English Law
Negligence in Hospital Care?

The Case of Jenny Wants a Penny

Duty of care is defined in different ways depending on the specific circumstances involved in any one case, according to precedents set in various tort cases. In one of the most famous of these cases, Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100, Lord Atkin set out the principle that all members of society owe a duty of care to their "neighbors" -- anyone who might be reasonably be affected by any action taken or omitted -- to avoid causing them injury. In Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] 1 WLR 582, it was determined that doctors -- and by extension other individuals in skilled professionals, with professed expertise and greater-than-average knowledge and/or skill -- have an extra duty of care to maintain actions that are in accordance with the standard and reasonable practices of that profession. Simply put, "duty of…...

English
I agree with the statement that English is the world's most important language. The importance lies in the breadth of English spoken, rather than the depth. In addition, English is already understood to be the world's de facto second language. Removing English from dominance would require the emergence of another language whose prominence could match it. Lastly, English is the most important language and will continue to be because of its flexibility. There are no other languages in the world that meet these criteria and as such there are no serious threats to the use of English today. This paper will outline these arguments in explaining why English is the most important language in the world today, and refute some of the counterarguments in support of other languages.

The first advantage that English has over all other languages is the breadth of its spread. Languages like Hindi or Mandarin have more…...

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Works Cited:

Article 1.

Article 3.

Article 4.

CIA World Factbook. (2012). GDP by purchasing power parity. [online] Retrieved November 26, 2012 from  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html

English Civil ar as a Background for Milton's Paradise Lost
Political Foundations in Milton's Paradise Lost: Ties to the English Civil ar

Paradise Lost is an epic tale of defeat and the consequences which come from breaking with the proper form of divine rule. In his work, John Milton pits Satan and his army against God in Heaven, illustrating the notorious Christian battle within particularly political contexts. The English Civil ar did play a large role in the creation of Milton's infamous work, Paradise Lost. In fact, the work itself is a political allegory, in which its thematic structures invoke the political tension through character allusions, which is most evident in Milton's description of the battle for Heaven and the tension between God, the supreme ruler, and the rebel figure of Satan; moreover, the stylistic structures mimic Milton's political prose, thus further connecting Milton's political activism in the period to the background…...

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Works Cited

Forsyth, Neil. The Satanic Epic. Princeton University Press. 2003.

Milton, John. Paradise Lost. CSF Publishing. 2011.

Online Library of Liberty. "The Political Thought of John Milton." The Forum. 2012. Web. Retrieved 27 Apr 2012 from  http://oll.libertyfund.org/readinglists/print/138-the_political_thought_of_john_milton 

Roberts, Gabriel. "Milton's Political Context." Darkness Visible. Christ's College at Cambridge University. 2008. Web. Retrieved 28 Apr 2012 from  http://www.christs.cam.ac.uk/darknessvisible/politics.html

ENGLISH FOR ORAL COMMUNICATION -Problems faced oral presentation ways overcome problems Sales Marketing staffs.
Problems faced in oral presentation and how to overcome them

Many a time sales and marketing staff members are required to give oral presentations to existing and potential clients. These presentations may range from short to long while others include visual aids and are in slide format, they can also be done individually or by a group of sales team members. In the normal course of studies, students have the chance to deliver tutorials, assignments and other presentations. However, one important thing is that practice leads them to have to become more experienced and give killer presentation. However, before they gain this experience, there are several problems that are faced by sales and marketing professionals when giving presentations to a live audience and using spoken language which need to be overcome for them to be able to give…...

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Works cited

Haber, R.J., Lingard, L.A. "Learning Oral Presentation Skills: A Rhetorical Analysis with Pedagogical and Professional Implications" Journal of General Internal Medicine. 16.5 (2001): 308-314. Print.

Magin, D., Helmore, P. "Peer and Teacher Assessments of Oral Presentation Skills: How reliable are they?" Studies in Higher Education. 26.3 (2001): 287-298. Print.

