A comprehensive approach to ethical journalism might incorporate all three concerns by focusing on the duty to protect the welfare of the people within the U.S. By ensuring that all journalism is truthful, unencumbered by conflicts of interests, and only deviates from the absolute truth when necessary to protect the public. In that case, deviation from the truth must be limited to the withholding of information rather than the deliberate publication of untrue information or the inference that untrue information is, in fact, true.
The New York Times violated that ethical obligation in 2006 by publicizing information detailing law enforcement methods of tracking potentially terrorist-related funds because that publication compromised that particular strategy. Various news organizations violated their ethical responsibility during the 2008 presidential election campaign by repeatedly reporting Sarah Palin's ridiculous characterization of now President Barack Obama as having ties to known terrorists because that emphasis had the effect…...

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Ethics arise throughout the field of economics simply because professionals in the field are provided with access to the financial assets of members of the public. Because financial professionals have an infinitely greater understanding of the processes and mechanisms of economic institutions, transactions, and investment strategies, they would be in position to profit personally at the expense of their clients and shareholders of publicly traded corporate entities. Ethics need to be applied (and enforced by compliance laws) in the economics field that ensure honesty and full disclosure, and that prohibit any conflicts of interests that could harm customers, clients, institutions, and the general public.

State in your own words what the principle of ethical responsibility in journalism entails, and discuss an example of a time you have seen this principle either upheld or broken by the press. Ethical responsibility in journalism is susceptible to various definitions: mainly, the different schools of thought are that ethical journalism relates primarily to abstract concepts like truth and justice, or to the United States, or to the members of the public. A comprehensive approach to ethical journalism might incorporate all three concerns by focusing on the duty to protect the welfare of the people within the U.S. By ensuring that all journalism is truthful, unencumbered by conflicts of interests, and only deviates from the absolute truth when necessary to protect the public. In that case, deviation from the truth must be limited to the withholding of information rather than the deliberate publication of untrue information or the inference that untrue information is, in fact, true.

The New York Times violated that ethical obligation in 2006 by publicizing information detailing law enforcement methods of tracking potentially terrorist-related funds because that publication compromised that particular strategy. Various news organizations violated their ethical responsibility during the 2008 presidential election campaign by repeatedly reporting Sarah Palin's ridiculous characterization of now President Barack Obama as having ties to known terrorists because that emphasis had the effect of increasing that false perception in the public. Conversely, most American news organizations upheld the ethical responsibility by withholding primary election results until their publication could no longer influence voters not to bother voting for trailing candidates.

Ethics Issues in Nursing
he quality of healthcare experienced by patients today is radically impacted by the personal resources that can be accessed by those in need of routine healthcare, preventative healthcare, and medical treatment. Well-to-do patients have always been able to purchase quality medical treatment at a premium, and the opposite has also always been true: patients who are marginalized by society or live in poverty typically forego preventative healthcare and often receive medical treatment for both chronic and acute conditions when it is too late to be effective.

he poverty analysis statistics provided by the Gini Coefficient ("Measuring Inequality," 2012) paint a grim picture of impoverished people living in the Gulf Coast states who experience levels of inequality equivalent to those experienced by people living in sub-Saharan Africa. Dr. Peter J. Hotez is the dean of the National School of ropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine and the president…...

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The poverty analysis statistics provided by the Gini Coefficient ("Measuring Inequality," 2012) paint a grim picture of impoverished people living in the Gulf Coast states who experience levels of inequality equivalent to those experienced by people living in sub-Saharan Africa. Dr. Peter J. Hotez is the dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine and the president and director of the Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development. Hotez resides in a poor county in Texas where he has observed the link between poverty and a cluster of tropical diseases that are typically considered to be a problem only in developing countries (Hotez, 2012, p. SR-4). In addition, Hotez is clear that fiscal incentives are weak or nonesistant for pharmaceutical companies to develop new vaccines and treatments for these tropical diseases (Hotez, 2012, p. SR-4). In his words,

A key impediment to eliminating neglected tropical diseases in the United States is that they frequently go unrecognized because the disenfranchised people they afflict do not or cannot seek out health care. Even when there is a clinic or community health center in an impoverished area, it often lacks the necessary diagnostic tests, and the staff is rarely trained to recognize and manage neglected tropical diseases. (Hotez, 2012, p. SR-4)

