Ethical Dilemma
In the first scenario, the vice president of a beer company has been asked to organize a lobbying effort to reduce the drinking age to 18. From a strictly legal perspective, there is nothing wrong with this request. The company has the legal right to lobby government for legislative changes that it wants to see. Indeed, the Citizens United ruling expands the privilege of free speech in elections to all bodies, individual or corporate. From a legal perspective the company can organize such an effort and if it is successful will have achieved its objectives through legal channels.

The ethics of the issue are a little fuzzier. There are different ethical perspectives that can be used to analyze this issue. One perspective is the consequentialist perspective. A consequentialist looks to the outcomes of one's actions to determine the moral worth of those actions. The different outcomes here can be wide-ranging,…...

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Works Cited

Alexander, L. & Moore, M (2007) Deontological ethics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved November 24, 2012 from  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-deontological/

In such a case, moral code is not the only decision making tool (Harding, 2010). Many things come into play when one is confronted with an ethical dilemma. In this situation, the new officer would not want to go against his older and experienced officers. It would also not to be right to order for food freely when the restaurant is opened purposefully for business. The available choices build up a complex dilemma that cannot be easily decided thus the situation becomes uncomfortable.
Comparisons

According to the moral code, the officers are supposed to pay for the services given to them. This would mean that they are appreciating whatever services the restaurant provides. Although the owner seems to have no issues with the officers no having free meals in his restaurant, he might be wondering why would they not pay for the food at times (Steinberg & Austern, 1990). Paying for…...

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References

Garber, P.R. (2008 Garber, P.R. (2008). The ethical dilemma. Amherst: HRD.

Harding, C.G. (2010). Moral dilemmas and ethical reasoning. New Brunswick [N.J.: Transaction Publishers.

Pollock, J.M. (2012). Ethical dilemmas and decisions in criminal justice. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.s

Steinberg, S.S., & Austern, D. (1990). Government, ethics, and managers: A guide to solving ethical dilemmas in the public sector. New York: Praeger.

Ethical dilemmas surrounding DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) orders
Ethical dilemmas surrounding Do Not Resuscitate orders

In carrying out their duties, health care givers face many ethical issues that sometimes affect their personal lives. These require that they make ethical decisions, which may affect them and their patients, as well. An example of a situation that puts the health care givers into an ethical dilemma is the application of the Do Not Resuscitate, which seeks to counter the invasive and painful experience of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. A health care profession needs to make a critical decision on when he or she should obey the order and on when he or she should ignore it. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these ethical and legal issues, and give recommendations of addressing them.

In the 1950s, the world witnessed the development of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, by closed chest massage, to help patients who suffer cardiac and/or…...

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Works Cited

Brewer, Brenda Carol, ASN, BA, C.C.R.N., M.S.N.(s). "Do Not Abandon, Do Not Resuscitate: A Patient Advocacy Position." Journal of Nursing Law 12.2 (2008): 78-84. ABI/INFORM Complete; ABI/INFORM Global; ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry; ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry; Accounting & Tax; The Advocate (Stamford); Baltimore Sun; Banking Information Source; Greenwich Time; Hartford Courant; Los Angeles Times; Morning (TRUNCATED). Web. 11 Feb. 2013.

Cook, Renee, et al. "Do Not Resuscitate Orders in Suicidal Patients: Clinical, Ethical, and Legal Dilemmas." Psychosomatics 51.4 (2010): 277-82. ABI/INFORM Complete; ABI/INFORM Global; ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry; accounting & Tax; The Advocate (Stamford); Baltimore Sun; Banking Information Source; Greenwich Time; Hartford Courant; Los Angeles Times; Morning (TRUNCATED). Web. 11 Feb. 2013.

Grace, Pamela J. Nursing Ethics and Professional Responsibility in Advanced Practice. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2009. Print.

Sanders, Alan, Melissa Schepp, and Marianne Baird. "Partial Do Not Resuscitate orders: A hazard to patient safety and clinical outcomes?" Critical Care Medicine 39.1 (2011): 14-18. Web, 11 Feb. 2013.

