This refers to the National Petroleum eserve of Alaska (NP-a), which is situated between the foothills of the Brooks ange and the Arctic coastline, and is about 120 miles from the Arctic National Wildlife efuge (ANW) (osen, 2003). The Bureau of Land Management ( BLM) estimates the area will"… supplement production from the Alpine fields, which hold 429 million barrels and have a daily oil output of about 100,000 barrels" (U.S. OKs Commercial Drilling in Alaska Oil eserve).
Government and the corporate sector state that the Alaskan oil reserve offers a possible solution to the energy needs of the country. However, there is also a very strong argument that even using these reserves would not solve the oil crisis and would in fact have a severely negative impact on the environment (osen, 2003). Opinion about access to Alaskan oil is split between those who see it in financial terms only…...

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References

Endless debate drains political energy. Retrieved from http://www.missoulian.com/articles/2005/11/15/opinion/opinion3.txt

Dlouhy J. (2010) New offshore drilling limited: Obama orders rigs to stop work on about

30 exploratory wells. Houston Chronicle. Retrieved from http://www.workboat.com/newsdetail.aspx?id=4294996138

Oil Spills and Disasters. Retrieved from  http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001451.html )

" (Carson, 2) That the correlation between these collected symptoms and the use of pesticides in our predominantly agricultural towns had yet to be recognized at this point in history is important to consider. Though today it still receives troublingly little acknowledgment, the exponential rise in the consumption of organic produce in recent years is indicative of a graduating cognizance of that which Carson's work brought to the forefront of ecological discourse. Here, she makes apparent the causality of her concern and, thus, illuminates the pattern of environmental abuse which is an immediate ethical trespass and an ultimate threat to man as much as it is to any other species which is targeted by such behavior, either with intent or by collateral happenstance.
Herein, she expounds upon the retribution which man will receive for his impractical coexistence with other species and habitats on earth. In simplified terms, she describes a cycle…...

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Works Cited:

BBC News. (2003). What is the Kyoto Treaty. BBC.co.uk. Online at  http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2233897.stm 

Brennan, a. & Lo, Y. (2002). Environmental Ethics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Online at  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-environmental/ 

Carson, Rachel. (1962). Silent Spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.

Earth First! Worldwide. (2010). Homepage.  http://www.earthfirst.org/

Also, careless people with guns shot the condors at will; and when ranchers put out poison to kill wolves and grizzly bears the condors then fed on those carcasses and were poisoned as well. In 1937 the U.S. Congress set aside a refuge for the condors in Santa Barbara County and in Ventura County in 1947, trying to protect these great birds, Peeters explains (p. 114). By 1987, there were only eight California Condors in the wild, so a decision was made to capture the remaining birds and begin a captive breeding program to try and save them from extinction.

The Endangered Species Bulletin (Behrens, et al., 2000) explains that the San Diego ild Animal Park took the last pair of breeding condors into a captive breeding program and subsequently (in 1992) condors began to be released back into the wild. Today there are about 175 condors that have been released…...

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Works Cited

Behrens, Joanna, and Brooks, John. (2000). Wind In Their Wings: The Condor Recovery.

Program. Endangered Species Bulletin, XXV.3, pp. 8-9.

EPA. (2009). EPA Limits Uses of Toxic Rat Poisons. Retrieved Nov. 24, 2009, from  http://www.epa.gov .

EPA (2009). Our Mission ad What We Do. Retrieved Nov. 22, 2009, from

Environmental Ethics & United States Government
Environmental Ethics and United States

[Type the document title]

Definition of Environment Ethics & Its Approaches

United States & Environmental Ethics

ole of United States Government

Environment Protection Agency

Department of Interior's Bureau of Land Management (BLM)

National Park Service (NPS)

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

ole of Civil Society in Environment Protection & Preservation

Environment protection and preservation has been a serious concern for countries all across the globe. But the government of United States government has been acting as a leader in this regard. It is the first government to introduce a separate department solely for the purpose of ensuring that the natural environment is well-protected and in case of any damage, necessary preservation methodologies are adopted. In order to support this objective, U.S. government has formed various agencies and other departments over time with the sole purpose of protecting all the elements of natural environment.

However, it is important to note that…...

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References

Bratton, M. (1994). Civil Society and Political Transition in Africa. Boston, MA: Institute for Development Research.

