonization
European Colonization

Father Bartolome de Las Casas

Father Bartolome de Las Casas is one of the most prominent advocates of the Cuban indigenous people. He actually owned slaves himself at one point, yet he set his own slaves free and renounced the practice. He also joined the Dominican order of Christianity and protested against the cruel and unusual punishment that the indigent people had suffered. He was especially against the practice of encomienda which is to trade a life for other material possessions. He wrote:

"The Indies were discovered in 1492. In the following year a great many Spaniards went there with the intention of settling the land. Thus, forty-nine years have passed since the first settlers penetrated the land, the first so claimed being the large and most happy isle called Hispaniola, which is six hundred leagues in circumference…And all the land so far discovered is a beehive of people; it is…...

And for example, in 1910 one group of Islanders "...gave 10,000 coconuts to their island neighbours and an additional 3,000 to the Papuan Industries Limited for a new church rather than selling" the coconuts, according to Lui-Chivizhe. Meanwhile, in the 1930s, control of the pearl boats was taken over by government administrators, who controlled "earnings of the Islanders who worked the boats," Lui-Chivizhe writes. When the Islanders didn't work fast enough or hard enough to suit the administrators, the Islanders were punished. Eventually, the Islanders not only lost the right to control their production, the government of Queensland "introduced a nightly curfew and a permit system to control Islander movement between the Islands."

Eventually, those restrictions were eased, and more recently, things have not been quite as repressive. "Even though the social and political organizational context for our lives has changed with European arrival in the region," Lui-Chivizhe concludes, "the future…...

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Bibliography - List of References

Beckett, Jeremy 2000, 'Chapter 3: Colonial Occupation,' Humanities Department Central

Queensland University, Retrieved July 20, 2006 at  http://humanities.cqu.edu.au/abtorres/tsiwww/course/module/chap3/chap3.htm .

COAG, 2006, 'Indigenous Issues: Generational Commitment,' Council of Australian

Governments' Meeting 14 July 2006. Retrieved July 20, 2006, at  http://www.coag.gov.au/meetings/140706/index.htm#indigenous .

"Some also do grudge at the great increase of people in these days, thinking a necessary brood of cattle far better than a superfluous augmentation of mankind" (Harrison 1586). One way to ease the situation was to induce or force some to settle in the new territories. They would become the workforce in the colonies and reduce the problem back home at the same time. "These petty thieves might be condemned for certain years in the western parties" as indentured servants to provide hard labor and menial tasks (Hakluyt 1584). This was not only an attractive concept for the privileged classes but also for many of the poor or disadvantaged. In the society they left behind they had little hope of ever improving their circumstances. The hardships and threats they would face in the new world were worth the risk for the chance to improve their condition. Many, however,…...

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Bibliography

Frethorne, John. "Letter to His Parents." Indentured Servitude. www.digitalhistory.uh.edu, 1623.

Fumas, J. The Americas: A Social History of the United States. New York: Putnam, 1969.

Hakluyt, R. "Reading 2." Motivations for English Colonization. www.digitalhistory.uh.edu, 1584.

Harrison, W. "Reading 1." Motivations for English Colonization. www.digitalhistory.uh.edu, 1586.

Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq were all "constructed" as "imperial conveniences for France and ritain" (Gause, 444). And so, when the ritish and French were authoritative landlords, places like Kuwait (a ritish "protectorate" until 1961) were safe from outside interference. ut once ritain was long gone from Kuwait, Hussein had his chance to move in and he did, until the U.S. And its allies pushed him out in 1991.
Conclusion: After WWI, the winners divided up the Ottoman Empire, and that was the origin of the country of Iraq. The history of the Middle East -- beginning in the 19th Century and continuing today -- is shaped by outside forces, by colonialism, war, greed, and cultural conflicts. An alert reader can see why the invasion of Iraq by the U.S. In 2003 was star-crossed in the first place, and why ritain and the U.S. are hated so fiercely by the…...

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Bibliography

Gause, Gregory F. 1992, 'Sovereignty, Statecraft and Stability in the Middle East', Journal of International Affairs, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 441-460.

Gillen, Paul, and Ghosh, Devleena, 2007, Colonialism & Modernity, University of New South Wales (UNSW), UNSW Press: Sydney, Australia.

Nieuwenhuijze, Chritoffel Anthonie Olivier. 1971. Sociology of the Middle East: A Stocktaking and Interpretation. Brill Archive: Boston, MA.

Public Broadcast Service. 2008. 'Kuwait: Country Profile', retrieved March 15, 2011, from  http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/kuwait605/profile.html .

