Ethnocentrism
In this case, there is some ethnocentrism at work and the restaurant is just an expression of that. The reality is that only a crazy person would blow off a business deal on account of a restaurant not serving horse. French people do not actually eat a lot of it, and they know that American restaurants do not serve it. So the cheval blowup sounds like a pretext to bail on the deal. However, the client did display a certain amount of ethnocentrism in his rant, and his discomfort with America and our way of doing things in general might have been the catalyst for the deal going south.

So while in this case the client demonstrates a high degree of ethnocentrism in his rant about American hospitality, it was directed more at the totality of the experience than the lack of horse on the menu. The client had to know…...

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References

Sing-Toomey, S. (1994). Managing intercultural conflicts effectively. Intercultural Communication. Retrieved May 6, 2014 from  https://www.ohrd.wisc.edu/home/Portals/0/ManagingInterculturalConflicts.pdf

Ethnocentrism
Even in the most democratic of the Western capitalist nations, equal rights were not extended to all individuals until fairly recent times. acism and ethnocentrism were built into the world political and economic system, and authoritarian forms of government remained the norm well into the 20th Century. Defining ethnocentrism is not necessarily as simple a matter as it might appear to be at first sight, however. This tendency to ascribe negative characteristics to those of other colors, cultures, languages and religions has hardly been unusual in history, and is by no means confined to the Western capitalist powers. Even after the end of feudalism in the West in the early modern period, ethnocentrism and racism continued in new forms, even if the labor system was no longer as violent and coercive as slavery or serfdom. Slave labor was generally relegated to the colonies and the periphery, including ussia and the…...

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REFERENCE LIST

Eisenstein, Z.R. (2004). Against Empire: Feminism, Racism, and the West. Zed Books.

Mies, M. (1998). Patriarchy and Accumulation on the World Scale: Women in the International Division of Labour.

Ethnocentrism
This incidence shows that The New York Times did a responsible job of reporting the Danish point-of-view. In Denmark, it is not uncommon at all for parents to leave their babies outside for the reasons outlined by the commentator. What is ironic and interesting, however, is the fact that the commentator forgot to mention that Americans are also paranoid -- perhaps rightfully so -- about safety. In this case, the child protective services might have been more concerned for the safety of the child in terms of its being kidnapped or worse. The exposure to the elements is a relatively minor concern, but the Danish commentary shows that such types of violence are almost unheard of in Danish culture.

The concerned citizens of the city actually did the right thing by calling the authorities and alerting child protective services. The parents may have been unaware that the United States is a…...

Ethnocentrism Analysis Paper This paper explores ethnocentrism in all its manifestations, including the stages, i.e., denial, defense, and limiting cultural differences. It also highlights the strategies needed to change an individual into a culturally competent person.
Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism refers to an individual's tendency to prioritize their race, culture, or ethnic persuasions and use them as their thinking foundations. Northouse ( 2013, pp. 384) contends that everyone harbors some ethnocentrism in one way or another. Dr. Milton Bennet developed the Developmental Model for intercultural Sensitivity. In six stages, the model describes a continuum of attitudes focused on cultural differences. It aims at moving from the ethnocentric point of denial and minimization to acceptance, adaptation, and integration. Bennet describes ethnocentrism as a mindset or attitude that presumes that one's view is superior and often oblivious of other possible and existing views.
On the other hand, ethnorelativism does not judge other people basing on their culture. It…...

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References

Ashoka. (2013). Why underprivileged employers need to employ the \\'unemployable\\' – Forbes. Retrieved from  

Bennett, M. (1993). A Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity.\\" Derived from: Bennett, Milton J. \\"Towards a Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity\\" in R. Michael Paige, ed. Education for the Intercultural Experience. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.

Guérin-Marion, C., Manion, I., & Parsons, H. (2018). Leading an intergenerational workforce: An integrative conceptual framework. International Journal of Public Leadership, 14(1), 48–58

Mercer, J. (2015). Understanding your own ethnocentrism. Retrieved from  https://sites.psu.edu/global/2015/01/25/understanding-your-own-ethnocentrism/ 

Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks: SAGE

Sugiyama, K., Cavanagh, K. V., van Esch, C., Bilimoria, D., & Brown, C. (2016). Inclusive leadership development: Drawing from pedagogies of women\\'s and general leadership development programs. Journal of Management Education,40(3), 253–292