English Poems
The problem regarding racial equality can be traced as far back as the African-American slave trade of the 1400s. But even after the Civil War and the econstruction of the United States, there is no denying the fact that a racial tension still exists between "whites" and "blacks." Many authors, artists, and poets have portrayed this tension, sometimes even going as far back as inspiring their audience through language akin to the spirituals found during the time of slavery. Maya Angelou, renowned American poetess and author, is but one of many who voices the plight of racial inequality. In her works "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" and "Still I ise," she portrays the struggle of African-Americans throughout the centuries of racial oppression and segregation.

To be able to understand the historical contexts derived from the two works of poetry, one should delve into the origin and the continued…...

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Resources

Angelou, Maya. (1969). "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings." Retrieved from

Angelou, Maya. (1978). "Still I Rise." Retrieved from <  http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/still-i-rise/ >

Bentley, Rosalind. (2011, February 20). Lifting its voice, and community, for 100 years: Glee club masters classic spirituals. Pressure, pride in lyrical embodiment of Morehouse's mission. The Atlanta Journal - Constitution, p. E.1. Retrieved April 1, 2011, from ProQuest National Newspapers Expanded. (Document ID: 2271394841).

Hood, L. (2010). The Trans Atlantic Slave Trade and the U.S. Underground Railroad. International Congregational Journal, 9(1), 47-57. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Dovring makes a good point when she says that it is difficult for a person to free their self of their own communication realm (Dovring, 115). However, Dovring goes on to say that individuals who are required to learn a language other than their own for purposes of communicating with others, can cause them to become victims the language they acquire (Dovring, 115-116). It can, Dovring says, alter not just their language, but their personality too (Dovring, 116). Dovring equates forcing a second language upon another culture as cultural annihilation, and suggests that it is tantamount to suppression and oppression as was experienced under communism (Dovring, 115-120).

Again, when we consider the need to overcome the obstacles that are facing the world today - and they are very serious obstacles - Dovring's arguments are weak. Developing English as a universal language is possible, and it is possible to do this in…...

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Works Cited

 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=112917251 

Ammon, Ulrich, ed. The Dominance of English as a Language of Science: Effects on Other Languages and Language Communities. New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2001. Questia. 15 Nov. 2008  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=112917290 .

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=10065007

Dovring, Karin. English as Lingua Franca: Double Talk in Global Persuasion. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1997. Questia. 15 Nov. 2008  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=10065007 .

Through the events of the war, Kip gazes in on the Western World's changing, growing in political and military stature, and its attempting to control and colonize others. The gap between West and East that was exacerbated by World War Two is addressed by Ondaatje in the English Patient, but not by Heller, Hemingway, Barker, or Remarque in their novels.
When Kip hears about the atomic bomb toward the end of the English Patient, his attitude grows cynical. He feels a striking sense of ethnic identity, an issue that is not addressed in a Farewell to Arms, Catch-22, Regeneration, or All Quiet on the Western Front. Moreover, the atomic bomb is not alluded to in the other four books. Ondaantje's decision to include the bomb in his novel underscores his commitment to providing a global and universal perspective on the war.

The ethnic and national identities of both Kip and Almasy…...

English Only Policy is an issue of hot debate throughout the country. Many states have passed "English Only" laws, and more still are considering. Although opponents list several reasons for their position, the proponents of the policy by far present the most logical causes.
Bilingualism is a hindrance to learning English and a detriment to a child's short-term and long-term academic advancement, therefore it should be the only medium of instruction for second-language learners in public schools (Mora pp).

Using English exclusively is not only advantageous, but it does not harm the students in any way (Mora pp). Student should be weaned from their first language to ensure that they do not become "tethered" to their native language, for using the child's first language basically create a "cycle of native language dependency" that must be countered by English-only instruction, thus, parents should only speak English to their children at home (Mora pp).

However,…...

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Work Cited

Mora, Jill Kerper. "Comparison of Philosophical Assumptions of English-only L2

Instruction vs. Bilingual Education." San Diego State University

http://coe.sdsu.edu/people/jmora/Prop227/AssumptionsEOvBE.htm

Debate on English Only Legislation. U.S. House of Representatives.

