Equiano Douglas
The narratives of Frederick Douglass and Thomas Equiano both offer insight into the African and African-American experiences prior to the Civil ar. hile both Douglass and Equiano can both easily be classified as abolitionists, their approach to abolitionism and political activism via literature differs significantly. One of the main reasons why Douglass and Equiano differ in their approach is that they wrote during completely different time periods: Equiano nearly a century prior to Douglass. Equiano's perspective therefore focuses more on the trans-Atlantic slave trade and even on slavery in Africa. Douglass's narrative was penned after the Fugitive Slave Act and the Compromise of 1850 had been passed. Moreover, the two men had completely different life stories: which are recounted in their respective autobiographies. These autobiographies form the basis for scholarship on African-American history, literature, and politics.

Newman puts Douglass into a historical perspective of the history of black political activism…...

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Works Cited

Newman, Lance. "Free Soil And The Abolitionist Forests Of Frederick Douglass's "The Heroic Slave." American Literature 81.1 (2009): 127. Biography Reference Bank (H.W. Wilson). Web. 23 Mar. 2012.

Richards, Phillip M. Equiano, The African: Biography of the Self-Made Man. Review. Journal of the Early Republic.

Students' Guide to African-American Literature, 1760 to the Present. 5-33. Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., 2003. Literary Reference Center. Web. 23 Mar. 2012.

Equiano's Travels: A Summary of the Story
Equiano begins his story in Eboe, his homeland, a province of the kingdom of Benin. His tales recount his observations in his homeland and he notes some of the cultural and social events he encounters during his travels. He tells of the justice system in his homeland, which he thought to be fair - law of retaliation. He also notes the double standards present; husbands can have as many wives as they want, but the woman is allowed only one husband, and adultery was punishable by death. He makes note of things like these and continues to note other issues surrounding marriage and kinship relations. He seems to have a great interest in human nature and how relationships are carried out with one another.

Equiano also goes into the joy people experience around him. How they celebrate even the minor events with "dancing, musicians, and…...

Olaudah Equiano / Prince Slave Stories
The story of Olaudah Equiano began in Nigeria in 1745, when he was born; by the age of 11 Equiano was a victim of kidnapping and was sold to slave traders. His fate was not to be nearly as harsh as millions of other African natives that were seized and put into bondage, as his own writing reveals. But he was a slave and suffered the indignities that accompany slavery. The remarkable part of this story is the way that he tells his own story, written descriptively and in professional narrative, and what happens to him along the way. This paper references his tale, and also the paper reviews the life of a Muslim Prince who became a slave -- Abdul Rahman Ibrahima (referred to in this paper as The Prince). In summary, the paper will conclude with the writing of Frederick Douglass, which offers…...

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Works Cited

Douglass, Frederick. "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" Teaching American History.

Retrieved December 19, 2012, from  http://teachingamericanhistory.org .

Islamicity.com. "A True Story of a Prince Among Slaves." Retrieved December 19, 2012,

from  http://www.icna.org .

Even with that, the fact that Equiano came across several supportive masters across his life as a slave was essential in making him better prepared to deal with conditions in a society that was generally inclined to favor white individuals in favor of black people.
Matters were critical for slaves living at the time, especially for those working on plantations set on the American continent, with their masters being willing to work them to death, certain that black people were easily replaceable and that their only value was related to their capability to generate incomes through using physical power. Equiano is responsible for showing the world that black people were not actually as inferior as most people preferred to believe. His intellect made him a respected individual, one that was better prepared to deal with issues related to discrimination. Even when he was mistaken for a slave (at the time…...

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Works cited:

Equiano, Olaudah. "The Life of Olaudah Equiano." (Cosimo, Inc., 2009).

Olaudah Equiano's Interesting Narrative and Harriet Jacob's Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
During the 18th century, laws ensured that slaves could not legally learn how to read and write, but many did so anyway and, with the help of antislavery activists, managed to publish their poignant accounts of slavery based on their first-hand experience. For modern readers, these narratives continue to provide an eloquent but disturbing description of the brutal conditions that existed for four million black people in the Land of the Free as recently as 140 years ago or so. The first such first-hand account of a slave's experiences was Olaudah Equiano's The Interesting Narrative. Equiano's vivid descriptions of his adventures are supported by documents written by those who knew him as well as the historical record. Likewise, Harriet Jacob's Incidents in The life of A Slave Girl represented the first such slave narrative written…...

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Works Cited

Jacobs, Harriet. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl - Written by Herself. (1993 ed.). The University of Virginia: American Studies.  http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/JACOBS/hjhome.htm .

Equiano, Olaudah. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African. Written by Himself. New York: Bedford Books, 1995.

Gates, H.L., Jr., & McKay, N.Y. (Eds.). The Norton Anthology: African-American Literature. New York W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1997.