Daggett, S.D. (2012). NGOs as lawmakers, watchdogs, whistle-blowers, and private attorneys general, Colorado journal of international environmental law and policy, 13(1), pp.99-113.

U.S. Department of Interior: Bureau of Land Management (BLM). (2012). BML Mission and Vision .Retrieved from  http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/info/iac/master_title_plat/Master_Title_Plat_Mission_Statement_and_Definitions.html 

U.S. Department of Interior: National Park Service (NPS). (2012). NPS Mission. Retrieved from http://ceres.ca.gov/wetlands/agencies/usnps.html

In fact, when looking at the records of the environmental fights and debates that have been fought in the past, it is no surprise to see the aspect of animal suffering and extinction being given its due attention. It is also interesting to note that fights fought by the environmentalist and animal rights activist before the World War II took place were all based on the selfish and ruthless destruction of one of the nature's most bounty resources and the extinction of the other in order to better insure the development of weapons or forces equipments, and treating both the natural resources and animals (humans and non-humans) as expendable and insignificant goods. oth groups refused to believe in the utmost faith given to science as the solution to all the problems and it is no surprise that both these revolutions began with very little space between each other. There…...

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Bibliography

White, L, JR. The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis. Science 155, 3767 (10 March, 1967), pp. 1203-1207.

Jamieson, D. Animal Liberation is an environmental ethic. Carleton College and University of Colorado, Boulder November 1997.

Environmental ethics

The latest research shows that the eastern United States has experienced drastic increases in rainfall in the last sixty years, as well as drastic increases in the frequency of the most powerful storms. Some scientists tentatively report that the incidence of catastrophic natural events -- hurricanes especially -- is increasing. Deterioration of air quality is also strongly cited. The loss of the polar ice cap -- and the subsequent rise in sea levels and loss of unique habitats -- is perennially in the news; the more alarmist talking heads predict widespread flooding all over coastal regions of the world. Meanwhile, it is scientific fact that our oceans are getting hotter, about one degree Celsius averaged world-wide, but in some local surveys as much as ten or twelve degrees. Other habitats are at risk too; and certain invasive species, which do not co-exist well with humans, have begun to spread…...

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Bibliography

1. Environmental Defense Fund, "EDF -- Finding the Ways that Work," Environmental Defense Fund [Online] Accessed 6 April 2010. Available:  http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/find/citation/ieee.html 

2. Salsberg, Bob "Study: Northeast Seeing More, Fiercer Rainstorms." Associated Press. [Online] Accessed 6 April 2010. Available: http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hW1_ATBmak7oS-hT4X6eZYI7zJeQD9ET6AMO0

3. CyArk "CyArk Hazard and Flood Map" Cyark [Online] Accessed 6 April 2010. Available: http://archive.cyark.org/hazard-map?gclid=CM__s6-h86ACFYd-5QodSR1QNw

" Humans have become "obsessed" with the idea that the masculine should dominate the feminine, the wealthy should dominate the poor, humans should dominate "nonhuman Nature," and estern cultures should rule over non-estern cultures (Devall, et al. 264).
Devall and Sessions believe that while "some leading intellectuals" in the estern culture have viewed religion is merely superstition, and yet there are religious traditions (such as Buddhism, Taoism, Native American rituals and Christianity) that embrace the idea of asking deeper spiritual questions. These faiths, the authors believe, agree with the basic principles of deep ecology. hat the authors are suggesting is that humans should try to break away from seeing themselves in a narrow view as isolated human egos. Instead, it would be closer to the concept of deep ecology if humans would begin to identify first with other humans from diverse cultures - "all humans." And secondly humans should begin to…...

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Works Cited not in assigned readings)

Therien, Jean-Philippe, & Pouliot, Vincent. "The Global Compact: Shifting the Politics of International Development?" Global Governance 12(2006): 55-75.

Wharton, Clifton. "Responsibility in a Common World." Vital Speeches of the Day. 68.16

The silo argument is similar to the laboratory argument, but it focuses on the tangible things nature has to offer -- not just the knowledge of medicine that certain plants can provide, but the plants themselves that are used to make the medicine. This argument acknowledges that though nature can provide many material resources, these resources are limited, and if they are harvested and/or utilized in such a way that prevents their steady regeneration -- that is, in a way that disrupts or destroys the natural processes surrounding the given material, be it plant, mineral, or animal -- they will be lost. Much like the knowledge that would be lost in the laboratory argument, the adherents to the silo argument fear the loss of vital and potentially life-changing resources that are known and posited to exist in various wildernesses. Such a loss would be irreversible, because the commodities available in…...

