S. (Levine, 2008).
One of the paradoxes of modern medical science and technology is the blurring of the line between life and death, something that was never an issue before modern medicine (Griniezakis, 2007; Levine, 2008). That was the case even before the most recent revelations in 2009 that many patients previously diagnosed as being in long-term persistent vegetative states actually remained conscious throughout their ordeal and that several patients considered to be brain dead according to accepted criteria eventually recovered consciousness (Halpern, az, Kohn, et al., 2010). The obvious concern is that inaccurate diagnoses of persistent vegetative states and the premature declaration of death could result in the procurement of organs for transplant from patients who could still recover from their medical predicament. That issue, unlike religious objections to scientific research remains a valid bioethics concern.

The other principal ethical issue in relation to organ transplantation is in connection with the…...

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References

Griniezakis AM. "Legal and ethical issues associated with brain death." Issues in Law & Medicine (September 22, 2007).

Harrison TR, Morgan, SE, and Di Corcia MJ. "Effects of information, education, and communication training about organ donation for gatekeepers: clerks at the Department of Motor Vehicles and organ donor registries" Progress in Transplantation (December 1, 2008).

Halpern SD, Raz a, Kohn R, Rey M. Asch DA, and Reese P. "Regulated Payments for Living Kidney Donation: An Empirical Assessment of the Ethical Concerns"

Annals of Internal Medicine (March 16, 2010).

Of course, in principle, lying to the public is still morally wrong; however, there is a fundamental difference between lying to protect the interests of your company in a manner that allows your company to continue putting the public at risk and lying to protect the interests of your company in a manner that merely minimizes the potential future harm to your company arising from past mistakes, provided appropriate steps are implemented to correct the situation in the future.
The best possible solution to the ethical dilemma presented would comprise the following components:

commitment from the company president to thoroughly investigate the allegations of the state public safety director.

A commitment from the company president to implement all the steps necessary to resolve the problems identified by the state public safety director.

A public statement that acknowledges the importance of working with the state public safety director's office to ensure the safety of…...

The ethical demands of accounting extend beyond merely advancing the interests of the client.
B. Personal views

The issues of balancing the ethics of one's profession with the need to do one's job do not merely pertain to accounting, but touches upon all workers. For example: does a manager's duty merely lie in maximizing shareholder value, or does he or she have an ethical obligation to his or her employees to secure their welfare? Until recent regulations, accountants often placed their desire to please clients over their responsibility to the public to produce a valid audit. But even when not legally or professionally bound by a formal code of ethics, a worker should not be forced to put aside his or her own sense of integrity to serve his or her employer.

C. Workplace application

A worker should not be expected to do something unethical that violates common laws of decency as part…...

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Reference

Schmutte, James & James Duncan. (2009, September). Professional judgment: A model for accounting and auditing decisions. The CPA Journal. Retrieved March 2, 2010 at  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5346/is_200909/ai_n39231893/ 

Ryan, Frank. (2009). Thoughts on civility and selfless sacrifice. Central Penn Business Journal.

Retrieved March 2, 2010 at  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5295/is_20091204/ai_n45187458/ 

Vogel, Melanie. (2009, September 1). The new soft skill: Virtual competence. Career Journal.

Ethical Values and Behavior
Moral Leadership: Batson vs. Tyler

Batson (Chapter 8, hode, 2006) is of the view that moral leadership is about getting people to uphold moral standards and to always act ethically. The underlying assumption is that when everyone acts within their moral capacities, the organization and society as a whole is deemed to benefit. Acting morally, according to Batson, means looking out for the needs and well-being of others, and acting in their favor whenever our interests and theirs are in conflict. Moral leadership is about getting the people around you to look out for others, and to always put the needs of others before their own. It is about motivating people to care for the needy, promote justice in society, conduct their businesses within ethical boundaries, pay their taxes, vote, recycle harmful substances, and contribute to charity programs, not because they derive benefit from doing so, but because…...

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References

Hill, J.L. (1996). The Case for Vegetarianism: Philosophy for a Small Planet. Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield.

Mackinnon, B. & Fiala, A. (2014). Ethics: Theory and Contemporary Issues (concise, 8th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning

Rhode, D.L. (Ed.). (2006). Moral Leadership: The Theory of Practice and Power, Judgment and Policy. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.