Equiano
Slave narratives like those of Frederick Douglass and Oladuh Equiano are essential to understanding the institution and the effect oppression has on the human body, mind, and spirit. Each slave narrative also offers something unique, because no two stories will be the same. Different slaves have different experiences, as well as different reactions to those experiences. Slaves like Frederick Douglass and Oladuh Equiano have formative experiences developed during their childhood, initial capture, and term of enslavement: experiences that provide them with special skills. Those skills could later help them escape and articulate their experiences in writing, thereby promoting the political and social liberation of slaves. Equiano worked much of his life as an assistant to a ship's captain, exposing him to different people and offering him a worldly outlook that would help him later when he attained freedom. Douglass had a completely different background, learning how to calk. Equiano and…...

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Work Cited

Equiano, Olaudah. The Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, The African Written by Himself. Boston: Knapp, 1837.

1 p.81)
Why a]re the dearest friends and relations now... prevented from cheering the gloom of slavery with the small comfort of being together and mingling their sufferings and sorrows? Why are parents to lose their children, brothers their sisters, or husbands their wives? Surely this is a new refinement in cruelty, which, while it has no advantage to atone for it, thus aggravates distress, and adds fresh horrors even to the wretchedness of slavery... I have even known them gratify their brutal passion with females not ten years old; and these abominations some of them practised to such scandalous excess, that one of our captains discharged the mate and others on that account." (Vol. 1 p. 206)

On the other hand, there is a paradoxical problem that probably undermines that hope: awareness of how much worse slaves were treated earlier in their lives could have also allowed some of the…...

By stressing her humility, Wheatley was able to remind the reader that even if he was of a 'superior' race, class, or social status, all were ultimately small in the eyes of the Almighty. Bradstreet and Wheatley gently used their supposedly 'lower' status to remind viewers that everyone was humble in God's eyes. In her poem "To the university of Cambridge, in New England" Wheatley writes of Jesus: "When the whole human race by sin had fall'n, / He deign'd to die that they might rise again." While she begins her poem referencing her color and African origin in a "land of errors," ultimately all human beings are fallen and must be justified before God, black and white. Even more explicitly in her poem "On Being Brought from Africa to America," Wheatley writes: "Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Cain, / May be refin'd and join th'angelic train." Wheatley expresses…...

It is evident that in his case, he tried to improve his condition by looking at his captors as providing him with guidance, and it is in this perception that Equiano's journey becomes meaningful, both literally and symbolically, as he eventually improved his status in life by educating himself after being a free man.
Bozeman (2003) considered Equiano's experience as beneficial and resulted to Equiano's changed worldview at how he looked at slavery and British society (his 'captors). Bozeman argued that Equiano's worldview became "fluid," wherein

…he is exceptional among his contemporary British brethren: not only is he able to stand both on the inside and outside of the window of British society, Equiano can move efficiently between the two…Accepting the essence of who Equiano is, in the end, is to acknowledge the reality he was a living oxymoron perpetuating a simply complex life (62).

It is this "fluid" worldview that Equiano…...

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References

Bozeman, T. (2003). "Interstices, hybridity, and identity: Olaudah Equiano and the discourse of the African slave trade." Studies in Literary Imagination, Vol. 36, No. 2.

Burnham, M. (1993). "The journey between: liminality and dialogism in Mary White Rowlandson's captivity narrative." Early American Literature, Vol. 28.

Carrigan, a. (2006). "Negotiating personal identity and cultural memory in Olaudah Equiano's Interesting Narrative." Wasafiri, Vol. 21, No. 2.

Derounian, K. (1987). "Puritan orthodoxy and the "survivor syndrome" in Mary Rowlandson's Indian captivity narrative." Early American Literature, Vol. 22.

slavery in the eighteenth century as illustrated in the autobiography "The interesting narrative of the life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African."
Olaudah Equiano

Olaudah Equiano was an eminent writer from the colonial period. Equiano was actually born in Nigeria, who became the first black slave in America to write an autobiography. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African was first published in 1789. The book is an autobiography where Equiano tells us about the country he was captured from and also about the horrors and cruelties he had to bear because of his enslavement in the West Indies. Equiano, had converted to Christianity, but he was treated by fellow Christians in a very cruel "un-Christian" fashion.

From his famous autobiography, written in 1789,we learn that Olaudah Equiano was born in 1745 in Nigeria. He was kidnapped and sold into slavery when he…...

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Reference

Olaudah Equiano, The interesting narrative of the life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African. 1979

Reception, Perception and Deception: The Genesis of Slavery
Progress has a way of making itself known to the world, even in a situation where there exists resistance. Considering Olaudah Equiano's "The Interesting Narrative, the issue of slavery throughout the colonial world was as much about assimilation as it was oppression. The conflict between cultures is shown in the nature of the cultural assumptions each makes concerning the other. The British are caught in a tunnel vision that doesn't allow for any considerations outside the belief that their way of life is superior and assume that the tribal culture will logically want to adapt to fit into the more modern way of life. They cannot accept the natives as equals, even as they verbalize their intention as one of attempting to create a hybrid culture. The Ibo, for their part, assume that the British will recognize and honor the way of life…...

