Moreover, the researcher who falsifies the data is prone to legal action as has been the case in the past when researchers have falsified research results (Normile C, 2006). Therefore, in order to deal with this grave issue, it is important to ensure that the data being incorporated in the research paper has been properly handled and it is being reported correct. Ensuring this would satisfy the ethical standards of scientific research to a very high extent, as there would then be no repercussions for the author of the research paper (CA & GL, 2000).
Mistakes and Negligence

Each research study is susceptible to error. The errors in scientific research are either caused by mistake or negligence. There are various factors that contribute to these mistakes during the research process. The prime reason being that the researchers are basically humans. They are bound by limitations such as limited resources and time-frame.…...

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Bibliography

Allen, T.D. (2007). Mentoring relationships from the perspective of the mentor. In B.R. Ragins, & K.E. Kram, The handbook of mentoring at work: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 123-147). SAGE Publications, Inc. .

Bird, S.J. (2001). Mentors, advisors and supervisors: Their role in teaching responsible research conduct. Science and Engineering Ethics (7), 455-468.

CA, M., & GL, L. (2000). Research ethics: ethical issues of data reporting and the quest for authenticity. Acad Emerg Med. 7(6), 691-4.

Franklin G. Miller, P. a. (2008). Quality-Improvement Research and Informed Consent. N Engl J. Med (358), 765-767.

B. The Impact of ocietal Norms

All businesses function within and serves a society during any given time in history. ince as early as Aristotle, and even earlier, ethical codes and standards have dictated not only business, but also society as a whole. Aristotle's concept of "the good life" provided a starting point for ethical codes during Ancient Greek times and afterwards. The first articulated codes of ethics were then created to apply to society as whole rather than just to business. With the development of business practices, such codes of ethics also became necessary in this sector, and were intertwined with the ethics of conduct for society.

A business that serves society must have standards of conduct that relate to that society and are acceptable within the social context. This is even so if the business does not particularly focus on social or humanitarian services. Two common ethical standards for businesses…...

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Sources

American Sociological Association (2005, Oct 28). Ethics.  http://www.asanet.org/cs/root/leftnav/ethics/ethics 

Freeman, Stephen J., Engels, Dennis W. And Altekruse, Michael K. (2004, 1 April). Foundations for ethical standards and codes: the role of moral philosophy and theory in ethics.(Research and Theory). Counseling and Values.  http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4721448/Foundations-for-ethical-standards-and.html

ole of Ethical Standards and Codes in Psychology
One may wonder why it is so important to have an ethical code of behavior for psychologists. After all, psychologists are highly trained professionals who would not seem to need a rigid code to dictate how to behave in their professional lives. However, it is critical to keep in mind that, by the very nature of their work, psychologists become involved in the personal lives of their clients. Moreover, clients come to rely upon the advice of their psychologists, and oftentimes even the most legitimate advice can be painful or difficult for the client. Therefore, it can be very hard for clients to tell when a psychologist's behavior is outside of ethical norms. Furthermore, because psychologists are oftentimes helping people establish better interpersonal relationships, it can be very difficult for them to establish the appropriate boundaries. Because of the personal and vulnerable…...

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References

American Psychological Association. (2011). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx

Kafka, P. (2008). Psychologist code of ethics. Retrieved September 27, 2011 from Suite 101

website: http://pauline-kafka.suite101.com/psychologist-as-professional-a53156

Scientific research facilitates acquisition of true knowledge, whose highest level is being able to examine scientific issues (Glickman et.al 2009). If knowledge constitutes a universal human property thus greatly impacting overall societal development and wellbeing, the key goal of science will clearly be the truth. Moreover, science’s credibility with the masses is reliant on upholding the highest standards of ethicality when conducting research. Sticking to such guidelines helps prevent deviation from acceptable ethical practices in research, besides facilitating the prevention of acute deviations which are considered misconduct on the part of the researcher (Baumrind, 1971). Researcher misconduct implies including untruths, distortions, or breach of copyright, which include credential misrepresentation, within research proposals, performance, reviews, and result reporting (Kruk, 2013). The foremost step of a research project is to structure what and how to draft a report which would make the ideal scientific manuscript, as the report constitutes the chief means of…...

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References

Baumrind, D. (1971). Principles of ethical conduct in the treatment of subjects: Reaction to the draft report of the Committee on Ethical Standards in Psychological Research. American Psychologist, 26(10), 887.

Christensen, L. B., Johnson, B., Turner, L. A., & Christensen, L. B. (2011). Research methods, design, and analysis.

Emanuel, E. J., Wendler, D., & Grady, C. (2000). What makes clinical research ethical?. Jama, 283(20), 2701-2711.

