Ethical Issues in Business
Three areas are worth mentioning that Company Q. could consider when improving their business attitudes. First of all, they should have kept those stores open that were in the higher-crime rate areas of the city. This is no reason in which to close the store because of this issue. In fact, the organization can make much revenue in these areas because of the fact that they will have high traffic for people to come in and purchase their products. What they should have considered is doing a survey for people to fill out in order to find out whether or not to keep it at that particular location or to move to another in which to gain as much revenue as possible (Early, 2002).

egardless, by them committing this act, they are showing that they do not trust the people in that part of the city and refuse…...

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References

Early, R. (2002). Food ethics: a decision making tool for the food industry? Wiley-Blackwell, 339-349.

Reality Sandwich. (2011). The ethics of food. Retrieved May 29, 2011, from Realitly Sandwich:  http://www.realitysandwich.com/ethics_food .

However, some of the most difficult ethical issues involve speculative homebuyers who did not misrepresent their financial qualifications but who understood enough about the housing market and the direct connection between wide-scale mortgage fraud and its effect on artificial real estate appreciation but chose to profit by "flipping"

homes nevertheless. The actual harm caused by any single person in that fashion is likely impossible to measure; on the other hand, such practices by so many investors collectively were responsible for the eventual collapse of the U.S. housing market in

2007 and much of the resulting damage to the nation's economy (Bhide, 2009; Nocera,

2009). Only ethical egoism would have allowed such practices; utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and altruism would all have required reporting the rampant business ethics violations in the mortgage, loan, and investment banking industries, even absent specific legal violations.

eferences

Bhide, a. (2009). "Why Bankers Got So eckless" Business Week, February 9, 2009.

Bradley, D.…...

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References

Bhide, a. (2009). "Why Bankers Got So Reckless" Business Week, February 9, 2009.

Bradley, D. (2008). "Real Estate Fraud." The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 77(9).

Friedman, L.M. (2005). A History of American Law. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Halbert, T., Ingulli, E. (2007). Law & Ethics in the Business Environment. Cincinnati:

Since it is well documented that the largest portion of the gas guzzler market does not have any legitimate practical need for gas guzzling vehicles, it is much more likely to be beneficial to society, on the whole, to phase out gas guzzlers. Potential injustice would also be avoided with respect to those individuals who do have a legitimate requirement for vehicles often considered "gas guzzlers." The proposal does not suggest imposing any ban on gas guzzler production and to whatever extent a genuine market for those vehicles exists among the minority of gas guzzler owners, general economic principles would guarantee that automobile manufacturers produced enough units to maximize the profit margin from any remaining market for gas guzzlers. If the proposal deterred everybody else from purchasing gas guzzlers, that would satisfy both Utilitarian and awlsian principles by virtue of the greatest objective benefit to society (Shaw & Barry, 2007).

Is…...

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References

Shaw, W.H., and Barry, V. (2007). Moral Issues in Business (10th ed.). USA: Thomson

Wadsworth

Ethical Issues in Business and Society: Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room
Enron manipulated the energy market in a manner that hurt consumers and did not reflect the state of real economic demand and supply. This was not capitalism, rather it was criminal behavior. It also used underhanded accounting measures that did not reflect its real losses to delude investors, including employees that had sunk their savings into the company.

The capitalist system demands evidence of short-term profitability for a company to survive. There is little respect for a company that grows slowly, particularly in these volatile economic times. Enron's ability to make it seem as if it was wildly profitable on paper was rewarded.

Q3. Socrates would have said that the ultimate goal of life was excellence, and that true Platonic perfection is not realized by the pursuit of sensual, short-term pleasure. The truth, rather than the mirage must be the…...

As a result, more and more business leaders in the former Soviet Union have begun adopting Western-style codes of ethical conduct in the workplace that reflect many of the fundamental ethical principles recognized in the West.
Article #2 -- Pagano, M. "What are the business ethics of revolution 2.0?"

Independent.co.uk, 13 February 2011.