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Works Cited

Equiano, Olaudah. "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano." In The Classic Slave Narratives, ed. Henry Louis Gates. New York, NY: 1987.

Freehling, William W. "Founding Fathers and Slavery." American Historical Review, (1972): at http://edweb.tusd.k12.az.us/uhs/APUSH/1st%20Sem/Articles%20Semester%201/Artiles%20Semester%201/Freehling.htm

Richter, Daniel K. Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America. Cambridge, MS: Harvard University Press, 2001.

constructing responses titles I listing. In response make show reference entry. (01) Discuss
One of the most powerful movements that transformed European society during the early modern era was the dissemination of information and the propagation of reading material due to Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the printing press around 1450 A.D. The movement that would prove to have the most impact upon society as a whole, however, was the imperialist movement that many credit to have originated with Columbus' journeys to the Americas, the first of which was in 1492. The imperialist movement would allow the appetite for power and conquering to expand beyond Europe and eventually encapsulate the entire globe. This movement is directly responsible for today's globalization, and the previous (and perhaps current) colonization and tyranny of many non-European nations. Another major movement during this time period was the beginning of the Protestant eformation, which began around 1517…...

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References

Benjamin J. Kaplan (2007), Divided by Faith. Religious Conflict and the Practice of Toleration in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge University Press.

Bentley, J., Ziegler, H., Streets, H. (2006). Traditions & Encounters: A Brief Global History. New York: McGraw Hill

Equiano, O. Life On Board. International Slavery Museum. Retrieved from  http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ism/slavery/middle_passage/olaudah_equiano.aspx 

The Applied History Research Group, 1998. The Ottoman Empire. Retrieved from  http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/ottoman/

This can be traced to the conservative view that lacks have in fact no real history in comparison to the richness and significance of European history. "As astonishing as it seems most of the prestigious academics and universities in Europe and America have ridiculed the idea that blacks have any substantive history."
This derogatory view has its roots as well in the colonial attitude that tended to see all lack people as inferior in status and 'ignorant' in order to justify the intrusion and invasion of their lands and territories.

In other words, the justification for conquest and what was in reality the theft of African land and wealth was provided to a great extent by the ' rewriting' of iblical texts. lacks were cast as 'heathen' people who had not achieved the enlightenment that the white group had attained through the ible and Christianity and therefore lacks were seen as…...

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Bibliography

"African Heritage: The Original African Heritage Study Bible,"   (accessed September 20, 2010).http://kenanderson.net/bible/html/african_heritage.html 

BibleGateway, Genesis 2:10- 14,

  (accessed September 20, 2010).http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+2%3A10-14&version=NIV 

"BLACK HEBREW ISRAELITES,"   (accessed September 20, 2010).http://www.angelfire.com/sd/occultic/hebrew.html ,

Becoming BlackIntroductionThe concept of \\\"Becoming Black\\\" is based on experiences of racial identity, a sense of cultural consciousness, and the wider notion of Pan-African unity. It is also simultaneously a process of racialization imposed by external forces in the face of the deliberate efforts of Black intellectuals and the wider African diaspora to redefine their narratives and assert their historical and contemporary significance. As a result, many people and their communities have contested racialized theories and have participated in the creation of a global Pan-African identity politics. This paper looks at the meaning of \\\"Becoming Black\\\" to show how these narratives are told and the part that the African identity plays in creating a sense of unity and connection among people of African descent.The Meaning of Being BlackHoward Winant and W.E.B. Du Bois shed light on how the construction of racial identity was used in society to limit and restrict…...

Essay Topic Examples 1. The Economics of the Transatlantic Slave Trade:
     Explore how the demand for labor-intensive products such as sugar, cotton, and tobacco in Europe fueled the transatlantic slave trade, examining the economic systems that supported this enterprise, the growth of European wealth, and the impact on African economies from the loss of population and societal disruption.

2. The Human Cost of Slavery: ersonal Narratives and Accounts:
     Delve into the personal narratives of those who endured the slave trade, including the harrowing Middle assage and life on plantations. Discuss the psychological and cultural implications for slaves, drawing from sources such as slave narratives, abolitionist writings, and historical records to provide a deeper understanding of the human toll.

3. Abolition Movements and the ath to Emancipation:
     Trace the history of anti-slavery movements, looking at the social, political, and ideological currents that led to the decline and eventual abolition of the…...

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Primary Sources

Equiano, Olaudah. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. London: Author, 1789. Print.

Newton, John. Thoughts Upon the Slave Trade. London: J. Buckland and J. Johnson, 1788. Print.

The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database. Edited by David Eltis and David Richardson. www.slavevoyages.org. Emory Univ., 2018. Web.

Thomas Clarkson\'s \"Essay on the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species, Particularly the African,\" in Essays on the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species. London: J. Phillips, 1786. Print.

United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Records Related to the Slave Trade. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/slavery-records. Web.