People have different views and values regarding what is right and wrong. This is all based on our personal values. A counselor might believe that it is okay to discuss about a client provided they do not disclose their name and any personal information. Ethically speaking this is wrong since they are divulging information shared in confidence. If it were ethically correct, the counselor would have sought the client's approval for them to share the information.
eferences

Barnes, F.P., & Murdin, L. (2001). Values and ethics in the practice of psychotherapy and counselling: Open University Press.

Cottone, .. (2001). A social constructivism model of ethical decision making in counseling. Journal of counseling & Development, 79(1), 39-45.

Daniels, J.A. (2001). Managed care, ethics, and counseling. Journal of counseling & Development, 79(1), 119-122.

Forester-Miller, H., Davis, T.E., Association, a.C., & Alexandria, V. (1995). A practitioner's guide to ethical decision making: American Counseling Association Alexandria, VA.

Gibson, S.…...

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References

Barnes, F.P., & Murdin, L. (2001). Values and ethics in the practice of psychotherapy and counselling: Open University Press.

Cottone, R.R. (2001). A social constructivism model of ethical decision making in counseling. Journal of counseling & Development, 79(1), 39-45.

Daniels, J.A. (2001). Managed care, ethics, and counseling. Journal of counseling & Development, 79(1), 119-122.

Forester-Miller, H., Davis, T.E., Association, a.C., & Alexandria, V. (1995). A practitioner's guide to ethical decision making: American Counseling Association Alexandria, VA.

Values and Morals in the Accounting Industry
The important questions to be addressed are taken from the "…business ethics/corporate social responsibility literature, oriented towards business enterprises but also of relevance to professional bodies: whether being ethical 'pays' in financial terms; and whether formal codes are useful in promoting ethical behavior…" (Cowton, 2009, p. 177).

Accountants are charged with carrying out ethical and moral decisions in their everyday work, but judging from some of the scandals in recent years (Enron, orldCom, the Anderson Accountancy, etc.) not all accountants are up to speed with those ethical and moral decisions. This paper reviews the judgments that accountants should be making based on morality and ethical values, whether the accountant is working for a multinational corporation or for a small business with only half a dozen employees.

Accounting Students and Moral Decision-Making

Deborah Leitsch writes in the Journal of Business Ethics that auditors are being "turned into (financial)…...

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Works Cited

Brown-Liburd, Helen L., and Porco, Barbara M. (2011). It's What's Outside that Counts:

Do Extracurricular Experiences Affect the Cognitive Moral Development of Undergraduate Accounting Students? Issues in Accounting Education, 26(2), 439-454.

Cooper, Barry J., Leung, Philomena, Dellaportas, Steven, Jackling, Beverley, and Wong,

Grace. (2008). Ethics Education for Accounting Students -- a Toolkit Approach.

Ethical Theories
The three basic ethical theories share a number of similarities, because they each attempt to describe and explicate the ethical decisions made by humans as well as the logic (or illogic) that is used to inform any particular behavior. Utilitarianism offers what is perhaps the most sound ethical theory due to the way it chooses for itself the goal of its efforts, but it is hampered by disagreement regarding the precise execution of the theory. A deontological theory of ethics may be useful for formulating general rules regarding proper behavior, and as such is popular is the workplace, but these rules are not universally applicable and in some cases can actually lead to unethical behavior if followed without fail. Finally, while virtues-based ethics purports to offer individuals instruction for the cultivation of ideal behavioral traits, by definition it cannot offer a universal ethical norm, as it is based on…...

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References

Begley, A.M. (2005). Practising virtue: A challenge to the view that a virtue centred approach to ethics lacks practical content. Nursing Ethics, 12(6), 622-37.

Broad, C. (1930). Five types of ethical theory. New York: Routledge.

Darwall (Ed.). (2003). Virtue ethics. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.

DeConinck, J.B., & Lewis, W.F. (1997). The influence of deontological and teleological considerations and ethical climate on sales managers intentions to reward or punish sales force behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 16(5), 497-506.