Ethical Dilemma
I once worked as an office assistant at bank. Amongst other things, the office handled investments for clients. This business is fraught with ethical issues. In one situation, there was an employee - a stock broker -- who was pedaling to his clients a company in which he had an interest. This is considered to be unethical, because people who advise on investments are supposed to have a duty of care towards the customer. They are supposed to give advice that is impartial, among other things. Clearly, the advice to invest in this company was impartial. I was curious about this more than anything else, being very junior, so I asked my supervisor about the situation. I was essentially told in no uncertain terms to ignore the practice because "that's just how he works." I referred to industry sources and realized that the actions were in fact unethical, and…...

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Works Cited:

Alexander, L. & Moore, M. (2007). Deontological ethics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved October 27, 2011 from  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-deontological/ 

Driver, J. (2009). The history of utilitarianism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved October 27, 2011 from  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history/ 

McConnell, T. (2010). Moral dilemmas. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved October 27, 2011 from  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-dilemmas/

4, para.2). Therefore, the presence of an underlying mental illness that did not render a defendant unable to appreciate that he was committing a crime or compel him to commit it, may still be sufficient to mitigate the crime. Furthermore, a lack of mental ability that does not rise to the level of mental retardation may be introduced to mitigate the crime. Therefore, the forensic psychologist needs to be able to assess a defendant's mental functioning, from the standpoint of intellectual and emotional functioning in order to assess competency.
In fact, while mental retardation is not a mental illness, the presence of mental retardation is an issue that forensic psychologists may have to determine when looking into the death penalty. For most of the history of the death penalty, mental retardation was not a barrier to the imposition of the death penalty. However, in Atkins v. Virginia, the Court determined that…...

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References

Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002).

Coker v. Georgia, 433 U.S. 584 (1977).

Cunningham, M. (2006). Special issues in capital sentencing. Applied Psychology in Criminal

Justice, 2(3), 205-236.

This is an extraordinary ethical dilemma, historically speaking and thus reflected through the novel, because, from a utilitarian point-of-view, the action of allying with the Soviets during the Second World War is just: choosing the lesser of the evils to defeat the greatest evil manifesting itself at that time, the evil one is fighting. On the other hand, given the later implications, the evil force that the Soviet Union came to represent, we are wondering whether or not it was the actual just decision to make.

On a micro level, we have small, individually addressed ethical dilemmas, like the one Gunther ehn is having. It is interesting to point out towards this ethical dilemma because, in some ways, it seems as if such small, micro dilemmas, are tying in to the title of the book.

Gunther was a decorated German soldier during the First World War and then worked as a police…...

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Bibliography

1. Kanon, Joseph. The Good German. Picador USA. June 2002

Moral Distress

According to a peer-reviewed article in Nursing Ethics, moral distress has become an increasingly serious concern in the nursing profession. The implication is that moral distress is associated with "ethical climate"; in other words, when a nurse knows full well the right thing to do in any particular healthcare situation but finds that "institutional constraints make it nearly impossible to pursue the right courts of action," that nurse is exhibiting signs of moral distress. Of course moral distress can and does also result from burnout (Pauly, 2009, p. 562).

In approaching this question through research the authors discovered -- through a survey of 374 nurses in British Columbia -- that morally distressing experiences "may not be frequent, they may have significant impact when they do occur" (Pauly, 569). Indeed, some nurses had "vivid memories of morally distressing situations that had occurred many years previously" (Pauly, 569). Pauly also reports that…...

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Works Cited

De Casterle, Bernadette Dierckx, Izumi, Shigeko, Godfrey, Nelda S., and Denhaerynck, Kris.

(2008). Nurses' responses to ethical dilemmas in nursing practice: meta-analysis, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 63(6), 540-549.

Ohnishi, Kayoko, Ohgushi, Yasuko, Nakano, Masataka, Fugii, Hirohide, Tanaka, Hiromi, Kitaoka, Kazuyo, Nakahara, Jun, and Narita, Yugo. (2010). Moral distress experienced by psychiatric nurses in Japan. Nursing Ethics, 17(6), 726-740.