With many healthcare fronts today requiring funding and service redesign, tropical diseases may not fare well in the line-up until and unless they impact mainstream populations. But what about those diseases that are common in the overall population, for which treatments do exist, yet the provision of service is inadequate or ineffective? This is the healthcare issue that gets a full-court press from Dr. Aaron Shirley. Dr. Shirley has personal and institutional memory of healthcare in Mississippi: he was the first black resident at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, served as physician at the first community health center in the Mississippi Delta in the 1960s, and is a co-founder of the HealthConnect system in Mississippi (Hansen, 2012). In 1993, Dr. Shirley received a MacArthur Foundation "genius" award as a health care leader. Yet, in 2012, Shirley said, "I've been coming here [the Mississippi Delta] for 40 years and nothing has changed" (Hansen, 2012, p. SR-4). The issue is that regardless of Medicaid or health insurance, or access to community clinics or home health services, poor people in Mississippi continue to have health problems. "They don't get better, and the diseases borne of poverty and obesity are not prevented; thousands of people frequent emergency rooms for illnesses that could have been tackled by primary care. They need something more." (Hansen, 2012, p. SR-4). Ironically, the healthcare solution for Mississippi Delta residents may reside in a model based on prerevolutionary Iran. James Miller, healthcare system consultant learned about the Iranian model for primary-healthcare during a meeting in Europe and recognized how well the model could overlay the Mississippi healthcare crisis. Miller noted, "When the

Is discretion ethical?

Not only is police discretion ethical, but it is absolutely essential if police are to be expected to perform their functions effectively. Without discretion, police would, for one example, be duty-bound to conduct a traffic stop of every vehicle that changes lanes without signaling and to issue a summons to every pedestrian who crosses the street against the light (Schmalleger, 2008). On the other hand, it has become common practice for police to misuse their discretion to enforce the law preferentially, especially in connection with traffic stops of off-duty officers (Schmalleger, 2008).

Define the differences between "grass eating" and "meat eating" among officers.

According to the Knapp Commission that coined the term, "grass-eaters" are officers who accept (or even solicit) gratuities in minor ways and largely as a function of learned institutional culture (Schmalleger, 2008). Meanwhile, "meat-eaters" are officers who actively pursue major corrupt initiatives and who expressly use their…...

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Bibliography

Delattre, E. (2006). Character and Cops: Ethics in Policing. Washington, DC: AEI Press.

Schmalleger, F. (2008). Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st

Century. Hoboken, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Zalman, M. (2008). Criminal Procedure: Constitution and Society New Jersey: Prentice

" (p.1) it is related that no two hospitals have the same ethics and that this is as it should be because "life and death are too complicated for ethical uniformity, let alone universalism." (Leavitt, 2000, p.1) the American Medical Association, Council on Judicial and Ethics Affairs states that the hospital ethics committee should be voluntary, educational and advisory" in nature and that these committees should be used or consideration and resolution in cases that are "unusual, complicated ethical problems involving issues that affect the care and treatment of patients." (1984) the American Nurses' Association Committee on Ethics reports that nursing professionals should be included in the "development, implementation and evaluation of ethical review on ethics committees." (1985) it is the conclusion of this writer that in the absence of an ethical committee review, that no decision on the ethics of this patient being admitted and treated through surgery can…...

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References

American Medical Association, Council on Judicial and Ethical Affairs. Guidelines for Ethics Committees in Health Care Institutions. in: REPORTS, Section 1: 1-4, December 1984.

American Nurses' Association Committee on Ethics. Guidelines for Nurses' Participation and Leadership in Institutional Ethical Review Process. Kansas City, MO: American Nurses' Association, 1985.

Donovan, GK (nd) Role of the Ethics Committee. Retrieved from: 0 the%20Ethics%20Committee.pdfhttp://www.fammed.ouhsc.edu/Palliative-Care/documents/Role%20of%2

Leavitt, FY (2000) Hospital ethics committees may discourage staff from making own decisions. BMJ. 2000 December 2; 321(7273): 1414.