The fact that the U.S. has never adopted a workable public transportation system on a large scale demands that I drive a car. Obviously, this is true for most Americans: we cannot earn a living with out a car. But meanwhile, I am perfectly aware that I am contributing to the worldwide increase of greenhouse gases. This distresses me because, although I possess no real power to force our nation to build more realistic forms of mass transportation, I feel that the least I could do is refrain from using more of the world's oil -- as generally ineffectual as that may be. However, my livelihood depends on my own small contribution to this much larger problem. Generally, the way our society is structured requires that our responsibilities to the natural world conflict with our actions.
I remember when I was twelve years old and I was visiting my grandfather.…...

Although, the argument of the authors is sound concerning the environment ethics, however, the authors fail to reveal the efforts of the North and South countries in addressing the problem of climate change in order to enhance the environmental ethics. Essentially, many advanced countries especially the United States and the United Kingdom have understood the importance of climate changes. Thus, these countries have made series of laws to promote environmental ethics in order to address the problem of climate change. Although, the western countries have tried to enhance effective environmental ethics, these countries still face impediment in enhancing environmental ethics at a global scale. The absence of a common ethical framework between the North and South countries is one of the most significant impediments to arriving at a global framework to environmental ethics.

Although, the aim of Moore and Nelson in their book is rational by demonstrating a global ethical consensus…...

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Works Cited

Moore, Kathleen, Dean and Nelson, Michael, P. towards Global Consensus for Ethical Action.2010.

Social responsibility is very important irrespective of the community in which business is conducted in. In my opinion all stakeholder groups are benefited from the use of socially conscious behavior. For one, stock holders benefit as they doing good within the overall community. These sales numbers will therefore provide a solid foundation in which to evaluate the merits of a particular activity such as a merger, acquisition, dividend, stock buy back and so forth. Consumers benefit as they are not mislead in regards to purchasing decisions. If the company is truly acting in the benefit of the society, consumers will realize it. These activities builds trust as the brand will become synonymous with environmentally friendly behavior, further expanding the market share of the company. Because the environment is so important to so many individuals, more people will buy the product. This will then benefit the shareholders even further as…...

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References:

1) Edward, J 2006. The Origins of Modern Environmental Thought. The University of Arizona Press. Tucson. 246 pp.

2) Woodhouse, Keith. "The Politics of Ecology: Environmentalism and Liberalism in the 1960s," Journal for the Study of Radicalism, Volume 2, Number 2, 2009, pp. 53 -- 84

" At the same time, it may be a lesson in perspective given that pigs are smarter than dogs and no less appreciative of human companionship than dogs when befriended instead of raised somewhat inhumanely and slaughtered for food.
The Plight of the Polar Bear

According to environmental experts like Kassie Siegel of the Centre for Biological Diversity, based in California, the natural habitat of the Polar Bear is disappearing too fast to sustain the species in the wild for much longer. Global climate change has caused so much of the Arctic ice to melt that Polar bears are unable to pursue enough food to maintain a healthy body weight, reproduce, or nourish their cubs to adulthood.

Unfortunately, there may be little that can be done for the Polar Bear beyond preserving the species in captivity unless there is a dramatic increase in technology capable of reversing climate change. Andrew Derocher of the…...

Environmental Ethics
US Government and Environmental Ethics

The United States government has had a long history with the environment, beginning with the very beginning of the settlement of the Pilgrims, through the industrialization era, forming the beginning principles of having national parks, and to today with the onset of climate change and the environmental hazards of the 21st century. (National Park Service, 2012) Compared to other countries, the U.S. has had a more favorable view towards the use of the environment for business matters, often leaving entire communities scarred by the unprotected use of machinery and pollution to retrieve coal minerals, build six lane highways through forests, and even building massive subdivisions of buildings so close together that they represent risks of fire and natural disaster. There are several government agencies that have been created through the years to govern the vast territories that have been preserved, but the amount of funding…...

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Work Cited

American Farmland Trust. (2012). "History of the Farm Bill." Retrieved from,  http://www.farmland.org/programs/farm-bill/history/usfarmsubsidies.asp .

The Encyclopedia of Earth. (2008). "Roosevelt, Franklin D. And his Environmental Policies." Retrieved from,  http://www.eoearth.org /article/Roosevelt,_Franklin_D..