Pauly, Bernadette, Varcoe, Colleen, Storch, Janet, and Newton, Lorelei. (2009). Registered

Ethical Dilemmas & Marketing
Ethical Dilemmas

Ethical dilemmas in international marketing

Background of Marketing Ethics

Ethical Issues in Marketing

Modern Debate in Stakeholder Theory

Ethical Theories

Teleological Theories

Virtue Ethics

Ethics in Marketing

Ethical dilemmas in international marketing

Humanity has long struggled with the question of what constitutes ethical behavior. The answer to this question has not always been simple or easy especially in the midst of conflicting interests. Businesses desire and need to sell products to consumers but serious issues arise regarding the methods and effects of such marketing activities. This research paper is aimed at exploring the ethical dilemmas in international marketing by using previous studies as well as a detail discussion of different theories related to business and marketing ethics.

Background of Marketing Ethics

Business ethics awareness has increased greatly since the 1990s. A 1994 study of Fortune 500 industrials and 500 service corporations examined how these 1,000 U.S. companies incorporated ethics into their corporate policies, structure, activities, and personnel.…...

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References

Agle, B., Donaldson, T., Freeman, R., Jensen, M., Mitchell, R., & Wood, D. (2008). Dialogue: Towards superior stakeholder theory. Business Ethics Quarterly, 18(2), 153-190.

Aristotle. (2004). Nicomachean ethics (F.H. Peters, Trans.). New York: Barnes & Nobel. (Original work published 1893).

Audi, R. (2009) Objectivity without egoism: Toward balance in business ethics. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 8(2). 263-274.

Byrne, J.A.(2002). After Enron: The ideal corporation. Business Week, 3796, 68-71.

Given a situation in which one person lies and the truth would hurt the others, the dilemma resides in whether the person should continue lying or confess
Free to do otherwise - a situation in which a general solution is proposed for a wider population, but some members feel it is not right for the individually. The dilemma resides in whether the individuals will do what is best for the group or for themselves

The ascetic tale of Chrysippus the Stoic - a situation in which one has to state whether a pleasure is good or bad and choose form them The pirate - a situation involving two colleagues, one saving to purchase an expensive software program from the company and one stealing it. The dilemma resides around whether the one who saves should do nothing, report the theft or steal the product herself (Cohen, 2003)

4. Resolving Ethical Dilemmas in Business

Once…...

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Works Cited

Cohen, M., 101 Ethical Dilemmas, Routledge, 2003

Crane, A., Matten, D., Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of Globalization, Oxford University Press, 2007

Crystal, G., What Is Business Ethics? Wise Geek, 2008,   Ast accessed on December 8, 2008http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-business-ethics.html .

Vallace, E.M., Business Ethics at Work, Cambridge University Press, 1995

Kirst-Ashman & Hull (2008: 280) mention an example involving a social worker who is transferred to another department with a higher salary. He is however involved with a client who had just completed a long journey of establishing trust with him. If he leaves her at this time, she will a have great difficulty to reestablish trust, and she will also feel betrayed by him. It is important to consider her well-being as highly important; more so than the transfer or the increased salary. From an ethical point-of-view, the best decision would be to maintain the relationship with the client, and opt for a transfer once her service is terminated, or once she is sufficiently stable to build a functional relationship with a different social worker.
With the development of online technology, social work and ethics have also acquired an extra dimension. The Internet has made research both easier and…...

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References

Hepworth, Dean H., Rooney, Ronald H., Rooney, Glenda Dewberry, Strom-Gottfried, Kim & Larsen, Jo Ann. (2009). Direct Social Work Practice: Theory and Skills. Cengage Learning.

Franklin, Cynthia, Harris, Mary Beth, Allen-Maeres, Paula. (2006). The School Services Sourcebook: a guide for school-based professionals. Oxford University Press.

Kirst-Ashman, Karen K., Hull, Grafton H. (2008). Understanding Generalist Practice. Cengage Learning.

McCleary, Roseanna (2007). Ethical Issues in Online Social Work Research. Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, Vol. 4, No.1.  http://www.socialworker.com/jswve/content/view/46/50/

Ethical Dilemma
The first question that we are to consider asks us to address many of the actual issues that come up in the course of medical decisions, and not simply in terms of cancer treatment. It is often the case that parents and children will not agree over a proposed treatment for the child; the ethical conflicts that can follow such a disagreement can be extremely traumatic. This is especially problematic for the family given that they are already suffering through the trauma of health problems, often terribly serious ones.