English as a Global Language
Languages provide the ease of communication that either make them highly rich or leave them severely deprived of depth. The success and popularity of a language is dependent on many factors including the ease with which it can be acquired and the richness which allows for better comprehension. Some of the world languages that are quickly losing their power and are at the brink of extinction are not the ones less spoken but the ones who cannot find new speakers of the language because it is difficult to acquire and doesn't have enough depth of vocabulary. English and Arabic are examples of languages which are very easily understood, easily acquired and are immensely rich borrowing from various languages and offering a wide choice of words for complete expression. For this reason they are global languages and English is certainly a global language which has a very…...

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References

Crystal, D. (1997) English as a global language. Cambridge University Press. de Haan, P. (1998) How native-like are advanced learners of English? In A. Renouf, Explorations in corpus linguistics . Amsterdam: Rodopi. 55 -- 65.

Kachru Braj B. (1985) 'Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: the English language in the pouter circle' in English in the World: Teaching and Learning the Language and Literature, (ed) Randolph Quirk and H.G. Widdowson, Cambridge University Press.

Gupta Nolini Kanta (1970) Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta, Volume Two, Sri Aurobindo International Centre of Education, Pondicherry.

Whereas California law requires instruction to take place in English except for the immersion classrooms, Colorado only provides a funding limitation for non- and limited-English speakers that expires after two years (Colorado Statute 22-24-104). That is, a student may receive instruction in languages other than English for longer than two years, but no institution, district, or facility will receive state funding for that student after the two-year period until they are moved to English-only classrooms. Thus, not only does Colorado provide for twice the amount of time for a student to learn English at the expense of the public education system, but they are also not prohibited from continuing at their own cost (as they are in California).
New York actually has some of the most liberal laws regarding education in languages other than English. The state's education code also mandates that instruction generally takes place in English, but allows…...

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References

California Education Code Section 305. Accessed 5 August 2009. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=edc&group=00001-01000&file=305-306

Colorado Statute 22-24-104. Accessed 5 August 2009.  http://www.michie.com/colorado/lpext.dll?f=templates&fn=main-h.htm&cp= 

New York Education Code Section 3024.2. Accessed 5 August 2009.  http://law.onecle.com/new-york/education/EDN03204_3204.html

English Structure vs. Russian Translation
This report is about the structure of the English and Russian languages as they pertain to the unique skill of translation. Language translation has always been made difficult by the fact that languages are in constant flux. The English and Russian languages have had to remain current with new fads and technologies like that of the internet and computer technology. Consider that a word like 'cookie' now has taken on an entirely new meaning since the advent of the internet. But other events also influence the structure of languages.

The Russian language has gone through recent dramatic changes as the former Soviet Union and post-Soviet era now dictate a tremendous amount of modernization and broadening which obviously have profound effects on the Russian language and lexicon. Also, language structures of modern English and Russian create noticeable effects on each other whenever translating the Russian language into the…...

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Works Cited

( History of Russian Instruction in North America after WWIIrussnet.org) The History of Russian Instruction in North America after WWII. Ed. russnet.org. Sher's Russian Index. Retrieved on 2 Nov. 2004, from .

(ComrieBernardPolinskyMariaStoneGerald Russian Language in the Twentieth Century1996)Comrie, Bernard, Maria Polinsky, and Gerald Stone. The Russian Language in the Twentieth Century. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1996.

(Judith Armstrong responds to Robert DessaixJudith Armstrong) Judith Armstrong responds to Robert Dessaix. Ed. Judith Armstrong. Australian Humanities Review. Retrieved on 2 Nov. 2004, from .

(OgdenCKRichardsIA Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language Upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism1946)Ogden, C.K., and I.A. Richards. The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language Upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism. 8th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1946.

This approach is useful as long as the teacher possesses wide theoretical knowledge and is able to fill in the gaps and offer additional explanations. If however the teacher is less experienced in the field of the English language, the efficiency of the textbook is relatively limited.
Also, the system of reduced theoretical input could work if the teacher has a complementary textbook, specially designed for the professor. This book would have to contain all theoretical information relevant to a respective unit, with examples and exceptions to the rules presented. Another alternative would be for the teacher and student to use the same textbook, with both practical and theoretical information. This would however pose the risk of being difficult to understand by the pupils. Ultimately then, the second solution seems to be the most viable one.

Another specification to be made in concluding the analytical findings is that the drawings presented…...