The Enron scandal illustrated a distinct lack of wisdom among leaders, further intensifying the absence of moral character (Petrick & Scherer, 2003). Moral character must be established in order for organizational ethics issues to be resolved effectively.
Yet another main component to process integrity and ethical issue resolution is noral conduct (Petrick & Scherer, 2003). This involves the individual and collective execution of right action on basis that'd sustained. Moral conduct is necessary for Executives to develop and dependable reputation and the alignment of morality with reality (Petrick & Scherer, 2003). The Enron scandal demonstrated hypocrisy and a distinct lack of moral conduct.

Addressing Objections

Throughout the inquiries initially put forth regarding the accounting practices of Enron, executives continually claimed innocence, blamed others, lied, and were deceitful on several levels. These blatant objections to ethical practice were addressed by the authorities, and top Enron executives faced several charges including fines and imprisonment.

esolution…...

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References

Berenbeim, R.E. (2002). The Enron ethics breakdown. Executive Action, 15.

Petrick, J.A., Scherer, R.F. (2003). The Enron scandal and the neglect of management integrity capacity. Mid-American Journal of Business, 18(1), 37-49.

Sims, R.R., Brinkmann, J. (2003). Enron ethics (or: culture matters more than codes). Journal of Business Ethics, 45, 243-56.

Social & Ethical Issues in Management
Brief Background/History of Corporation

Epitech is a technology company that creates and develops software for administrative use for other corporations. The company was founded in the year 2009 and has since then grown to become one of the renowned software technology companies in the region. The headquarters of the company is situated in the state of Virginia. The company is best known for its Omega software system which is employed by numerous corporations for their everyday administrative use. Epitech was officially established on 2nd April 2009 by James Hunt with the main intent of creating software for personal use. However, the company took a turn for the positive when the software developed were picked up by other corporations and has since then went on to become one of the most sought after software technology companies. Five years since its inception, Epitech has been able to produce…...

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References

Albrecht, S.L. (2010). Handbook of Employee Engagement: Perspectives, Issues, Research and Practice. Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Baker, M., Hart, S. (2008). The Marketing Book. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Cook, S. (2008). The Essential Guide to Employee Engagement: Better Business Performance Through staff satisfaction. London: Kogan Page Limited.

Ethics Resource Center. (2011). National Business Ethic Survey: Workplace Ethics in Transition. Retrieved from: http://www.ethics.org/files/u5/FinalNBES-web.pdf

Arthur Anderson has collapsed after a guilty verdict resulting from the destruction of incriminating documents. The accounting industry was also directly affected in terms of its standards and procedures. There are hundreds of firms with methods to keep debts away from headline figures.
The president passed a bill that aimed at discouraging corporate fraud, while also ordering a review of the pension regulations at the country. This is the result of the losses suffered by pension holding employees at Enron. Other political reforms include how business funds are invested in political campaigning, the influence of energy companies on the energy policy in the United tates, the conflict of interest between consultancy and auditing, and regulations on financial derivative trading.

Despite his personal friendship with Lay, President Bush was quick to distance himself from Enron as soon as the scandal came to light.

The government could however be implicated in the scandal as…...

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Sources

BBC News. (2002, Aug 22). Enron scandal at-a-glance.  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1780075.stm 

Thomas, Cathy Booth. (2002, Jun 18). Called to Account. Time.

On the other hand, applicable laws do have authority and under the concept of moral relativism, it may be justified that any duly passed law be complied with (Svensson & Wood, 2008).
One lesson from this case might be that laws between entities in different sovereign nations can be much harder to enforce than laws between entities within the same nation. In the future, Pakistan and other nations might want to make sure that their contractual agreements contain mechanisms that make them enforceable across international borders. On a broader level, another lesson might be that ill-gotten gains should not be promoted by governments in the first place. Those who believe in the supremacy of divine law might consider the position in which Pakistan found herself to be an example of God's reminding us of the obligation to conduct ourselves ethically toward our fellow man.

eferences

Creffield, Lisa. "Why you can't block Skype."…...

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References

Creffield, Lisa. "Why you can't block Skype." (August 14 -- 2006).

 http://www.ameinfo.com/93716.html 

Halbert, Terry and Ingulli, Elaine. (2009). Law & Ethics in the Business Environment.

Cincinnati: West Legal Studies.

