A representative from each agency will also be requested to present a module as part of the educational program.
The programs will then be presented to the management bodies of the school and business chosen. With particularly large businesses and schools, it is advisable to implement the training separately for each department or grade; this is to be determined according to the given situation. With the appropriate permission from the authorities involved, a day will then be set aside during which the training can take place. All the necessary officials and speakers will be notified of the date and presentation requirements.

When the training has been completed, Stage 4 involves an evaluation by means of another survey. All training participants will receive a short questionnaire to determine their experience of the training. They will be asked a variety of questions relating to the training and presentation itself, as well as their…...

This aspect of an organization's efficiency involves suitable allocation of resources while providing an effective support system. For administrators to provide proper guidance, they require excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to motivate people. The fundamental issue in directing or commanding is to identify the accurate balance between stressing on staff needs and stressing on the organization's efficiency.
After ensuring that the personnel are equipped to counter the advancing requirements of emergency services, emergency service administrators have the responsibility of making sure that the knowledge acquired is rightly applied in order to deliver efficient services. Emergency service administrators achieve this through providing guidance and direction. For instance, a district emergency coordinator provides direction in the routing and handling of emergency communications by specifically emphasizing on welfare traffic (Tom n.d.).

Controlling:

This role evaluates quality in all areas and identifies the potential or actual digression from the organization's plan. Through this role, administrators…...

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References:

Asiko, S. (2009, June 19). Managing Your Subordinate Staff. Retrieved April 27, 2010,

from   Your- Subordinate- Staff&id=2498418http://ezinearticles.com/?Managing -

Suhaimin, T. (n.d.). How to Lead, Manage, Motivate & Supervise Employees Effectively.

Retrieved April 27, 2010, from  http://www.ugmc.bizland.com/tips-ls-msub.htm

Marketing Plan for Emergency Services
One of the major concerns across the country is the emergency medical services of the nation, and the impact of societal factors on these services, such as the increasing rate of crime, the lack of employment opportunities, and the level of poverty. The Chevra Hatzalah Emergency Medical escue Service in the city of New York offers well-organized and professional medical service. The main objective of this marketing plan is to assist Chevra Hatzalah Emergency Medical escue Service to become the best and most preferred source for pre- and post-hospital emergency medical necessities in the target markets. This marketing plan will facilitate the Chevra Hatzalah Emergency Medical escue Service to have a competitive edge/advantage in the market targeted; this will therefore increase its level of market share. The market plan also places emphasis on the current market situation, the objectives and the goals, the applied marketing strategies,…...

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References

Barley, K.W. (2003). The Development of a Marketing Plan for an Emergency Medical Service. Port Elizabeth Technikon.

Hiebing, R.G., & Cooper, S.W. (2000). The successful marketing plan. NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group.

Kotler & Lee, (2007). Marketing in the Public Sector. A Roadmap for Improved Performance - Pg.282.

Lopez, M. (2015). Making Public Safety a Priority. Alice Echo News Journal. Retrieved 19 June from:  http://www.alicetx.com/news/making-public-safety-a-priority/article_8225645d-fcec-5977-8c7c-054eb6dce532.html

Emergency Services Management
The author of this report has been asked to complete a report about management challenges in emergency services. The report will have two major sections. The first section will be a review and summary of an interview that was completed between the author of this report and a person in the emergency services management sphere. The second and final part of the report will be a literature review that covers the topics and revelations revealed from that interview. While all realms of management have their challenges, there are some fields that have more challenges than others and emergency services certainly seems to be one of them.

Interview

As a condition of doing the interview for this report and in exchange for the person's candor, the person referenced in this section will not be identified in terms of who the person works for, what role they fill and so forth other…...

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References

Adriaenssens, J., de Gucht, V., & Maes, S. (2012). The impact of traumatic events on emergency room nurses: Findings from a questionnaire survey. International Journal Of Nursing Studies, 49(11), 1411-1422.

doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.07.003

Ayala, E., & Carnero, A.M. (2013). Determinants of Burnout in Acute and Critical Care

Military Nursing Personnel: A Cross-Sectional Study from Peru. Plos ONE, 8(1),

Emergency oom vs. Urgent Care Services
Emergency rooms are designed to focus on those medical emergencies and not on routine health care. These centers have a positive effect on cost, access, quality, care continuity, and patient navigation. The use of emergency room has managed to serve patients in critical conditions and ensuring that lives are saved and restored to normalcy. These emergency rooms have been able to serve a bigger population because they have no long queues and patients are given urgent medical care. By so doing, the facility promotes the health of patients and later looks at the monetary issues compared to other health facilities that treat patients upon full payment of service fee. An urgent care center encompasses a broad spectrum of consumer-oriented innovations that provide swift accessible and more affordable care. They are part of the rapidly growing "convenient care" industry. The emergency room centers are changing the…...