In the case study with which we are presented we lack certain key pieces of information that we would have in a real-world case and that are in fact necessary for us to have in order to make a finely balanced ethical decision (Brody, 1988, pp. 36-8). The first of these is the age of the child. A child cannot be…...

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References

Brody, B.A. (1988). Life and Death Decision Making. New York: Oxford University Press.

Guidal, D. & Semin, S. (2000). The influences of drug companies' advertising programs on physicians. International Journal of Health Services, 30(3), 585-95.

Lakhan, S.E., Hamlat, E., McNamee, T., & Laird, C. (2009). Time for a unified approach to medical ethics. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 4(3), 13.

Ryan, C.J. (2010). Ethical issues. Psychiatric Times, 27(6), 26-27.

The core of the problem that is tied to use of child labor by its suppliers is price. Incase apple tries to police the suppliers they might shift the problem to another part of the firm or even create more problems. This therefore means that Apple should give severe penalties and punishments in combination with general hands off approach to compliance auditing regarding to issues outside the quality of the components. Apple should therefore terminate the contracts they have with such suppliers and charge them any costs that the company might incur incase they find the suppliers to be in violation in any of the rules that are related to child labor or caustic chemicals. They may terminate the contracts for there, five and up to ten years.
Apple has taken a blind eye to their suppliers and have acted as though this are common practices in a region such…...

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Reference

Enderle, R. (2010). It Business Edge. Apple and the Ethical/Business Problems of Child Labor and Other Unsavory Practices. Retrieved December 3, 2012 from  http://www.itbusinessedge.com/cm/blogs/enderle/apple-and-the-ethicalbusiness-problems-of-child-labor-and-other-unsavory-practices/?cs=39724

Ethical Dilemmas in Special Education
The ethical issues involved in special education are manifold. In many cases, the students are unable to perform certain activities unimpaired, and in many cases they will not ever attain a legal majority or emancipation. This already puts the educator in a more proprietary position than the mere invocation of in loco parentis could ever hope to capture.

Yet this seems to point toward a greater degree of potential paternalistic condescension on the educators part, something which we might consider as a particularly bitter irony about the state of special education overall, based on the origins of the present system of special education in America as being among the legal and educational reforms prompted by the Civil Rights movement inititated by African-Americans in the 1950s and 1960s. Congress' 1975 passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children act would remedy the earlier shocking statistic that only one…...

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Works Cited

Alderson, Priscilla and Goodey, Christopher. "Doctors, Ethics, and Special Eduction." Journal of Medical Ethics 24.1 (Feb. 1998): 49-55.

Berkeley, Terry R. And Ludlow, Barbara L. "Ethical Dilemmas in Rural Special Education: A Call for a Conversation about the Ethics of Practice." Rural Special Education Quarterly 27.1/2 (2008): 3-9.

Black, Dora and Subotsky, Fiona. "Medical Ethics and Child Psychiatry." Journal of Medical Ethics 8.1 (March 1982): 5-8.

Coleman, J. Michael. "Handicapped Labels and Instructional Segregation: Influences on Children's Self-Concepts vs. The Perceptions of Others." Learning Disability Quarterly 6.1 (Winter 1983): 3-11.

Ethical Dilemmas in IT
Ethical Dilemmas in Information Technology

Information technology is a relatively recent phenomenon in our everyday political, social, and private lives. As such, centuries-old understandings of ethics and morality cannot easily be reconciled with the ever growing development of information technology. There are numerous cases, when information technology poses ethical dilemmas. In general, such cases occur when the good of the organization (government, companies) conflicts with the good of the individual. For example, the questions of privacy and intellectual property are the two issues where information technology poses serious ethical dilemmas.

In most democratic countries of the world, the right to privacy is protected by law. It is an aspect of human dignity as well as civil liberty but a dilemma occurs because large volumes of private data today are stored in computer databases by governments, organizations, business companies, and human rights advocacy groups. There is a fundamental dilemma in…...