The Environmental Protection Agency. (2012). "About Us." Retrieved from,  http://www.epa.gov /aboutepa/.

BBC News. (2011). "What is the Kyoto Treaty?." Retrieved from,  http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2233897.stm .

Corporate Social esponsibility and Environmental Ethics
Abstract/Introduction -- No one can argue that the international business community is becoming more and more complex as a result of globalism. In turn, this complexity is driven by an increasing understanding of sustainability, going "green," and bringing ethical and moral philosophy into the business community. British Telecom, for instance, noted in 2007 that it had reduced its carbon footprint by 60% since 1996, setting itself a target of 80% reductions by 2016 (Hawser, 2007). Francois Barrault, CEO, BT Global Services, said that by supporting sustainability his company hoped not only to reduce its carbon footprint but also to attract younger people who prefer to work for environmentally and socially responsible companies. He didn't always think that way, though. Barrault said that when he first met former U.S. vice president and environmental activist Al Gore, who showed him pictures of icecaps melting, he thought Gore…...

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REFERENCES

Career Services. The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from:

 http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/careers .

Corporate Social Responsibility in the Global Supply Chain.. APEC

Human Resources Development Working Group. Retrieved from: http://hrd.apec.org/index.php/Corporate_Social_Responsibility_in_the_Global_Supply_Chain.

Death of Nature" and "The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism"
This essay will provide a critical summary and response of the books "The Death of Nature" by Caroline Merchant and "The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism" by Karen arren. The summary will summarize the main argument of each ecofeminism author. The response will argue the position that nature is defenseless matter and thus subject to human domination and that women and men should be viewed as complimentary of one another rather than oppositional.

The book "The Death of Nature" by Caroline Merchant seeks to explain the historic correlation between the supremacy of nature and women. Merchant asserts that the scientific revolution fashioned a society that perpetuates a mechanistic view of nature rather than an organic view of a feminine natural world that was in existence before the revolution. The former views nature as inert matter that is…...

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Works Cited

Armitage on Merchant's; Death of Nature.  http://www.mail-archive.com//msg07778.html 

Merchant, Carolyn. "The Death of Nature." In: Zimmerman, Michael (Ed.) (1993): Environmental Philosophy. From Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. S. 268-283.

Warren, Karen. "The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism" (Online)

http://www.dhushara.com/book/renewal/voices2/warren.htm#anchor2902793

To start this essay, we would begin by identifying ways that business could impact the environment.  Next, we would want to identify the businesses we wanted to highlight in the essay, focusing on their specific environmental impact.  We would want to select at least two businesses with different reputations for their environmental impact.  Companies that are known for having good environmental initiatives include Disney, Johnson and Johnson, Nike, eBay, Fisher Investments, Hewlett-Packard, Starbucks, and Ford Motor Company.  Companies have a bad reputation in terms of their impact on the environment include AES, PPL, ConAgra Foods, Coca Cola,....

Environmental Impact of Anthropogenic Activities

The Devastating Effects of Deforestation on Global Ecosystems
Climate Change: A Looming Crisis and the Role of Human Activities
Water Scarcity: Causes and Consequences of Mismanagement
Overfishing: Exploring the Impacts on Marine Biodiversity
The Environmental Toll of Urbanization and Industrialization

Conservation and Sustainable Practices

The Importance of Marine Protected Areas for Biodiversity Conservation
Renewable Energy Sources: A Path to Sustainability
Green Building Techniques for Mitigating Climate Change
Agroforestry: Combining Agriculture and Conservation
Eco-tourism: Promoting Sustainable Economic Development

Pollution and Waste Management

The Health Risks Posed by Air Pollution and its Mitigation Strategies
The Environmental Impact of Plastic....

Place Attachment and Pro-Environmental Behavior: A Literature Review

Introduction

Place attachment, a deep connection between individuals and their physical surroundings, has emerged as a significant factor influencing pro-environmental behavior. This literature review examines studies that have explored the relationship between place attachment and environmentally responsible actions, analyzing the mechanisms and implications of this connection.

Theoretical Framework

Place attachment refers to the emotional, cultural, and social bonds that link people to specific places. It is influenced by factors such as familiarity, experiences, and sense of identity. Pro-environmental behavior, on the other hand, encompasses actions that aim to protect and preserve the natural environment.

Studies Linking Place....