The business is also becoming one of the leading companies and a well-known case study of the fair trade principles within the market. The business is also creating a noble image within the target market through its efforts of creating awareness for paying the fair price to its coca producers. The image created by the business is significantly affecting its brand image as an ethical brand. The research of Britain (2007) is also evident of the findings presented above.
USA consumer attitudes:

According to Ma (2007) the consumers in United States are also familiar with the fair trade attitudes and principles. The young consumers are highly likely to purchase products that are manufactured by the businesses incorporating fair trade principles. The consumers of young age group prefer to value the contributions of manufacturers towards fair trade principles (Gropel, 2012). The graduates and educated high income group is also tilted towards adoption…...

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References:

Britain, G 2007, Fair trade and development: seventh report of session 2006-07, Vol. 2: Oral and written evidence (Vol. 356), Stationery Office, United Kingdom.

Clarke, N, Barnett, C, Cloke, P & Malpass, a 2007, the political rationalities of fair-trade consumption in the United Kingdom, Politics & Society, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 583-607.

De Pelsmacker, P, Driesen, L & Rayp, G 2005, Do Consumers Care about Ethics? Willingness to Pay for Fair-Trade Coffe, Journal of consumer affairs, vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 363-385.

DeCarlo, J 2011, Fair trade and how it works, the Rosen Publishing Group.

The mall in Shanghai is not representative of all shopping experiences in China, and the questionnaire and its use of imagery and descriptions lack clarity and precision needed for more extrapolative results. The study however does underscore the role of ethicacy as a key determinant in defining if a person is going to purchase a counterfeit product or not.
Analysis of Counterfeit Luxury Goods Online:

An Investigation of Consumer Perceptions

One of the most rapidly expanding selling channels for counterfeit products are websites and e-commerce sites. On the Internet a counterfeiter can be up and running within a day or less, selling counterfeit items globally using PayPal and other well-known payment processing systems to manage transactions. This area of counterfeit luxury products selling is the subject of the study Counterfeit Luxury Goods Online: An Investigation of Consumer Perceptions (adon, 2012). The methodology is loosely defined as those customers who have purchased from…...

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References

Kozar, J.M., & Marcketti, S.B. (2011). Examining ethics and materialism with purchase of counterfeits. Social Responsibility Journal, 7(3), 393-404.

Ian Phau, Marishka Sequeira, Steve Dix, (2009) "To buy or not to buy a "counterfeit" Ralph Lauren polo shirt: The role of lawfulness and legality toward purchasing counterfeits," Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, Vol. 1 Iss: 1, pp. 68 -- 80

Phau, I., & Teah, M. (2009). Devil wears (counterfeit) Prada: A study of antecedents and outcomes of attitudes towards counterfeits of luxury brands. The Journal of Consumer Marketing, 26(1), 15-27.

Anita Radon (2012). Counterfeit luxury goods online: An investigation of consumer perceptions. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(2), 74-79.

Ethical Self-Assessment
The role of ethics in healthcare is to mitigate risks and ensure oversight of each strategic process area, ensuring patient treatment quality consistency and transparency. The American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) Code of Ethics and its self-assessment provide foundational insights into how ethical decisions can be more effectively made and how decision making can align effectively to the ACHE standards. Ethics are the foundation of patient trust and need to be the catalyst of transparency throughout a healthcare provider organization to the practice level and ultimately solidifying patient and healthcare provider collaboration to common goals (Higgins, Gross, Hackett, 2000). In the highest-performing healthcare providers, there is a tight alignment of patient expectations and the need for transparency on the one hand, and the ethics and willingness of a healthcare provider to disclose data and knowledge necessary to keep treatment plans progressing (Frederick, Wasieleski, Weber, 2000). In addition to…...

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References

Ehlen, K.J., & Sprenger, G. (1998). Ethics and decision making in healthcare. Journal of Healthcare Management, 43(3), 219-21.

Frederick, W.C., Wasieleski, D., & Weber, J. (2000). Values, ethics, and moral reasoning among healthcare professionals: A survey. HEC Forum, 12(2), 124-40.

Higgins, W., Gross, J.W., & Hackett, K.L. (2000). Ethical guidance in the era of managed care: An analysis of the American College of healthcare executives' code of ethics. Journal of Healthcare Management, 45(1), 32-42; discussion 43-5.