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References

Myers, M.D., & Miller, L. (1996). Ethical Dilemmas in the Use of Information Technology: An Aristotelian Perspective. Ethics & Behavior, 6(2), 153.

Tremlett, G (2006, Nov., 2) Spanish court rules free music downloads are legal for private use. The Guardian. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2011, from  http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2006/nov/03/news.spain

Ethical Dilemma in Nursing: Case Analysis
Ethics is a significant portion in any profession. In nursing professional ethics is part of the daily practices of nurses. Nurses require building up skills to react ethically to mistakes and make ethical choices (Finkelman & Kenner 2012, p.182). Particularly, nurses require the knowledge of ethical reflection in order to discern moral dilemmas and injustices. Nevertheless, a nurse practitioner is required to stick to ethical principles that ensure that patient care is considered a primary focus in the nursing practice. There are certain situations where a doctor or a nurse practitioner is required to conceal a patient's health condition in order to prevent harm to the well-being of a patient. This happens to terminally ill patients perhaps through a request from family or friends. The protective attitude of family and the society to the critically or terminally ill patient is usually convoyed by a paternalistic…...

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Reference List

Callahan, J, 1988," Ethical issues in professional life. New York: Oxford University Press

Finkelman, A., & Kenner, C, 2012," Professional nursing concepts: Competencies for quality leadership. New York: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Pellegriono, E, 1995," Is truth telling to the patient a cultural artifact? Health Care Ethics in Canada. Toronto: Harcout Brace Canada

Sheldon, L., 2009, " Communication for nurses: Talking with patients. New York: Jones & Bartlett Learning

I. Introduction
A. Definition of the Human Condition
B. Importance of Studying the Human Condition
C. Thesis Statement: Exploring key aspects of the human condition and their significance in shaping human existence.

II. Historical Perspectives on the Human Condition
A. Ancient Philosophical Views (e.g., Aristotle, Plato)
B. Medieval and Renaissance Perspectives (e.g., Thomas Aquinas, Machiavelli)
C. Enlightenment Thinkers (e.g., Rousseau, Hobbes)

III. Psychological Dimensions of the Human Condition
A. Human Emotions and Behavior
B. Cognitive Processes and Perceptions
C. Impact of Social and Environmental Factors

IV. Existential and Philosophical Views
A. Existentialism: Meaning and Purpose
B. Absurdity and Anxiety in Human Existence
C.....

1. The Impact of Theft on School Climate and Student Well-being

Explore the psychological and emotional impact of theft on students, teachers, and administrators.
Examine the consequences of reduced trust and increased fear within the school environment.
Discuss how theft creates a distraction from learning and disrupts the sense of community.

2. The Role of Security Measures in Deterring Theft

Analyze the effectiveness of various security measures, such as surveillance cameras, access control systems, and security guards.
Discuss the cost-benefit ratio of implementing different security measures.
Explore the potential benefits and drawbacks of using technology to prevent theft.

3. The Psychological Factors....

Topic 1: The Geopolitics of Resistance: Understanding the Regional and Global Implications of Ukraine's Defiance

Introduction:

The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict has reverberated across the globe, highlighting the complex interplay between geopolitics, nationalism, and international relations. Ukraine's unwavering resistance against Russian aggression has tested the limits of power and diplomacy, with profound consequences for the region and the world. This essay will delve into the geopolitical implications of Ukraine's defiance, examining its impact on regional alliances, global security dynamics, and the future of the post-Cold War order.

Body:

1. Reshaping Regional Alliances:

Ukraine's resistance has strengthened ties between Western nations, solidifying NATO as a united front....

These statements can serve as a foundation for essays that explore various dimensions of end-of-life care, including ethical considerations, the impact of technology, the importance of palliative care, and the role of family and caregivers. Each thesis sets the stage for a detailed discussion on its respective topic, allowing for a deep dive into the complexities and nuances involved in end-of-life care and decision-making.

"The implementation of advanced care planning significantly improves end-of-life care by ensuring that individuals' preferences and values are respected, highlighting the need for more widespread adoption of these practices in healthcare settings."

"While technological advancements in medicine have....