" (nd) the conception of Ringrose is one that was based upon "family, clan, and community allegiances. The links in such a network are stated to have resulted from "individual decisions and, in the aggregate, they constituted the inter-city transactions that, described collectively, allow us to identify urban networks." (nd)
II. GLOAL EXPANSION of CHINA

Ringrose relates that the same process is observable in the history in Ming China. The community schools were only nominal providers of education and "were subverted by local elites in a predictable way." (nd) However, in sixteenth century China central authority was not nearly as overwhelming in affairs that were local resulting in these schools being transformed by elites into "academies that provided the training necessary to pass the Imperial Civil Service examination." (Ringrose, nd) Not only did bureaucracy become more acknowledging of local dynamics in communities but also resulting was the construction of "commercial and political…...

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Bibliography

Europeans Abroad, 1400-1700: Strangers in Not-so-Strange Lands" Online available at http://www.iga.ucdavis.edu/Research/All-UC/conferences/2006-fall/Ringrose.pdf

Zurndorfer, Harriet T. (nd) Cotton Textiles and Ming/Qing China in the Global Economy (1500-1840) Online available at  http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/economicHistory/GEHN/GEHNPDF/PUNEZurndorfer.pdf 

Frank, Andre Gunder. 1998. ReOrient: The Silver Age in Asia and the World Economy (Berkeley: University of California Press)

Pikerman, Allen (2002) the Iberian Golden Age: European Expansion, Exploration and Colonization 1400-1650. 2002. Online available at http://history-world.org/iberian_golden_age.htm

His analysis is therefore a direct investigation of the contact between the two cultural identities and their specific characteristics.
As opposed to this, Cronon uses an indirect argumentation to demonstrate the differences between the two cultures. He starts his discussion from a critique of Thoreau's view on the origins of the American civilization. Thoreau first advocated that the American land was a virgin territory when it was in the hands of the Indian-Americans. He thus contrasts at the same time the ecosystems and the economic policies of the Natives and the Colonists, focusing his argumentation of the external aspects of the two cultures rather than on the inner, spiritual cores of these cultures, like Axtell. His main thesis is that the Western colonizers brought with them the concept of "property" which is the main culprit for the subsequent radical changes in the ecosystems of the country: "English property systems encouraged…...

political framework of EU and OCT
European Union (EU) and Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) are in association with each other via a system which is based on the provisions of part IV of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU), consisting of detailed rules and measures which are laid down in the document issued on 27th November 2001 title Oversees Association Decision. The expiry date of this association decision is 31st December 2013. Stress has been laid down by the European Council in its conclusions issued on 22nd December 2009 that the relationship between OCT and EU should continuously be updated in order to reflect latest developments not only in EU and OCT but thorough out the world. The commission has also been encouraged to make revisions to the Overseas Association Decision and present it in front of the council prior to July 2012 (Hill et al.,…...

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References

Agnew John, "Geopolitics re-vision world politics," Routledge Taylor & Francies Group, pp 1-5

Alan Taylor, American Colonies: New York: Viking, 2001, pp. 57 -- 8.

Baldwin, David. Ed. Neo-Realism And Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate, New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.

Balzacq, T. (Ed.). Understanding securitization theory. The design and evolution of security problems. Oxon: Routledge, 2010.

Unlike the French, most English and Spanish conquerors believed that it was abnormal for one to worship in any other way that was not Christian. The French managed to live along side of the Huron tribes, making it possible for Huron tradition to exist in the present. In contrast, the Spanish and the English imposed their cultural values on the people they conquered, to the point where they were assimilated and were left with no cultural identity other than the one that was forced on them (Sayre 131).

The aftermath of European expansion in America is still felt today, through the fact that most of the continent speaks English, French, and Spanish, in accordance with the three major nations that conquered territories on the continent. The fact that the Native American population presently living in America is very small in comparison to people of other races is largely owed to the…...

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Works cited:

1. Sayre, Gordon M. Les Sauvages Americains: Representations of Native Americans in French and English Colonial Literature (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1997).

Essay Topic Examples
1. The Impact of Spanish Colonization on Indigenous Societies in eru:
    This essay topic would explore the profound effects Spanish colonization had on the indigenous populations of eru, from the initial encounter and subsequent conquests to the cultural, social, and demographic shifts that occurred. An examination of colonization policies, such as the encomienda and mita, and their long-term implications on indigenous communities and cultures could also be included.

2. The Evolution of Colonial Economy in eru: From Encomienda to Hacienda:
    An exploration of the economic systems that emerged in colonial eru, tracing the transition from the encomienda system, where indigenous people were entrusted to colonizers for labor, to the hacienda system, a form of large landholding. The essay would analyze the economic motivations of colonization and how natural resources and forced labor shaped the colonial economy.

3. Catholicism and its Role in the Spanish Colonization of eru:
    This topic focuses on the religious…...

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Primary Sources

Garcilaso de la Vega, Inca. Comentarios reales de los incas. Editorial Porrúa, 1969.

Cieza de León, Pedro de. Crónica del Perú. Editorial Atlas, 1984.

Pizarro, Pedro. Relación del descubrimiento y conquista de los reinos del Perú. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Instituto Riva-Agüero, 1978.

Murúa, Martín de. Historia general del Perú, origen y descendencia de los Incas. Biblioteca de Autores Españoles, 2001.