589). This may sound harsh, but it has been shown in many countries that this is the best practice for the employment and the economy.
While conditions in some sweatshops are unimaginable, in many countries sweatshop workers actually have better working conditions than many other workers have, and make more money as well. For example, a worker manufacturing shoes for Nike in a Chinese plant actually makes more money than a professor teaching at Beijing University (Maitland, DATE, p. 585). In fact, workers in many sweatshops make much more money than other workers in their areas, so they consider themselves well paid, even if their wages seem miniscule to westerners.

In conclusion, international sweatshops need standards and guidelines, and their workers should receive fair, decent wages for their work. As former Labor Secretary obert eich notes, "Low-wage workers should become better off, not worse off, as trade and investment boost national…...

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References

Arnold, D.G. And Bowie, N.E. Sweatshops and respect for persons. Ethical issues in international business. 591-604.

Maintland, J. The great non-debate over international sweatshops. Ethical issues in international business. 579-589.

Rivoli, P. (2001). Labor standards in the global economy: Issues for investors. The ethics of globalization. 535-545.

Pharmaceutical drugs are among the most expensive products to produce globally and as a result have a major impact on the profitability of these firms. Without accurate financial reporting of these costs many investors have no idea of whether the companies are doing as well as they report they are.
The second most troubling issue that is impacting the community and the pharmaceutical industry is the lack of credibility of scientific research and its implications on the new drug development and marketing strategies of pharmaceutical firms (Verschoor, 2006). This continues to be a major concern specifically for government regulators who have seen pharmaceutical industry spend up to $5.5B a year to promote drugs to physicians, often citing inaccurate or falsified research (Verschoor, 2006). Not only does this impact the physician's credibility if the drugs do not perform, it also harms the patient.

The third major issue is the lack of audit…...

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References

(Verschoor, 2006)

Curtis C. Verschoor. (2006). Pharma Industry Has Many Ethics Issues. Strategic Finance, 87(8), 16, 18, 61.

Source:  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb6421/is_2006_Feb/ai_n29243795/

Ethics in esearch
For organizations of all types, the last three decades have been crucial in changing the manner in which organizations interact with each other, stakeholders, the government, and themselves. Most of these changes occurred because of the evolution of globalization, which after the Cold War, increased cooperation between nations and regions while, at the same time, increased stakeholder expectations, opened hundreds of new markets, and now requires that organizations operate on a new level. Particularly after the Enron scandal, stakeholders expect more transparency and honesty from organizations. In fact, a recent survey found that 74% want to know more about the ethical stance and nature of a company prior to purchasing from them. At the same time, 92% of FTSE 100 companies provide no metrics, benchmarks, or quantitative measurements within their annual report (Suter, 2012).

Because of advances in technology and communication, this has also bled over into how businesses…...

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REFERENCES

Gutman and Thompson. (2004). Why Deliberative Democracy. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.

Leedy, P., & Ormrod, J. (2009). Practical Research: PLanning and Design. New York: Prentice Hall.

Robson, C. (2011). Real World Research: A Resource for Users of Social Research Methods in Applied Settings. New York: Wiley.

SA Health Info. (2010, April). Ethics issues in qualitative research. Retrieved from sahealthinfo.org: http://www.sahealthinfo.org/ethics/ethicsqualitative.htm

107) could also apply here. The confidentiality clause in such a case then only applies insofar as it is estimated that there is no need to disclose confidential information to others. In the case of Mrs. Z, her family deserves to know about her situation, because it affects their lives pertinently.
Because of the increasing cultural diversity throughout the world, cultural values also play an important part in making ethical decisions in the nursing profession. In the case of Mrs. Z, for example, she appears to have no powers of decision making either in her home or in society in general. Inside the home, her mother-in-law runs the household, while her husband is in charge of important decisions. This could have a significant influence upon her decision not to disclose her condition to her family.

According to Karahanne, Evaristo and Srite (2006, p. 34), for example, also note that cultures seldom…...

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References

Alligood, M.R., Marriner-Tomey, a. (2006). Nursing Theory: Utilization and Application. Elsevier Health Sciences.