Weil, Peter A, PhD., F.A.C.H.E., Kimball, P.A., & Lerner, Wayne M, Dr. P.H., F.A.C.H.E. (2010). The volunteer activities of healthcare Executives/Practioner Application. Journal of Healthcare Management, 55(2), 115-29; discussion 129-31.

Values and Virtues
All of us have been sent to this world for a purpose; the invariable purpose of life on earth is doing good to each other. What defines the behavior of a person is his character and what shape the character of a person are his values and virtues. The perception of many people is that virtues and values are more or less the same things; however, in this paper we shall see how the two differ and see what the character of a person is in fact. Moreover, we shall also consider an ethical dilemma in clinical practice and see how the values and virtues are used to solve that dilemma.

Values

There are basically six pillars that form the character of the person. These six pillars are the set of ethical values that a person must in order for him to become a man of good character and lead…...

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References

Ethics, Virtues, and Values: Knowing What Matters Most. U.S. Department of State.

Gray, Tim. (2000). "Real Men Choose Virtues." Lay Witness Magazine.

Teen Aid Inc. "Values vs. Virtues."

The Ethics Scoreboard. (2007). "Values, Virtues and Duties: The Foundation of Ethics."

Ethical Behavior Theory in Organizations
This analytical research report discusses the debatable issue of the much-needed ethical behavior in working milieu. The research paper highlights the fundamental characteristics, a well-drafted research design, a separate section of suggestions; a orks Cited an appendix featuring important data and relevant diagrams pertaining to the organizational behavior theory and the underlying ethical issues. The orks Cited nine sources in MLA format.

ETHICS AND ORGANIZATIONS

Ethics and ethical behavior: a challenge for organizations

UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATIONS

Reasons for unethical behavior in organizations

Prevalent justifications of unethical behavior

Results from Baucus and Near's research model

Part Three

SOCIAL SYSTEMS AND BEHAVIORS

Part Four

NEED FOR ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORAL THEORY

hat is organizational behavior?

Purpose of organizational behavior

An overview of organizational behavior and its cardinal components

Basic models of organizational behaviors

Part Five

PRAGMATIC SUGGESTIONS FOR AMELIORATION

Part Six

FUTURE DIRECTION

orks Cited

APPENDIX

Ethical Behavior in Organizations

Individuals working towards a common goal for personal as well as combined benefits form institutions popularly called as "organizations" or "associations."…...

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Works Cited

Drucker P. Claremont Graduate Univ., Managing Oneself., Harvard Business

Review, 03-01-1999, pp 65.

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition

Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.

In that regard, NatHealth Inc. managers and supervisors are trained to recognize potential ethical conflicts as early as possible, to analyze possible course of action, and to take decisive action by implementing the best possible ethical decisions and corresponding solutions that are the most consistent with organizational ethical values and principles.
In addition, all NatHealth Inc. managers attend a week-long mandatory training retreat every September at which they attend strategic meetings and receive training in several different aspects of their operational responsibilities. Two days are reserved for ethics-specific discussions, policy reviews, and updated training in the full range of ethical issues in the workplace. Subsequent to their return, individual managers conduct an ethics policy review session with their direct reports at which time they provide supplemental ethical instructions to update all employees with respect to any changes in organizational ethics policies and expectations.

Monitoring:

While the organization does maintain scrupulous and detailed…...

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References

Halbert, T., and Ingulli, E. (2007). Law & Ethics in the Business Environment.

Cincinnati, OH: West.

Locker, K. (2006). Business and Administrative Communication 2nd Edition. Boston,

MA: McGraw-Hill.

Ethical Lens Inventory
There is probably nobody who goes through life without, at some point, being faced with an ethical dilemma. These are situations where either projected outcome might be equally undesirable, or where there are no clear rules to indicate the appropriate course of action. In these situations, it is helpful to first determine one's own ethical values and viewpoints. These can then be used to come to a decision that is least detrimental to one's own sense of fairness and justice. The ethical lens inventory is one tool that can be used to determine the specific nature of one's own sense of ethical fairness and justice (Ethics Game, 2009).

The ethical lens inventory includes four ethical lenses that might be used to determine one's own sense of values and ethics (Ethics Game, 2007). The most important element to recognize here is that ethics is not uniform, static, or homogeneous for…...