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References

Chang, J., Brundage, S., Burke, G. & Chokshi, D. (2015). Convenient Care: Retail Clinics and Urgent Care Centers in New York. United Hospital Fund

Staff Care. (2015). Convenient Care: Growth and Staffing Trends in Urgent Care and Retail Medicine. Dallas, TX: NYSE

Law Enforcement Communications
Interoperability of Emergency Service Communications

The number and scope of each individual emergency and public safety agency has resulted in an ad hoc patchwork of communication equipment. Routine daily needs within one agency for clear and concise communication fall short of readiness for large-scale emergencies involving either multiple services or jurisdictions. The current budgeting autonomy of each public service department has resulted in a many agencies with antiquated equipment, while others posses more modern tools, that may sufficiently serve current needs, yet is clearly inadequate for more common emergencies like large fires or traffic pile ups. However, interoperability, the capability to communicate across different gear, radio frequencies, and standardization, both limits and delays the response time, as well as effectiveness, of each individual. hen emergencies entail injuries and danger, timely command and communication of resources may be the difference between life and death.

The video, "hy Can't e Talk, hen…...

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Works Cited

U.S. Dept. Of Justice. (n.d.). Why Can't We Talk? When Lives Are At Stake. Retrieved 26 Oct., 2012, from Google Videos Web site: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6455322945171664950&hl=en

Emergency Plan:
For communities and agencies alike, an emergency plan is the arrangement of dealing with a crisis that contains procedures on how to prevent injuries and fatalities, lessen damages and speed up the resumption of normal operations. It's important for these agencies and the community to have an emergency plan since it helps them to prevent multiple losses of resources and lives. Some of the major components to include in the emergency plan include possible emergencies, emergency preparedness procedures, lists of personnel and maps with evacuation routes ("Emergency Planning," 2005). This is because these elements provide the agency's staffs or the community with instructions of the possible emergencies and how to tackle them, their emergency duties and evacuation routes to enable them to handle the emergency effectively. To ensure that the agency or community is aware of the provisions in the emergency plan, community or agency awareness and education should…...

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References:

"Emergency Dispatch Service." (n.d.). Specialty Answering Service. Retrieved June 15, 2011,

from  http://www.specialtyansweringservice.net/emergency-dispatch-service.html 

"Emergency Planning." (2005, May 25). Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety.

Retrieved June 15, 2011, from  http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/planning.html

In other words, the facilities that are available will be laid out in the best possible pattern and fashion so as to maximize efficiency and convenience for people who use the services (Handler & Mirchandani, 1979). There is obviously no way to put all of the facilities into the same space, and some of them take up more land than others, but there is no reason that urban planning officials, city leaders, and companies that want to build in a particular area cannot work together to meet everyone's needs. Often they want to accomplish this, but they simply are not sure what the best way to go about it would be.
Consider, as an example, a network model of an urbanized area, shown on the following pages and reproduced from Larson & Odoni, 1997-1999 http://web.mit.edu/urban_or_book/www/book/chapter6/6.5.2.html.

All of the nodes (a through H) indicate points at which service demands are being generated.…...

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Bibliography

Beltrami, E., & Bodin, L., (1974). Networks and Vehicle Routing for Municipal Waste Collection, Networks, 4 (1), 65-94 (1974).

Chan, D.W.M. And Kumaraswamy, M.M. (1996). An Evaluation of Construction Time Performance in the Building Industry. Building and Environment, 31(6), 569-578.

Church, R.L., & Garpinkel, R.S., (1978). Locating an Obnoxious Facility on a Network. Transportation Science, 12, 107-118.

Frank, H. & Frishch, I.T., (1971). Communication, Transmission, and Transportation Networks, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.