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References

Lee, J., Grammar in Current Hog Kong ESL Textbooks: A Critical Appraisal, 2005, Paper presented at the 30th Linguistics Association of Australia Conference

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education Limited

2008, Countable and Uncountable Nouns, the English Club,   Ast accessed on December 15, 2008http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/nouns-un-countable.html .

Primary Longman Express

English Class System
Jane Austin's novel Persuasion, Director Michael Caton-Jones' movie Scandal, and T..C. Banning's Oxford History of Modern Europe each portray the English upper class and English class system in a largely unflattering manner. Persuasion shows the pre-Victorian British upper class to be superficial and obsessed largely with appearance over substance. Similarly, Scandal shows a more modern Britain as a society that bases class on superficial constraints, and is quick to vilify and condemn those who dare to aim above their class. In contrast, T.. C Banning's accounting provides a more balanced accounting of Britain's class system from the late 1700s to the present. Ultimately, these three readings reveal that while Britain's class system has changed dramatically in the past centuries, the ingrained idea of class dominance remains very real within modern Europe.

Persuasion is a deeply romantic novel that satirically examines the social pretensions of the English upper class through…...

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Works Cited

Austen, Jane. Persuasion. Signet, 1996.

Banning, T.C.W. 2000. Oxford History of Modern Europe. Oxford Press; 3rd edition.

Scandal. 2000. Director: Michael Caton-Jones. Starring: John Hurt, Ian McKellen, Bridget Fonda, and Joanne Whalley. Studio: Anchor Bay Entertainment.

This also hinders me in finding the most appropriate words to write in order to accurately express my thoughts. Secondly, every now and then, I still make mistakes with my spelling. There are a good number of words which I hear in a certain way but they happen to be correctly spelled differently. Thirdly, being someone who is not a native of this land and not as deeply immersed with its culture, I find it difficult to understand the context of some English phrases/structures. I believe this is a difficulty shared by many other foreigners. Sometimes, we tend to use the language in our very own cultural context only to find ourselves lost in translation. This makes writing particular ideas which strong cultural entrenchment quite hard.
But overall, I find the language fun and interesting. Its wide use in media: print, television, radio makes it easier to understand and learn....

The accord between the clauses of a phrase is often an issue which generates mistakes. However not often, it has occurred throughout Bisin's article. In this instance, she says: If positive messages about HIV / AIDS are carried by young people, it will reach out to young viewers. This sentence is written in passive voice, with the logic subject different from the grammatically correct one. To better explain, the logic subject is young people, who will deliver the message. The grammatical subject on the other hand is the noun the messages, which will be delivered. Therefore, the accord must be made with this subject and the following clause. Given then that the subject is plural, the pronoun in second clause should be they instead of it. Ultimately, the phase should be formulated as follows: If positive messages about HIV / AIDS are carried by young people, they (the messages) will…...

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Works Cited

Lee, J., Inflectional Morphology

Lee, J., Verbs, Tenses, Aspect and Mood

Lee, J., Basic Clauses

Capital Letters, the Owl at Purdue,   accessed on December 9, 2008http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/592/01/last 

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To start this essay, we would begin by identifying ways that business could impact the environment.  Next, we would want to identify the businesses we wanted to highlight in the essay, focusing on their specific environmental impact.  We would want to select at least two businesses with different reputations for their environmental impact.  Companies that are known for having good environmental initiatives include Disney, Johnson and Johnson, Nike, eBay, Fisher Investments, Hewlett-Packard, Starbucks, and Ford Motor Company.  Companies have a bad reputation in terms of their impact on the environment include AES, PPL, ConAgra Foods, Coca Cola,....

Many people have suggested reasons that obesity remains prevalent in Salford, UK.  The low level of adult physical activity is believed to be the primary cause, but it is important to recognize that childhood obesity is also a factor in Salford.  In addition, one must compare other health measures in Salford to the rest of the UK to get a full picture.  In general, Salford is simply less healthy than the English average, with higher rates of adult smoking, smoking-related deaths, alcohol-related hospital stays, mental health conditions, dementia, and learning disabilities.  This seems to be directly linked to issues....