DeWolf Bosek, M.S. And Savage, T.A. (2007) the Ethical Component of Nursing Education: Integrating Ethics into Clinical Practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Goodman, K.W. (2008, Jan) Privacy, Confidentiality, Law and Ethics. Norhteast Florida Medicine Supplement. Retrieved from:  http://www.dcmsonline.org/jax-medicine/2008journals/ethics/privacy.pdf 

Karahanna, E., Evaristo, J.R., and Srite, M. (2006). Levels of Culture and Individual Behavior: An Integtrative Perspective. Advanced Topics in Global Information Management, Vol. 5. Idea Group, Inc.

Ethical Issues Affecting Accountants
The need for ethical standards within the corporate accounting field is urgent, and this paper delves into ethical issues. Given the fact that rules can be bent and manipulated, this paper also points to potential ways in which ethics can become as important as rules.

hile there has apparently been a "shift in the ethical behavior of management" -- which is related to the corruption and convictions of accountant-related individuals with Enron and Author Anderson -- the literature indicates that there are still ethical issues to be addressed within the industry (Bolt-Lee, et al., 2010, p. 38). Research presented in the peer-reviewed Journal of Accountancy shows that subsequent to the Enron and other scandals, there is a movement toward a "…more heightened state of ethical awareness" that is apparently due to "…the greater likelihood of punitive consequences" (Bolt-Lee, 38).

In the Bolt-Lee article, the authors allude to a pair…...

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Works Cited

Adams, Barbara L. (2010). Using Game-Based Learning to Raise the Ethical Awareness of Accounting Students. Business Education Innovation Journal, 2(2), 86-93.

Bolt-Lee, Cynthia E., and Moody, Janette. (2010). Highlights of Finance and Accounting Ethics

Research. Journal of Accountancy, 210(4), 38-41.

Spalding, Albert D., and Oddo, Alfonso. (2012). It's Time for Principles-Based Accounting

Ethics
The employee is faced with ethical requirements throughout their workday that must be met with knowledge and a trained attitude. Workplace ethics is one of the most crucial elements whether the person involved in an ethical dilemma is a high-level manager or an entry-level employee. An ethical stance is important because it is what guides the interactions that the employees will have with each other, their management, and the customers that patronize their products. It is also important that the business leaders follow an internal and external ethical stance so that the culture generated within the company is one that promotes positive ethical practices. This paper begins by talking about the way that the business leaders view the external world of ethics through accounting practices and how they deal with other companies. The discussion then moves inside the company and how the management treats its employees. Employee to employee interactions…...

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References

Brandt-Rauf, S.I., Brabdt-Rauf, E., Gershon, R., Li, Y., & Brandt-Rauf, P.W. (2011). Genes, jobs, and justice: Occupational medicine physicians and the ethical, legal, and social issues of genetic testing in the workplace. Ethics & Medicine, 27(1), 51-55.

Dinkins, C.S. (2011). Ethics: Beyond patient care practicing empathy in the workplace. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 16(2), 1-8.

Embse, T.J.V.D., Desai, M.S., & Ofori-Brobbey, K. (2010). A new perspective on ethics safeguards: Where is the clout? SAM Advanced Management Journal, 75(3), 4-13.

Klimek, J., & Wenell, K. (2011). Ethics in accounting: An indispensable course? Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 15(4), 107-113.

Ethics in the Practice of Psychology
Ethical Decision-Making

Identify the problem.

The therapist must decide how to respond to several potential ethics issues that the client has brought to the client-therapist relationship. The therapist is considering options for responding that will preserve the integrity of the client-therapist relationship and that will avoid communicating any disregard for the ethnic traditions that are most likely influencing the client's actions.

Identify the potential issues involved.

While it is probable that the psychologist has reviewed the ethical guidelines that govern her work, the client has stepped outside of those bounds in several ways. Most notably, the client has not complied with the processes and constraints associated with fee payment, and the client has introduced complexity into the client-therapist relationship by making arrangements for the provision of therapy services to another family member without first discussing the matter with the therapist. In addition, the client has expressed interest in studying…...

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References

Corey, G., Corey, M., & Callanan, P. (2011). Issues and ethics in the helping profession (7th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks / Cole.

Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. (1992, December 1).

American Psychological Association. Author. Retrieved [Type text]http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/code-1992.aspx