Emergency Planning
Hazard Potential Grid

Criteria

Proba- bility

Predic- tability

Fre- quen- cy

Speed of Onset

Control- lability

Op- tions

Scope and Inten- sity

Assis- tance

Com- munity

Vulnera- bility

Score

Hazard

Earthquake

Flood

Terrorist attack

Act of war

Tornado

Blizzard

Lowest risk within ten years =1; highest risk = 5

Earthquake: St. Louis is about 200 miles from the New Madrid Fault, but because of the geology of the region, shock waves travel a very long distance with considerable force. A major New Madrid Fault earthquake could destroy many vulnerable buildings, do major damage to others, buckle highways and collapse overpasses and possibly bridges. Although the fault has not triggered a major earthquake in modern times, in 1809 and 1810 it triggered two earthquakes about six weeks apart that were both probably around 8.0 on the Richter scale. The region avoided major damage and loss of life only because the area was barely populated. Earthquakes rate highest on the chart because they can do major, devastating damage with no warning, and…...

Planning for a larger center in the future eliminates the need to build an entire new center if it is someday required. The director should also do a risk analysis of the type of threats that face the community, and the facility. Another writer notes, "The Federal Emergency Management Agency has developed guidelines to assist a community in a risk assessment process" (Vaughn, 2008, p. 26). While hurricanes are the main concern, there can also be other treats, such as safety, security, staff health, and the overall operation of the facility.
Organization

The easiest way to organize the center is to follow the National Incident Management System (NIMS). It contains an incident command structure that is a common method of organizing the center. Commanders within the structure all have different areas of responsibility, including communications, damage assessment, available resources, and other key responsibilities (Editors, 2010, p. 8). Overseeing the activity is…...

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References

Editors. (2010). Emergency operations center planning and design. Retrieved 12 Nov. 2010 from the Department of Defense Web site:  http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/DOD/UFC/ufc_4_141_04.pdf .

Vaughn, M.R. (2008). Evaluating the need for a local emergency operations center. Retrieved 12 Nov. 2010 from the U.S. Fire Administration Web site:

 http://www.usfa.dhs.gov/pdf/efop/efo42770.pdf .

Effects of Short-Staffed Nursing in Emergency ooms Effects of Short-Staffed Nursing in Emergency oomsIntroductionThe emergency departments efficiency is a critical component of delivering quality and safe care within the health sector. The utilization of the emergency department significantly increased minus the corresponding increase in the available emergency services (amsey et al. 2018). As a result, to attend to the increased demand, it is proper to evaluate the various factors contributing to care delays (Schull et al. 2003). Scholars have established multiple hospital features associated with worse emergency rooms or emergency room time on ambulance plus emergency room crowding, hospital occupancy, the proportion of emergency department patients admitted, treating Physicians level of training, elective surgical admission number, socioeconomic status of the neighborhood, decreased nurse staffing, access to expedited diagnostic testing, and hospital occupancy.However, there is a lack of relevant data to connect hospital occupancy to overcrowding. According to Schull et al.,…...

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ReferencesChan, T. C., Killeen, J. P., Vilke, G. M., Marshall, J. B., & Castillo, E. M. (2010). Effect of mandated nurse-patient ratios on patient wait time and care time in the emergency department. Academic Emergency Medicine, 17(5), 545-552.Chang, A. M., Cohen, D. J., Lin, A., Augustine, J., Handel, D. A., Howell, E., ... & Sun, B. C. (2018). Hospital strategies for reducing emergency department crowding: a mixed-methods study. Annals of emergency medicine, 71(4), 497-505.Forster, A. J., Stiell, I., Wells, G., Lee, A. J., & Van Walraven, C. (2003). The effect of hospital occupancy on emergency department length of stay and patient disposition. Academic Emergency Medicine, 10(2), 127-133.Lambe, S., Washington, D. L., Fink, A., Laouri, M., Liu, H., Fosse, J. S., ... & Asch, S. M. (2003). Waiting times in California’s emergency departments. Annals of emergency medicine, 41(1), 35-44.Lucas, R., Farley, H., Twanmoh, J., Urumov, A., Olsen, N., Evans, B., & Kabiri, H. (2009). Emergency department patient flow: the influence of hospital census variables on emergency department length of stay. Academic Emergency Medicine, 16(7), 597-602.Polevoi, S. K., Quinn, J. V., & Kramer, N. R. (2005). Factors associated with patients who leave without being seen. Academic Emergency Medicine, 12(3), 232-236.Ramsey, Z., Palter, J. S., Hardwick, J., Moskoff, J., Christian, E. L., & Bailitz, J. (2018). Decreased nursing staffing adversely affects emergency department throughput metrics. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 19(3), 496.Rathlev, N. K., Chessare, J., Olshaker, J., Obendorfer, D., Mehta, S. D., Rothenhaus, T., ... & Litvak, E. (2007). Time series analysis of variables associated with daily mean emergency department length of stay. Annals of emergency medicine, 49(3), 265-271.Recio-Saucedo, A., Pope, C., Dall’Ora, C., Griffiths, P., Jones, J., Crouch, R., & Drennan, J. (2015). Safe staffing for nursing in emergency departments: evidence review. Emergency Medicine Journal, 32(11), 888-894.Schull, M. J., Lazier, K., Vermeulen, M., Mawhinney, S., & Morrison, L. J. (2003). Emergency department contributors to ambulance diversion: a quantitative analysis. Annals of emergency medicine, 41(4), 467-476.Wiler, J. L., Handel, D. A., Ginde, A. A., Aronsky, D., Genes, N. G., Hackman, J. L., ... & Fu, R. (2012). Predictors of patient length of stay in 9 emergency departments. The American journal of emergency medicine, 30(9), 1860-1864.