Guaman Poma de Ayala, Felipe. El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno. Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 1980.

Colonization vs. Anti-Slavery
The question asked for this brief report is whether the wants and demands of the pro-colonial folks and the anti-slavery folks that existed during the early days of the United States both had their demands and preferences met as far as end outcomes and such. The answer is "yes" but it did not really start until the Civil War, went a lot further in the 1960's and in some way continues to this very day. However, both parties should be at least fairly happy with the end outcome as slavery is gone and America is completely developed and "colonized" for all intents and purposes.

Slavery certainly didn't start with the United States as many European colonies and countries around the world used the practice and Great Britain in pre-United States history was certainly on exception. This continued even after the creation of the United States in the 1770's and…...

1415 Euopeans began a long pocess of expansion though impeial conquest and colonization. This ealy moden fom of impeialism continued up to the late eighteenth o ealy nineteenth centuy. Explain how and why the vaious Euopean powes expanded beyond thei oiginal bodes and in many instances beyond the continent. Be sue to distinguish between at least thee of the pincipal Euopean impeial powes, among which wee the Potuguese, Spanish, Bitish, Fench, Dutch, and Russians.
Thee wee many factos that caused Euopean powes to expand beyond thei oiginal bodes and, in many instances, beyond the continent.

One of these was simply colonization whee one county battled anothe and claimed its teitoy as its own. Anothe facto was tade whee the tade dealings of specific counties bought them into contact with anothe and, theeby impoted thei influence into foeign soil. The slave tade too was a contibutoy facto whee people fom one poweful…...

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references

Jiu-Hwa Upshur (2012) World History Wadsworth; comprehensive, compact 5th edition)

John M. Cohen (1969) The Four Voyages, Penguin: UK

Founding European Colonies in the New World
Founding of European Colonies in the New World

The New World was not founded over night. It was, in fact, a very laborious period where several European colonies worked for centuries to secure a new spot in a virgin territory, filled with natural resources the continent of Europe had never seen before. Early struggles and hardships eventually led to successful colonies which, over time, developed into their own autonomous nations.

There were a number of events which led to the early development of European colonies in the context of the New World. Essentially, some of the greatest navy developments in Europe took place during this time period. Countries like Spain and Portugal began building up their navy in an attempt to hold greater competitive advantage over their other European counter parts. There were a number of wars and conflicts during the period, where several European nations…...

This viewpoint was the justification for global colonization, the enslavement of numerous groups of indigenous people, and the massive enforcement of certain religions (such as Christianity) on different peoples throughout the world. There are a couple of interesting facts in denoting the contemporary view of this subject among the Western world. The U.S. was the only country surveyed in which more people still adhered to the belief that their culture was better than that of other civilizations and countries. All of the European countries have apparently abandoned this notion, or at the very least have more people who disbelieve the fact that they are culturally superior to others than those who do. Germany is nearly evenly divided on this subject (No author, 2011).
The category in which the U.S.'s views on autonomy are most prevalent is that in which compares the values of individualism vs. The importance of a state…...

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References

No author. (2011). "American exceptionalism subsides: the American-Western European values gap." PewResearchCenter. Retrieved from  http://www.pewglobal.org/2011/11/17/the-american-western-european-values-gap/

1. The Struggle for Autonomy: The Impact of British Colonial Policies on Colonial Identity

Discuss the British policies that restricted colonial autonomy, such as the Navigation Acts and the Stamp Act.
Analyze how these policies fostered a sense of collective grievance and the desire for independence.
Examine the ways in which colonists resisted British control through boycotts, protests, and the formation of political organizations.

2. The Economic Foundations of the American Colonies: Agriculture, Trade, and Manufacturing

Describe the various agricultural practices and products that formed the backbone of the colonial economy.
Trace the development of trade networks between the colonies and....

I. Introduction
A. Brief explanation of the concept of American culture
B. Thesis statement: American culture is a unique blend of diverse customs, traditions, and values that have shaped and influenced society for centuries.

II. Historical Background
A. Overview of the origins of American culture
B. Exploration of Native American influences
C. Discussion of European colonization and its impact on culture

III. Cultural Diversity
A. Examination of the melting pot theory and its role in American culture
B. Analysis of immigrant contributions and their effect on American identity
C. Discussion of multiculturalism and how it has shaped American culture

IV. Values and Beliefs
....

1. The cultivation and consumption of tobacco from the 1500s to the 1800s evolved from a sacred ritual among Native Americans to a globally traded commodity, significantly impacting economic, social, and cultural landscapes. This transformation was driven by European colonization, which introduced tobacco to new markets, leading to its widespread cultivation and the establishment of tobacco as a cash crop in regions like Virginia and the Caribbean.

2. From the 1500s to the 1800s, tobacco's role shifted from a medicinal herb to a luxury item and then to a staple of social interaction, reflecting changes in its cultivation methods, trade routes,....