Glickman, S. W., McHutchison, J. G., Peterson, E. D., Cairns, C. B., Harrington, R. A., Califf, R. M., & Schulman, K. A. (2009). Ethical and scientific implications of the globalization of clinical research.

Harriss, D. J., & Atkinson, G. (2013). Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2014 update·. International journal of sports medicine, 34(12), 1025-1028.

Harriss, D. J., & Atkinson, G. (2015). Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2016 update. Int J Sports Med, 36(14), 1121-1124.

Kruk, J. (2013). Good scientific practice and ethical principles in scientific research and higher education. Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine, 1(1), 25-29.

Lawson, D. H., Sherman, V., & Hollowell, J. (1998). The General Practice Research Database. Scientific and Ethical Advisory Group. QJM: monthly journal of the Association of Physicians, 91(6), 445-452.

policy guidelines and information about ethical responsibilities at the U.S. Naval Academy
Throughout its history, the U.S. Naval Academy has subscribed to the highest levels of ethical practice (HPP Section I: Guiding principles and applicability, 2011).

The Naval Academy's current honor code for midshipmen students specifically stipulates that:

Midshipmen are persons of integrity: They stand for that which is right.

They tell the truth and ensure that the full truth is known. They do not lie.

They embrace fairness in all actions. They ensure that work submitted as their own is their own, and that assistance received from any source is authorized and properly documented. They do not cheat.

They respect the property of others and ensure that others are able to benefit from the use of their own property. They do not steal (Honor concept, 2015, para. 2).

SLIDE NO. 2: Existing policy guidelines and information about ethical responsibilities at the U.S. Naval Academy (cont'd)

In…...

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REFERENCES

Blume, H. (2009, May 13). Judge prohibits L.A. teachers strike: He grants a restraining order against the walkout planned for Friday, saying it defies the United Teachers union contract. Los Angeles Times, p. A4. Retrieved   / 13/local/me-lausd-strike13.http://articles.latimes.com/2009/may 

Edney, B. (2009, November 28). Ethics and the next century's Navy. The Washington Times, 5.

History of USNA. (2015). U.S. Naval Academy. Retrieved from  

Healthcare
Health Care System

health care system received a boost with the introduction of the ObamaCare Medical Insurance Scheme. In this scheme, American citizens are given a chance to access high-quality medical care at a cheaper rate than before. In this scheme, the government has chipped in to subsidize the cost of medication to all the medical facilities in the country (Stavans, 2010). With the introduction of the Medicare program, more people can now access medication. This has translated to an increased health status in the country. Consequently, the life span in the country has gone up.

Given the state of health care in the U.S. currently, there is no need to have an improvement or additional measures. The present status is much appropriate. They are sufficient and meet the desired need. In the American medical program, there are enough medical facilities to meet the need. Americans also encounter a condition where…...

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References

Kuriansky, J. (2011). The complete idiot's guide to a healthy relationship. New York: Alpha Books.

Standards, E. (2013). Ethical standards in law enforcement. Paperback.

Stavans, I. (2010). Healthcare. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood.

globe demonstrate that globalization has had significant influence in the development of a global set of accounting standards. This paper examines the role globalization has played in this process, especially in how it has contributed to the increased need for a global set of ethical standards. The discussion incorporates an evaluation of this need in light of recent accounting scandals attributed to unethical practices. The efforts taken by the United States and the international community towards establishing these standards are also discussed. In addition, challenges experienced by these two governing bodies in this process are also evaluated.
Globalization in Accounting Ethics:

Over the last several years, countries and capital markets across the world have become increasingly interdependent. Consequently, recent events have shown that a shock in one area or region may affect the other markets or regions. The increased interdependence of countries and capital markets has been characterized by increased interest…...

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References:

Irvine, H.J. & Lucas, N. (2006). The Globalization of Accounting Standards: the Case of the United Arab Emirates. Retrieved from University of Wollongong website:  http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1229&context=commpapers&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3DGlobalization%2520In%2520Accounting%2520Ethics%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D3%26cad%3Drja%26uact%3D8%26ved%3D0CFMQFjAC%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fro.uow.edu.au%252Fcgi%252Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%253D1229%2526context%253Dcommpapers%26ei%3DWQ6eU4-XBurP0AXmk4GoCA%26usg%3DAFQjCNF8Zxzh3UMvhc3DfwvqGmW5tfYyyg%26sig2%3DF5VJBDVvbtoEtcf-Qrd_8g%26bvm%3Dbv.68911936%2Cd.d2k 

Mitchem, C.E. (2009, January). Analysis of International Ethical Standards in Accounting.