training in the field of emergency management is particularly complicated. The reason for the complication is the astonishingly broad latitude of situations for which emergency services and personnel might ultimately be required. Now obviously there are certain limitations that are based on simple geography: emergency management personnel in California may be called upon to deal with mudslides or earthquakes, and emergency management personnel in Kansas will be summoned for tornados. But a large-scale terrorist incident could conceivably occur anywhere that is populated. Meanwhile certain types of disaster almost perfectly defy any attempt at preparation altogether -- the example of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which killed over two hundred thousand people, is particularly pertinent, because there existed no detection system for such an event. Tsunamis are rare events, but common enough in the Pacific Ocean that a detection system existed there -- but they are so rare in the…...

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References

Canton, L.G. (2006). Emergency management: Concepts and strategies for effective programs. New York: Wiley.

Haddow, G.D., Bullock, J.A., Coppola, C.P. (2013). Introduction to emergency management. Fifth edition. New York: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Perry, RW, Lindell, MK. (2006) Emergency planning. New York: Wiley.

U.S. Handling of Pandemic-Level Mass Fatality Event
A pandemic is classified as an event that takes place across a wide geographic area and has the capacity to affect an exceptionally high percentage of the population. A mass fatality event usually generates numerous casualties to an extent that clinical personnel, emergency services, and referral systems work collaboratively to offer adequate and timely response. The United States has experienced some pandemic-level mass fatality event in its history such as the 1918 pandemic influenza that led to the death of over 650,000 people across the country. Since the Civil War, the United States has not experienced a pandemic-level mass casualty or fatality event. While the 9/11 attacks was a tragedy with far reaching impacts, it was not necessarily a pandemic-level mass fatality event. Actually, the closest the country has come to a mass fatality event is during the flu season, which usually utilizes its…...

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References

Hopmeier, M.J., Carmona, R. & Noji, E. (2003, May). The Mundane to the Critical: The Need for Transition from Individual Care to Population Health Maintenance. Retrieved April 29, 2016, from  http://www.bibalex.org/supercourse/supercoursePPT/11011-12001/11391.ppt 

Ohio Department of Health. (2010, February). Pandemic Influenza Mass Fatality Response Guidance. Retrieved from Office of Health and Vital Statistics website:  http://ema.ohio.gov/Documents/ODH%20Pandemic%20Influenza%20Mass%20Fatality%20Response%20Guidance%20Plan.pdf

Emergency Management
It is no secret that the emergency management response of the city needs to improve, especially when it comes to winter snowstorms and related issues. With that in mind, it becomes necessary to focus on how to help both businesses and residences who may have people trapped in them. Additionally, people can easily become trapped in their cars, and without food or water they can be at serious risk. With the freezing temperatures, the danger in which these people find themselves is extremely significant, and not something they can easily ignore or extricate themselves from. Of course, there is more than just people to consider. The safety of structures, the clearing of roadways, and the proper functioning of city services are all issues that can come about when snowstorms and other natural disasters hit a city (Howitt & Leonard, 2009). Individuals who work for city agencies need the ability…...

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References

Buchanan, . (2000). Emergency preparedness. In Banks, P. & Pilette, R. Preservation Issues and Planning. Chicago: American Library Association.

Drabek, T. (1991). Emergency management: Principles and practice for local government. Washington D.C.: International City Management Association.

Howitt, A.M. & Leonard, H.B. (2009). Managing crises: Responses to large-scale emergencies. NY: CQ Press.