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References

Ethics Game (2009). Ethical Lens Inventory. Retrieved from: http://www.ethicsgame.com/Exec/GGEG/Products/EthicalLensInventoryEdSlick.pdf

Ethics Game (2007). Introduction to Four Ethical Lenses. Retrieved from:  http://bahrec.shrm.org

Ethical Behaviors of Mattel in the Toy Industry
The ethicacy of corporate behaviors are influenced by a myriad of factors yet most strongly reflect the internal culture, alignment of leadership to vision, and accumulated trade-offs made by management over years of ethical decisions, trade-offs and outcomes. In the study Mattel, Inc.: Global Manufacturing Principles (GMP) - A life-cycle analysis of a company-based code of conduct in the toy industry (Sethi, Veral, Shapiro, Emelianova, 2011) the authors successfully provide insights into the moral and ethical dilemmas of operating a multinational corporation (MNC) that is highly dependent on Global Manufacturing Principles (GMP). The life-cycle analysis of company-based code of conduct also illustrates how creating a solid ethical foundation using a Corporate Social esponsibility (CS) platform is only as effective as the aligning of senior management, vision and mission, and manufacturing, sourcing, supply chain and distribution is (Sethi, Veral, Shapiro, Emelianova, 2011). When and…...

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References

Gordley, J., & Cecil, S. (1998). Good faith and profit maximization. Review of Business, 19(4), 11-17.

Heinze, E. (2010). The meta-ethics of law: Book one of Aristotle's Nicomachean ethics. International Journal of Law in Context, 6(1), 23-44.

Kielsgard, M.D. (2011). Universalism and human rights in the 21st century. Asia Pacific Law Review, 19(2), 155-176.

Machan, T.R. (2004). Aristotle and the moral status of business. Journal of Value Inquiry, 38(2), 217-223.

## Outlining an Essay on the Rizal Law and its Implications for Filipino Students

I. Introduction
Hook: Begin with a compelling statement or question that captures the reader's attention.
Background: Briefly introduce the Rizal Law, its history, and its significance.
Thesis statement: Clearly state the main argument or point of the essay, which is to explore the implications of the Rizal Law on Filipino students' present and future lives.

II. Implications for Filipino Students' Present Life
A. Fostering National Identity and Patriotism:
Discuss how the Rizal Law mandates the study of Rizal's works to instill a sense of national pride and appreciation....

1. Unveiling the Essence of Integrity: A Comprehensive Examination

2. The Pillars of Integrity: A Philosophical and Ethical Exploration

3. Integrity in Action: Exploring the Role of Character in Human Conduct

4. The Imperative of Integrity: Its Significance in Personal, Professional, and Societal Life

5. The Paradox of Integrity: Balancing Personal Values and External Expectations

6. The Erosion of Integrity: A Cultural Analysis of Moral Decline

7. The Restoration of Integrity: Strategies for Rebuilding Trust and Ethical Behavior

8. Integrity as a Moral Compass: A Guide for Ethical Decision-Making

9. Integrity in the Modern Era: Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing World

10. The Power of Integrity: Its Impact....

Corruption: A Case Study

Corruption is a widespread and insidious problem that plagues societies worldwide. It undermines trust, impedes economic growth, and perpetuates inequality. This case study delves into a real-world example of corruption, uncovering its multifaceted nature and devastating consequences.

The Setting: Afican Utopia

Afican Utopia is a fictitious African nation once hailed as a beacon of hope and prosperity. However, beneath the gleaming facade lay a deep-rooted culture of corruption. In the halls of power, unscrupulous politicians and government officials colluded with wealthy elites to enrich themselves at the expense of the nation's well-being.

The Key Players

At the heart of the corruption....

I. Introduction

Hook: Present a compelling statistic or scenario highlighting the importance of ethics in the workplace.
Thesis Statement: Clearly state the purpose of the essay, which is to outline a six-step ethics job screen process.

II. Step 1: Define Organizational Values

Explain the significance of clearly defining organizational values and how they guide ethical decision-making.
Describe methods for identifying and articulating core values, such as interviews, surveys, and workshops.
Emphasize the alignment between organizational values and the desired ethical culture.

III. Step 2: Create Behavior-Based Interview Questions

Discuss the limitations of traditional interview questions and introduce the concept of behavior-based questions.
....