International Business & Economics Research Journal, 8(1), 41-50. Retrieved June 15, 2014, from  http://journals.cluteonline.com/index.php/IBER/article/download/3086/3134 

Sadowski, S.T. & Thomas, J.R. (2012, May). Toward a Convergence of Global Ethics Standards:

Psychology and Ethical Standards
Ethical standards are indeed fluid and generally change as the values and needs of society change. The example of how it was permissible in society to discriminate against someone on the basis of their sexual orientation (viewing homosexuality as a psychiatric disorder) is indeed perfect in demonstrating that as society evolves there conceptions of right and wrong, moral and immoral are indeed fluid as well. I think that many of the codes and principles which are currently in place which relate to sex will be adjusted and adapted in time. One should not forget that America was one a group of Puritan colonies; how America and Americans relate to sex can often be traced to that Puritanical mindset at times. As one NBC anchor asserted, "we're a very puritanical country and so we're a little bit sexually repressed. So on the one hand we like hearing stories…...

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References

Apa.org. (2013). Standard 7: Education and training. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx?item=9

Brennan, K. (2011, June 9). Nbc: 'puritanical' americans must become 'anesthetized' to sex scandals read more. Retrieved from   drennen/2011/06/09/nbc-puritanical-americans-must-become-anesthetized-sex-scandalshttp://newsbusters.org/blogs/kyle -

Ethical and Sustainable BusinessIn basic terms, ethics may be described as moral standards and what differentiates right from wrong. Most of the time, ethics has always been aligned with religious beliefs, the law, feelings and the standard in the society. However, ethics are objective foundations that help distinguish what is right from what is wrong. A business that needs to operate in the long-term may need to have ethical standards. In essence, ethical standards in a business are noble and enable a business to operate in the long run (Hamington and Sander-Staudt, 2011).A business may be recognized as ethical depending on how it treats its stakeholders. The major stakeholders of a business include employees, customers and suppliers. For instance, a firm may be recognized to operate ethically if it does not harm its consumers interests in any manner or form, i.e. by offering high quality goods or services. Further, in…...

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References

Hamington, M., & Sander-Staudt, M. (Eds.). (2011). Applying care ethics to business (Vol. 34). Springer Science & Business Media

Resuscitate (DNR)
What is a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order?

First used about fifty years ago, the do not resuscitate (DNR) order continues to elicit questions and discussion among medical experts and patients. The do not resuscitate order is a directive from a patient who specifically refuses consent for certain forms of medical interventions related to life-saving actions by hospital personnel. The presence of the DNR order makes it important that informed discussions between a specific patient, family, and physicians and staff are made regarding their medical conditions. In the modern day world, advances made in medical therapy that include end-of-life treatments, have made the presence of a DNR order even more crucial.

Epidemiological research has greatly enhanced our knowledge of the different forms and outcomes of resuscitation. However it is the physicians, patients, and institutional (hospital) policies that greatly influence the occurrence of DNR orders (Loertscher, Reed, annon, & Mueller, 2010).

A…...

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Bibliography

Barlow, C. (2014). What does DNR/DNI really mean? Nursing, 65. Retrieved from:  http://journals.lww.com/nursing/Citation/2014/08000/What_does_DNR_DNI_really_mean_.20.aspx 

Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. (1994). Principles of biomedical ethics (4th ed). New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Goel, V. (2008). Euthanasia - A dignified end of life! International NGO Journal, 224. Retrieved from:  http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380895703_Goel.pdf 

Hanson LC, Danis M, Garrett J. (1997). What is wrong with end-of-life care? Opinions of bereaved family members. J Am Geriatr Soc; 45: 1339-44

The concept of organs as commodities is one that sets a dangerous precedent for humankind. It turns people into potential banks that can be robbed at a moment’s notice—and indeed some are. With organs being viewed as so much in demand, it makes organ harvesting into a lucrative career for some who do not have the ethical restraints needed to keep one from viewing humans as mere means to wealth. Organs should not be allowed to be sold, because it cheapens the value of one’s existence. As no price can be put on one’s life or one’s existence, no price should be allowed to be put on one’s organs. Doing so only opens the door to abuses and sets a precedent that will eventually lead to everyone’s life being in danger of being stolen so that another might profit from the organs that one has. Indeed, as Caplan and Parent (n.d.)…...

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References

Al Jazeera English. (2016). Asia’s kidney black market—101 East. Retrieved from

Caplan, A., Parent, B. (n.d.). Organ transplantation. Retrieved from https://www.thehastingscenter.org/briefingbook/organ-transplantation/

Fowler, M. (2010). Guide to the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements. Silver Spring, MD: ANA.