Suttmeier, R.P. (2011).China's management of environmental crises: Risks, recreancy, and response. In Jae Ho Chung (ed.). China's Crisis Management. London: Routledge.

Emergency Planning and the LAUSD
Los Angeles, California is not a stranger to emergency situations. The city has faced major natural disasters, as well as intense social unrest, all of which have affected education. As one of the largest districts in the state of California, the Los Angeles Unified School District has some serious challenges related to effective emergency planning and execution of emergency strategies when they are needed. As budget issues continue to reduce resources required for effective emergency preparedness, the district has some serious issues to face before other major emergency surfaces in order to ensure that the students and staff within the education system remain safe and can continue their part in the education system after the emergency has subsided.

The district covers a huge portion of the city, with hundreds of thousands of children attending LAUSD schools. As a central headquarters for emergency operations, the district has the…...

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References

Sinclair, M. (2004). Planning Education in and after Emergency. Fundamentals of Education Planning. Institute for International Educational Planning, 2002. Retrieved April 21, 2010 from  http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001293/129356e.pdf 

Los Angeles Unified School District. (2010). Emergency Operations Plan. Retrieved October 18, 2015 from  http://notebook.lausd.net/pls/ptl/docs/PAGE/CA_LAUSD/LAUSDNET/OFFICES/SCHOOL_OPS/SCHOOL_OPERATIONS_DIVISION/EMERGENCY_SERVICES/EMERGENCY_SERVICES_EMERGENCY_OPERATIONS_CENTER/LAUSD%20EOP%202010%20UPDATE.PDF 

U.S. Office of Safe and Drug-free Schools, U.S. Department of Education (2007). Practical Information on Crisis Planning: A guidebook for schools and community. The Office of Safe and Drug-free Schools. Retrieved February 2008 from  http://www.ed.gov/admins/lead/safety/emergencyplan/crisisplanning.pdf 

Zach, L., & McKnight, M.. (2010). Innovative Services Improvised During Disasters: Evidence-Based Education Modules to Prepare Students and Practitioners for Shifts in Community Information Needs. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 51(2), 76-85. Retrieved November 10, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID: 2012698591).

1. The importance of road safety education in preventing accidents
2. The role of government policies in reducing road accidents
3. The impact of distracted driving on road safety
4. The effectiveness of speed limits in preventing accidents
5. The dangers of drunk driving and its consequences
6. The relationship between road design and accident rates
7. The benefits of wearing seatbelts in preventing injuries
8. The psychological factors that contribute to road accidents
9. The role of technology in improving road safety
10. The importance of defensive driving techniques in avoiding accidents.
11. The impact of weather conditions on road safety and the necessary precautions to take during adverse....

## Essay Topic: Universal Healthcare: A Guarantee or a Burden?

Proponent's Viewpoint:

Universal healthcare ensures equal access to quality healthcare for all citizens, regardless of income or employment status.
It eliminates barriers to care, such as high deductibles, copays, and pre-existing condition exclusions.
By providing comprehensive coverage, universal healthcare reduces the financial and emotional burden of medical expenses on individuals and families.
It promotes preventive and early intervention services, leading to better health outcomes and reducing overall healthcare costs.

Opponent's Viewpoint:

Universal healthcare is unaffordable and would lead to higher taxes or cuts in other government programs.
It would create long wait....

I. Introduction
A. Definition of homelessness
B. Overview of the issue and its importance
C. Thesis statement: Homelessness is a significant societal problem with profound implications for individuals, communities, and society as a whole.

II. Causes of Homelessness
A. Structural factors
1. Lack of affordable housing
2. Unemployment or low income
3. Poverty and income inequality
B. Individual factors
1. Mental health issues
2. Substance abuse
3. Family breakdown

III. Impact of Homelessness
A. Physical and mental health consequences
1. Increased vulnerability to illness and disease
2.....

Advancements in transportation technology have greatly improved our daily lives in numerous ways, including:

1. Increased accessibility: Transportation technology has made it easier for people to travel and reach their desired destinations more quickly, efficiently, and safely. This has increased accessibility to education, healthcare, employment opportunities, and leisure activities.

2. Time-saving: Faster modes of transportation, such as high-speed trains, airplanes, and cars, have significantly reduced travel times, allowing people to cover long distances in a fraction of the time it would have taken in the past.

3. Connectivity: Transportation technology has enhanced global connectivity by allowing people to travel across different cities, countries,....