Sugiyama, K., Cavanagh, K. V., van Esch, C., Bilimoria, D., & Brown, C. (2016). Inclusive leadership development: Drawing from pedagogies of women\\'s and general leadership development programs. Journal of Management Education, 40(3), 253–292.

http://www.forbes.com/sites/ashoka/2013/08/12/why-underprivileged-employers-need-to-employ-the-unemployable/ 

Kennedy's Catholicism created the symbolic link between political ambition, leadership, and, for years, helped to maintain the link between America's moral and political identity (Billett, 1995). It allowed the stereotypical image of Americans as "the people" who were represented by their duly elected political leaders, long after those political leaders ceased to even maintain the pretense of being one of "the people." The "Camelot" years, as Kennedy's presidency was romanticized, has only in recent years been identified as consistent with other presidencies in American history; the dominant elite and the counter elite (Adrain, 1973, p. 30). However, Kennedy's presidency, and his untimely assassination, served as the symbol of how Americans saw themselves in their political system.
Culture Shock

For many years, Kennedy was not mentioned in conversations about the most controversial and debated events in American history; the Vietnam conflict. Kennedy reigned as a symbol of American values, and he avoided…...

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References

Adrian, C.R. (1973). American Politics Reappraised: The Enchantment of Camelot Dispelled. New York: McGraw-Hill. Retrieved April 8, 2008, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=10393799 

Billiet, J.B. (1995). Church Involvement, Ethnocentrism, and Voting for a Radical Right-Wing Party: Diverging Behavioral Outcomes of Equal Attitudinal Dispositions. Sociology of Religion, 56(3), 303-326. Retrieved April 8, 2008, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=97820584 

Gathercole, P. & Lowenthal, D. (Eds.). (1994). The Politics of the Past. New York: Routledge. Retrieved April 8, 2008, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=105546189 

Lain, C.B. (2007). Deciding Death. Duke Law Journal, 57(1), 1+. Retrieved April 8, 2008, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5024218717

Ethnocentric
Ethnocentrism is when one judges another culture by the standards of their own culture (Cherry, 2014). Prejudice is when one has a preconceived opinion for which there is no factual or experiential basis. In this case, the department head is being prejudiced. His decision is based on assumptions that he is making about the friend, in particular that he is lazy. This is a notion about Jamaicans that exists mostly because of impressions people have of their culture, most of which come from entertainment -- the rasta stereotype -- or from people's vacations at the beach.

The point about the accent being difficult to understand might sound like ethnocentrism, but this is more of a smokescreen than a genuine complaint. It is a feeble excuse to rule somebody out of a position for which they are otherwise qualified, and that comes down to prejudice, not a genuine concern over communication --…...

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References

Cherry, K. (2014). What is ethnocentrism? About.com. Retrieved May 6, 2014 from  http://psychology.about.com/od/eindex/fl/What-Is-Ethnocentrism.htm

Ethnocentrism and Understanding Cultures
Ethnocentrism can create difficulties when we seek a better understanding of another culture because it causes us to view the other culture from the perspective of our culture's values. For instance, in the West, we value independence and comfort and status -- but in the East, for example, in China, the culture is geared more towards valuing honor, duty, learning, and commitment to one's community/family. Status (such as the sporting of luxury brands) is not as important to common people there because they do not have the same consumer culture that we in the West have. They have thousands of years of history behind them that comes from a different philosophical system and their nation, even though parts have been industrialized, still remains largely rural. The West, on the other hand, has led the world in terms of Industrialization and is committed to a consumerist culture, viewing…...

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References

Voigt, K. (2012, November 21). What do Chinese consumers want? Not Barbie. CNN.

Retrieved from  http://edition.cnn.com/2012/11/21/business/china-consumers-barbie/

" (Monaghan & Just, 2000, p. 49)
An extreme example of cultural relativity and the possible moral issues that it might raise, is the practice of female circumcision in many East African societies. From a western cultural perspective, this practice is ethically and morally unacceptable. However, when considered form the vantage point of the societies in question and their specific cultural norms and values, the practice takes on another dimension.

It is easy to see this practice as violating basic human rights and equally easy to be moved to work for its suppression. On the other hand, doing so would be a fundamental violation of the cultural autonomy of the people who practise this ritual. Moreover, when, as cognitive relativism dictates, we view the practise in the context of cultural theories regarding sexuality, reproduction, gender, and the life cycle, we may find,...that female circumcision participates with male circumcision in a rich set…...