Jonsen, A. et al. (2010). Clinical Ethics. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

National Geographic. (2015). Black market kidney transplant. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mM_Yt7Iy7Q&feature=youtu.be

Organ Trafficking Prices and Kidney Transplant Sales. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.havocscope.com/black-market-prices/organs-kidneys/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6yRKosE2MI&feature=youtu.be

. Consider this statement: "Doing well by doing good." In your opinion, what does this mean in relation to business? Identify a business that you feel is a good example of this. Explain why you feel that wayThis statement refers to the need to consider all stakeholders when making important or wide-ranging business decisions. Historically, management often believed that the sole purpose of an organization was to maximize shareholder wealth. However, the most profitable companies often look to provide society benefit other than those derived from profit making incentives. Companies such as Tesla look to leverage their technology to reduce societys dependence on oil and gas products that can ultimately damage the planet. Fast food companies such as Chipotle look to use recycled products to help reduce waste that can also be harmful to the environment. Due to these initiatives, both companies have enjoyed higher profit margins and brand loyalty…...

Introduction Several ethical issues, dilemmas, and problems apply to various aspects of psychology, including educational and scientific practices. The expansive body of literature on ethical issues shows that ethical issues are normally multifaceted and usually pose societal, interpersonal, professional, emotional, and intellectual challenges to psychologists. Furthermore, every psychologist can act unethically and harm their clients. In brief, ethics is important in the field of psychology, for it guides psychologists and various aspects of the field they are married to.
Ethics, as a field, emerged from the inquiries about moral life by ancient Greek philosophers. The term ethics is now described as a set of principles or a system that can significantly alter previous considerations regarding choices and actions. Philosophers argue that ethics is a sub-discipline of philosophy that deals with the dynamics of what is right and what is wrong when making decisions. Concerning research, ethics is an evolving field; some of…...

intersectionality, power, and privilege, it is impossible not to wonder if it is human nature to seek, gain, and preserve power at the expense of others and lose all concept of the consequences. As an optimist, I believe that we can all change. In The Sneeches and Other Stories, Dr. Seuss also offers some hope for humanity, showing that it is possible to recognize the essential equality of all people and the importance of actively changing our own behavior to create meaningful changes in society. What Dr. Seuss seems to suggest, and what Johnson talks about in the Introduction and first few sections of Privilege, Power, and Difference, is that it is often up to a few individuals to make the changes that matter.
Of course, it really helps to be made aware of the issues first. I think if we take away one thing from this class, it is…...

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References

Bradberry, T. (2016). 14 psychological forces that make good people do bad things. Retrieved online:  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-good-people-do-bad-things-dr-travis-bradberry 

Dr. Seuss. (1989). The Sneeches and Other Stories.

Johnson, A.G. (2001). Privilege, Power, and Difference

Ethical Theories
The three basic ethical theories share a number of similarities, because they each attempt to describe and explicate the ethical decisions made by humans as well as the logic (or illogic) that is used to inform any particular behavior. Utilitarianism offers what is perhaps the most sound ethical theory due to the way it chooses for itself the goal of its efforts, but it is hampered by disagreement regarding the precise execution of the theory. A deontological theory of ethics may be useful for formulating general rules regarding proper behavior, and as such is popular is the workplace, but these rules are not universally applicable and in some cases can actually lead to unethical behavior if followed without fail. Finally, while virtues-based ethics purports to offer individuals instruction for the cultivation of ideal behavioral traits, by definition it cannot offer a universal ethical norm, as it is based on…...

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References

Begley, A.M. (2005). Practising virtue: A challenge to the view that a virtue centred approach to ethics lacks practical content. Nursing Ethics, 12(6), 622-37.

Broad, C. (1930). Five types of ethical theory. New York: Routledge.

Darwall (Ed.). (2003). Virtue ethics. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.

DeConinck, J.B., & Lewis, W.F. (1997). The influence of deontological and teleological considerations and ethical climate on sales managers intentions to reward or punish sales force behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 16(5), 497-506.

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1. The importance of data governance in healthcare IT systems.
2. The role of data governance in ensuring patient privacy and confidentiality in health IT.
3. Challenges and solutions in implementing effective data governance strategies in healthcare organizations.
4. The impact of data governance on improving healthcare outcomes and patient care.
5. The role of data governance in ensuring data quality and integrity in health IT systems.
6. Ethical considerations in data governance for health IT data.
7. The role of data governance in facilitating interoperability and data sharing in healthcare.
8. The impact of data governance on healthcare analytics and predictive modeling.
9. Strategies for building a....