This article details the tremendous value of modern digital media platforms such as MySpace, FaceBook, and Twitter in connection with the fight for civil rights and fair government on a worldwide basis. In repressive societies, long-established monarchies and other types of dictatorial regimes are able to maintain their control over their populations, largely because there are no opportunities to organize political opposition or civil protests without risking life and limb. However, when very large numbers of people have a means of communicating their concerns, sharing their political criticisms, and (especially) of organizing significant numbers of people in opposition to…...

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References

Narizhnaya, K. "Ethical Business Culture Becoming Codified." The Moscow Times, 23

February 2011. Accessed 23 February, 2011 from:

 http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/ethical-business-culture-becoming-codified/431517.html .

Pagano, M. "What are the business ethics of revolution 2.0?" Independent.co.uk, 13

Toyota has been doing so for decades.
If the NHTSA officials deliberately ignored possible safety violations in Toyota vehicles, their effect upon the economy would be twofold: firstly, of course, is the problem of the obvious safety hazard this poses for drivers. Second, because Toyota was insulated from bad publicity regarding its brand, unlike American car manufactures, this gave Toyota an unfair competitive advantage and must be cited as one of the many reasons for the faltering of the American 'Big Three' in the marketplace. Toyota built its brand name on its superior quality, but clearly this 'branding' was false, now that the long-hidden truth has been revealed. Still, Toyota has been so effective in transmitting its message of quality, some consumers see the serious safety problems as only a small hiccup in Toyota's history -- not part of a larger problem at the company.

Due to Toyota's influence on Congress,…...

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Reference

Cullen, Elaine. (2010, February 10). "Toyota ethics problems indication of larger Japanese government ethics problems." Current Political Scene. Retrieved April 30, 2010 at http://www.currentpoliticalscene.com/2010/02/toyota-ethics-problems-indication-of.html

ethics of business regarding computer technology. The writer focuses on the issue of email privacy and whether employers have the right to read and act on private email sent by employees from their workstations. The writer explores both sides of the issue and the laws that have pertained thus far. There were four sources used to complete this paper.
The technological explosion of the last few decades has taken the world to heights that were never before imagined. Today, with the click of a mouse one can handle their stocks, plan their vacations, and purchase goods from around the world and chat with others across the ocean. It is an era of wonder and excitement but it brings with it ethical questions that have never before been asked. The technological explosion has allowed businesses to go global in their efforts. Communication has become instantaneous with the click of a button.…...

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References

Kelly, Eileen P (2001). Electronic monitoring of employees in the workplace., National Forum, pp 4.

Author not available (2000). TELLING ALL ABOUT INTERNET MONITORING POLICY CAN KEEP YOUR OFFICE LITIGATION-FREE., PR News.

Author not available (2002). DEALING WITH COMPUTER-RELATED DISCIPLINARY CASES., Africa News Service,.

Bronwyn Fryer (1999). Tech/Computers And The Web: E-Mail: Backbone Of The Info Age Or Smoking Gun?., Your Company, pp 73+.

ethical issues for business organizations in the twenty-first century. The forces of globalization have increased the degree to which diverse groups in society have grown dependent on one another. Hence, their expectations influence the freedoms and responsibilities of other groups. The expectations of various stakeholders have placed greater responsibilities on business organizations to be ethical in their communication with their stakeholders. Business organizations are under growing pressure to be ethical in their employment practices and in the sourcing of raw materials and labour for their operations. In addition, they are expected to recognize their responsibility towards the economic and social development of the communities where they operate and those that they influence through their operations. Hence, business organizations are also responsible to act ethically in relation to their use of the resources of the environment and to the extent that they influence it in adverse ways, such as by…...

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References

Alder, C.S., & Gilbert, J. (2006). Achievign ethics and fairness in hiring: Going beyond the law. Journal of business ethics, Vol. 68, pp. 449-464. doi: 10.1007/s10551-006-9039-z.

Dresp-Langley, B. (2008). The communication contract and its ten ground clauses. Journal of business ethics, Vol. 87, pp. 415-436. doi: 10.1007/s10551-008-9929-3.

Duska, R.F. (2006). Contemporary reflections on business ethics. Springer Publications.

Low, W., & Davenport, E. (2009). Organizational leadership, ethicsand the challenges of marketing fair and fair trade. Journal of business ethics, Vol. 86, pp. 97-108. doi: 10.1007/s10551-008-9763-7.