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Bibliography

Answers.com. [

  8 May 2005].http://www.answers.com/topic/ethnocentrism .[Accessed

Barger K. (2004) [Internet] Available at   7 May 2005].http://www.iupui.edu/~anthkb/ethnocen.htm [Accessed

Ethnocentrism [Internet] Encyclopedia.com. Available at   8 May 2005].http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/e1/ethnocen.asp .[Accessed

Post on acism and Ethnocentrism in Modern Media
A recent television advertisement for Coca-Cola aired for the first time during the Super Bowl. It was intended to be a recognition of multiculturalism and to tie in the product to one of the quintessential American values: namely, the melting-pot element of American society that enabled all of our ancestors to immigrate and begin new lives in the United States in the 19th and 20th centuries. Instead, the commercial inspired a nasty reaction from the so-called "conservatives" of the radial and extreme ight Wing of American politics and punditry. The ad was very simple in concept but important in its message: it featured individuals from many races, cultures, ethnicities (and even one gay couple) all singing along to the song America the Beautiful. In the 21st century, one would think (and hope) that such a commercial would be well received and appreciated for…...

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Reference

Day, P.K. (2014). Coca-Cola Super Bowl ad stirs controversy. Los Angeles Times (February 3, 2014). Retrieved online:

 http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/showtracker/la-et-st-coca-cola-super-bowl-ad-stirs-controversy-20140203,0,1361331.story#axzz2tRMUJUAz 

Every year, there's always one Super Bowl ad that generates a bit of next-day controversy. And this year's ad appears to be Coca-Cola's "It's Beautiful" ad.

The one-minute ad features children and adults from all walks of life, from across the country, singing "America the Beautiful" in multiple languages. Seems fairly straight-forward, right? Not like the infamous Bar Refaeli Go Daddy ad from last year that featured the Israeli

International Marketing
What factors contributed to Euroisney's poor performance during its first year of operation? What factors contributed to Hong King isney's poor performance during its fiscal year?

There are a wide variety of factors that contributed to Euroisney's poor performance during its first year of operation, spanning the spectrum of social, political and economic. One of the most significant was the backlash over the overt American ethnocentrism of the parks' attractions, market messaging, characters and approach to marketing the location across Europe (Curwen, 1995). Compounding this was the lack of cultural empathy that isney showed in how they created, staffed and managed the park once opened as well (Yue, 2009). Hong Kong isneyland had poor performance due to the value it delivered to customers relative to the price. In addition, like Euro isney, isney planners failed to realize just how many Chinese had no idea who the main characters are much…...

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Disneyland Tokyo is a cultural anomaly compared to all other Disney parks outside the United States, as the Japanese cherish and deeply value the opportunity to consume American experiences. The success of Disneyland Tokyo further engrained an ethnocentric mindset in the senior management team at Disney corporate, which led to a strong cultural bias and belief that France would be just as successful (Yue, 2009)

Why do you think the experience in France didn't help Disney avoid some of the problems in Hong Kong?

First, the problems in France were completely different than they ones they

Sex Lives of Cannibals
The book Sex Lives of Cannibals gives clear examples and instances of ethnocentrism to varying degrees and in different forms. Indeed, in various areas around the world, ethnocentrism manifests in different ways that can be both positive and negative for the people engaging in the behavior as well as what is experienced and felt by outsiders as a result. emote and shrouded enclaves of humanity, whether it is their choice or just how life and civilization have panned out for them, are the most pertinent and applicable examples of this in motion and the peoples of Tarawa as depicted in the Sex Lives book are a sterling example of ethnocentrism in all of its forms and functions. While the general act of ethnocentrism is not inherently evil, it can lead to hurt feelings and bad blood on a number of different levels.

Book Summary

The book Sex Lives of…...

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References

Bizumic, B., & Duckitt, J. (2012). What Is and Is Not Ethnocentrism? A Conceptual

Analysis and Political Implications. Political Psychology, 33(6), 887-909.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00907.x

Jae-Woong, Y., Samsup, J., & Jaemin, J. (2014). The effects of television viewing, cultural proximity, and ethnocentrism on country image. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 42(1), 89-96. doi:10.2224/sbp.2014.42.1.89

S. market. Instead of purchasing millions of dollars in research, Japanese manufacturers will often send their engineering and development teams to a foreign nation to study not just market conditions, but also the nuances of a given customer base as well (Aldridge, 1990). This will allow for greater insights into unmet needs, including the need to see the foreign manufacturers as being a contributor, not detractor, to national welfare. Toyota and Honda did this exceptionally well, as does Panasonic and Samsung with Google Android smartphones today.
2. Do you feel that there is really any difference, in a consumer's mind, between a Toyota Camry manufactured in the United States and an identical Camry that was manufactured in Japan but sold in the United States?