While the "quality and the craftsmanship [of Tiffany & Co.'s products] must stand the test of time," the conscience of a socially responsible attitude towards its products becomes an even more important element in order to make the customers appreciate the true value of its offer.
The added value of an "industry leader" approach concerning the social responsibility issues involved by the industry is also a desired course of action, as it brings positive effects on the environment and the fulfillment of ethical promises by the company, its ambassadorship within the industry brings even greater environmental benefits, through a stronger alliance to lobby and fight for the environment.

From a business point-of-view, it brings Tiffany's a differentiation point, giving it a competitive advantage in front of its competitors, something that just working with price, placement, promotion and products (marketing mix elements) can not entirely achieve.

This brings us to the discussion of…...

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Bibliography

Business dictionary, Ethical Issue definition, retrieved online November 6, 2009 at  http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/ethical-issue.html 

Business dictionary, Fiduciary Duty definition, retrieved online November 6, 2009 at  http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/fiduciary-duty.html 

Gagnon, Geoffrey, Moving Mountains, Legal Affairs, Sept-Oct 2004, retrieved online November 6, 2009 at  http://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/September-October-2004/story_gagnon_sepoct04.msp 

Kosich, Dorothy, And, now, a few words from Tiffany & Co, Mineweb, South Africa, November 11, 2004, retrieved online November 5, 2009 at  http://www.mineweb.com/mineweb/view/mineweb/en/page15831?oid=3232&sn=Detail

Ethical Practices ithin Business
BP Struggles to Resolve Sustainability Disaster

Over the past 20th century and in the 21st century, ethics has neither been an option nor a luxury. It has not only become a moral or legal responsibility, but has also been an organizational priority within all sets of work groups, including both public and private institutions, organizations and companies. Ethical practices have also become the only strategy to combat the growing impatience within the society, as well as their responsible competitions and/or actions. These ill and unethical acts may in the long run impoverish a section of the regional economy through various organizations while enriching the crafty economies. Organizational leaders must thereby keep abreast of the rapidly changing technological advancements together with their possible effects on globalization, competitor products and services, opportunities, and threats that their organizations may face. Over a century, BP, the formerly Anglo-Persian Oil Company and British…...

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Work Cited

Carl, Safina. BP Struggles to Resolve Sustainability Disaster. Annual Report and Form- Case

4, 32:2, (2012),342-352.

Pay Inequality
Pay equality has for the longest time been one of the most hotly debated topics in the corporate world. When the Equal Pay bill became law in 1963, women were averagely earning just 58.9% of what men were averagely being paid, according to the congressional committee that tabled the bill. In 2011, this percentage had increased to about 77% of what men were averagely being paid for full-time work. These statistics show that there is a somewhat entrenched mentality of paying women lower wages for a job that men would be paid higher for, despite the fact that many firms are claiming to have put in place measures to bring about gender equality in their workplaces (Dontigney, n.d.). This paper examines the issue underlying the equal pay between men and women.

Moral Arguments

Some human resource managers have argued that the difference in pay between women and men for the same…...

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Bibliography

Andrews, K. (2015, July 14). Why the gender pay gap is a myth. Retrieved from The Spectator: http://blogs.new.spectator.co.uk/2015/07/the-gender-pay-gap-is-a-myth/

Babcock, L., & Laschever, S. (2003). Women don't ask Negotiation and the gender divide. Princeton: Princeton University.

Blau, F., & Kahn, L. (2007). The Gender Pay Gap. Academy of Management Perspectives, 7-23.

Bluestone, B., Murphy, W. M., Stevenson, M (1973). Low wages and the working poor. Policy papers in Human Resources and Industrial Relations 22. Ann Arbor: Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations.

Business Ethics
An ethical issue refers to a situation whereby an organization is required to choose amongst alternatives that must be evaluated as either wrong or right. For example, an ethical issue arises when a business company opts to make as much profit while pollution the environment, the dilemma here being the regulation and social consequences. The company management may opt to bribing the regulation implementing organization as long as they continue making short-term profits before the law catches up with them, by then they may be forced to attire with the rule or shut down but they will have made as much finances than when they may have started and the consequences on the social life will have reached the stage where it affects their health and made the environment unbearable. The principle of autonomy; which requires individuals to be left on their own independence to conduct their activities, make…...

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References

Andrew, J. (2008). Utilitarianism and deontology theories. New York: John and sons ltd.

Ferrell, O.C., & Fraedrich, J. (2012). Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making & Cases. Salt Lake: Cengage Learning.

Joanne, B. (2010). Ethics and Business success. Mexico: Greenwood press.

John, K., & Berlyn, M. (2009). Assessing the effectiveness of decision making models. Normative and rationale models, 15 (14), 319-325.

Ethical Dilemmas in Business
Case One:

This is a situation where a disgruntled worker from the company's main competitor mailed top-secret information or innovative product samples to me. Some of the major concerns that arise include whether to forward the information to the firm's research department or to mail the information back to the competitor informing them what is happening. The other ethical dilemmas that arise include whether to ignore or throw the secrets away and whether to notify the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI). hile this situation is more of an ethical situation, it's also a legal concern because of the legal aspects that arise when choosing the most suitable course of action and the legal implications.

From a legal perspective, this situation is covered by Uniform Trade Secrets Act, which contains various provisions on misappropriation and gathering information through improper means. According to the Act, misappropriation is obtaining trade secrets of…...

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Works Cited:

Ackerman, Frank, and Kevin Gallagher. "Getting the Prices Wrong: The Limits of Market-Based Environmental Policy." Tufts University. Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University, Oct. 2000. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. .

Millien, Raymond. "Gathering Information on Your Competitors: Competitive Intelligence or Trade Secret Theft?" Washington D.C. Intellectual Property Attorney. DC-Based IP Attorney Raymond Millien, Mar. 2010. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. .

Whipple, Bryan. "Legal Advice: Business Law." LawGuru Answers. WebsiteBroker, Inc., 7 Apr.

2008. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. .

Had the Saints not engaged in corporate social responsibility, they likely would have abdicated a significant proportion of their market base.
Another example of corporate social responsibility is the recent campaign by Coca Cola to save polar bears, which are an endangered species. The polar bear effectively represents the mascot for the Coke brand, and so Coke has a (manufactured) affiliation with the species. By financially assisting the global effort to save polar bears, Coca Cola acts as corporate philanthropists while at the same time garnering positive publicity for their efforts. In this regard, good ethics are again equated with productive business (Burton, Goldsby, 2010).

Alternately, companies that disregard corporate social responsibility experience substantial corporate loss. For example, the Miami Marlins baseball team convinced the city of Miami to publicly fund their stadium, under the premise that they would spend ample amounts of money to field a competitive baseball team. After…...

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References

Burton, K., Goldsby, M.G. (2010). The moral floor: A philosophical examination of the connection between ethics and business. Journal of Business Ethics, 91(1), 145-154.

Carroll, a.B., Shabana, K.M. (2010). The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research, and practice. International Journal of Management Reviews, 2(1), 85-105.

" The code also states when communicating investment information care must be taken to ensure that it is fair, accurate and complete as well as make full and fair disclosure of all matters that could reasonably be expected to impair their independence and objectivity or interfere with respective duties to their clients, prospective clients, and employer.
Evidence indicates Lehman's senior financial executives knew of the Repo 105 transactions and certified the accuracy of Lehman's financial statements and disclosures despite having full knowledge that the company had engaged in the use of these transactions to hide their toxic assets and make their financial statements appear to be in good health when, in reality, they were not. These executives were fully aware that the financial statements were misleading and did not fairly present the true position of the company.

Hiding toxic assets and releasing favorable financial statements to investors each quarter clearly was intended…...

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Works Cited

Ahrens, Frank. "Lehmann Brothers, the Evil Repo 105s and the Danger of Off-

Balance-Sheet Deals." Washingtonpost.com, 20 April 2010. Web. 18 March 2013.

"Code of Ethics and Professional Standards" CFA Institute, Vol. 2010, No. 14, June 2010. Web. 18 March 2013.

Jeffers, Agatha E. "Lehman Brother -- the Thin Line between Aggressive Accounting and Unethical Behavior." European Journal of Management, Vol. 11, Issue 4, Winter 2011. Web. 18 March 2013.