The indirect answer is that it depends on the individual consumer and their perceptual biases. From those consumers with a high level of ethnocentric mindsets, then the differences…...

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References

Aldridge, D.N. (1990). Marketing strategy: The Japanese Approach. Marketing and Research Today, 18(4), 239.

Genestre, a., Herbig, P., & Shao, a.T. (1995). What does marketing really mean to the Japanese? Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 13(9), 16.

Halfhill, D.S. (1980). Multinational marketing strategy: Implications of attitudes toward country of origin. Management International Review, 20(4), 26.

Cultural Observation of Dress
Why do all humans engage in the act of dressing the body? Consider how dress relates to both the physical and the social needs of the wearer.

Everyone dresses according to social factors and to make themselves more physically appealing to other. This helps them to be seen as hip and enhance their appearance. These variables ensure that the social and individual needs of the person are met. This is when they will have greater amounts of self-confidence. (Eicher, 2008)

f all humans dress themselves for the same basic reasons, why do we look so different from each other? Consider the influences of culture, age, gender, and other factors that distinguish people from one another.

People look different based upon their cultural background, age and gender. These elements are combined together to provide the person with a unique sense of style. This is used to make everyone different from one…...

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Inside a corporate atmosphere everyone is expected to dress in a suit and tie. This helps them to appear to be more professional. These cultural variations are different from what I wear in normal society. They require distinct ensembles and do not overlap into these areas. (Eicher, 2008)

Update Miner's article on Nacirema (Reading I.2), and describe a currently popular and familiar grooming or dressing activity using Miner's technical writing style. Avoid ordinary words -- that is, lay terminology -- where a more abstract or scientific word will more accurately describe the activity to someone who is totally unfamiliar with the activity. Next, read what you've written and write down your reactions to how this changes your perception of the dressing activity.

Miner's article is discussing the appearance

Global Marketing
According to Cleveland and Laroche (2007), the global consumer is characterized as someone who fits in with global consumer culture. This is a culture that has certain characteristics that are static internationally, such that the global consumer can be subject to global marketing. The global consumer is understood in contrast to the local consumer. The local consumer bears strong characteristics of the local market, in their tastes and buying patterns. The global consumer trends more towards international norms. The global consumer is aware of and has some preference for international products and bears similarity to international buying patterns. In essence, the global consumer in Shanghai will have tastes and characteristics that relate more to other global consumers in Vancouver, London or Mumbai than to the people of the local Shanghai market.

Global consumers have emerged as the result of two key trends, identified in Czinkota and onkainen (2013). These trends…...

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References:

Andersson, S. & Servais, P. (2010). Combining industrial buyer and seller strategies for international supply and marketing management. European Business Review. Vol. 22 (1) 64-81.

Balabanis, G. & Diamatopoulos, A. (2004). Domestic country bias, country-of-origin effects and consumer ethnocentrism: A multidimensional unfolding approach. Academy of Marketing Science Journal. Vol. 32 (1) 80-95.

Cleveland, M. & Laroche, M. (2007). Acculturation to the global consumer culture: Scale development and research paradigm. Journal of Business Research. Vol. 60 (3) 249-259.

Czinkota, M. & Ronkainen, I. (2013). International Marketing. South-Western College Publishing.

Sociology
ooley and Mead's theories on the process of socialization as opposed to that of Freud

harles ooley and George Herbert Mead are proponents of a similar theory of socialization. ooley uses the metaphor of the looking glass to explain how a child uses others' perception of himself to understand himself and develop an identity. According to ooley, each of us closely monitors how others react to us and adjust our behavior to get the most desirable response -- like looking at ourselves in a mirror and adjusting our posture or expression.

Mead also explains the process of socialization in a similar manner by theorizing that children internalize the feelings of others while developing the "Self." He says that children imitate the behavior of others by role-playing in the Play Stage (ages 3-4), which helps them to define themselves. In the Game Stage (school going age) they are exposed to rules of the…...

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Conrad Kottack quoted in "Ethnocentrism vs. Cultural Relativism" available online at http://www2.eou.edu/~kdahl/ethnodef.html

Introduction to Cultural Anthropology." Available online at http://cas-courses.buffalo.edu/classes/apy/anab/apy106/handouts/relativism.htm

Sociology