Emancipation Proclamation is one of the United States of America's most important documents, which aimed to bring the Civil War closer to an end. The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. In September 1862, Lincoln announced that he intended to declare the order within 100 days and did so on January 1, 1863.[footnoteRef:1] [1: "Lincoln Issues Emancipation Proclamation," Date accessed 11 September 2012, http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/lincoln-issues-emancipation-proclamation]
President Lincoln's intended audience was not only those slaveholders in the Union, whom he assured would not be affected by the executive order, but also slaves and slaveholders in the Confederacy. One of the reasons that the Emancipation Proclamation was written was to free slaves in states that were in rebellion with the Union. Additionally, the Emancipation Proclamation sought to make abolition a goal of the war, create more social unrest in the South, and allowed…...
mlaBibliography
"Emancipation Proclamation." History.com. Accessed September 11, 2012.
http://www.history.com/topics/emancipation-proclamation
Jones, Steven. "Emancipation Proclamation Was Also Foreign Policy." Accessed September
Emancipation Proclamation
Since issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation, politicians and historians have debated its Constitutionality and Lincoln's approach to emancipation in general. Allen Guelzo, a noted historian, supports both the Constitutionality and Lincoln's approach. Guelzo believes that Lincoln was determined to abolish slavery from the first day of his Presidential term and that emancipation was constitutionally accomplished by Lincoln's "war powers."
Allen Guelzo's View of the Constitutionality of the Emancipation Proclamation
An executive order issued by Lincoln on January 1, 1863,[footnoteRef:1] the Emancipation Proclamation "announced the extinction of slavery."[footnoteRef:2] Contrary to historians who believe that Lincoln grew into his conviction against slavery, Guelzo believes that Lincoln knew from the beginning of his Presidency that slavery would end during his administration.[footnoteRef:3] In Guelzo's view, Lincoln was "enlightened,"[footnoteRef:4] ably preserving the central idea of America -- freedom - by using vaguely defined presidential authority known as "war powers."[footnoteRef:5] In Guelzo's estimation, the vagueness of these…...
mlaBibliography
Guelzo, Allen C. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2004.
Douglas on the other hand accused Lincoln of double speech between the North and the South. He puts him to task on how he would vote if a state like New Mexico would want to join the Union yet they were ready to recognize the Union with or without necessarily recognizing and endorsing slavery, and commented that Lincoln would not be committal to such issues.
On his part, Douglas believes that each state had a right just like the nation to manage it domestic affairs without external influence and one of these is the issue of slavery, that each state must be given the chance to decide whether slavery is good for their state or not, actually he advocated for the autonomy of each state to decide their internal matters independently without external influences, he said "We have enough objects of charity at home, and it is our duty to take…...
mlaReferences
National Archives & Records Administration, (2011). The Emancipation Proclamation January
1, 1863. Retrieved June 13, 2011 from http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/emancipation_proclamation/transcript.html
National Park Service, (2007). Sixth Debate: Quincy, Illinois. Retrieved June 13, 2011 from http://www.nps.gov/liho/historyculture/debate6.htm
Our Documents, (2011). 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Abolition of Slavery (1865).
Emancipation Proclamation
The author of this report is to offer a discussion response to several questions relating to the Emancipation Proclamation. Of course, this was the declaration by President Abraham Lincoln that the slaves were being freed and that slavery itself was being abolished. Indeed, the South did not take kindly to that and it completely changed the tone of the Civil War. The questions that will be answered in this post will include the factors that led to its implementation, how it changed the nature of the Civil War, to what degree did the proclamation instigate emancipation, to what degree did it affirm a process that the slaves had already begun and whether the Union could have won the war without the Emancipation Proclamation having happened. While it is easy to nitpick things after the fact, the Emancipation Proclamation did indeed continue an already-started process but it also helped the…...
mlaReferences
Borade, G. (2015). Purpose and Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation. Buzzle. Retrieved 28
October 2015, from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/purpose-and-effects-of-the-emancipation-proclamation.html
History. (2015). Abolitionist Movement - Black History - HISTORY.com. HISTORY.com.
Retrieved 28 October 2015, from http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/abolitionist-movement
NAACP
he Emancipation Proclamation and the fourteenth amendment freed the slaves in the 19th century, but prejudice and open malice towards America's black population continued and even grew worse fifty years after Abraham Lincoln's death. he National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was the first grass-roots civil campaign built in reaction to the constant harassment and lynching which still took place regularly in the early 1900s. he United States would undergo many progressive transformations as a result of the newfound pressure of the NAACP and its guided purpose to the elimination of continued oppression against America's former slave population.
he NAACP was formed in 1908 by a group of four well-known Americans who saw grave injustices in their country. he Race Riot of 1908 in Springfield, IL, Abraham Lincoln's hometown, led to the necessity of an organization to represent colored people who were being mistreated. he foremost Black American member…...
mlaThe NAACP had many of its earliest victories during the Jim Crow law era, which blocked Black Americans from participating in local elections in various former slave states in the South. In some states such as Louisiana and Mississippi, the black population was over 25%, and therefore it was seen as a dangerous and unpredictable voting block to the states politicians. The NAACP did not have much impact in Washington at first, as Woodrow Wilson instituted segregation into the federal government in 1913, and the amount of lynching during World War I rose compared to pre-war levels. Eventually, however, the NAACP gained influence in Washington. In the 1930s Depression era, for instance, many remaining Jim Crow laws were finally abolished, and the Democratic Party enacted many protections for American consumers which also helped African-Americans to reduce the number of lynching victims in the South, although that practice continued sparingly until after World War II.
Fifty years after its formation in 1908, in the 1960s and what was to become the Civil Rights era, the NAACP was a principle actor in desegregation in the South. Having decades of expertise in approaching Washington, the NAACP became the voice for many in the South who were unable to voice their feelings at being kept out of white schools, white bathrooms, and white businesses. A hero of the NAACP at this time was an African-American lawyer by the name of Thurgood Marshall, who successfully argued Brown v. Board of Education before the Supreme Court. This reputation led to his being named the first African-American Supreme Court Justice in 1967 by President Lyndon Johnson. The NAACP backed Martin Luther King Jr., and assisted in the passing of Affirmative Action to ensure equal education opportunity.
In conclusion, the understanding of sociology has changed tremendously since the formation of the NAACP, but when looked at through the lens of history, we can see how many of sociology's best practices were developed in an organic manner through grassroots organization. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People has remained strong since the 1960s Civil Rights Movement, and had many influential victories in regards to the 1990s race riots in Los Angeles, as well as eliminating the death penalty in the American penal system, which disproportionately disfavors African-Americans by a large percent in comparison to the demographic makeup of the United States as a whole.
Underground ailroad- Function and Significance
The title "Underground ailroad" is a powerful figure of speech that was first utilized in the year 1834. The term described the escape of slaves from southern slaveholding States to northern free states. The slaves neither used railroads nor were their activities underground, instead the term refers to the numerous other routes that were used by fleeing slaves to escape from the slaveholding states, and the help they received from individuals they encountered along the way. It was the slaves' bold actions to unshackle themselves from the chains of their masters that really elicited helpful responses from both free whites and blacks along the way. As one of the slaves put it, the term "underground railroad" was used since the slaves who embarked on the route disappeared completely and could not be traced (Durham 1).
Involvement in moving slaves from slaveholding states in the south to…...
mlaReferences
Berlin, Ira. "Who Freed the Slaves? Emancipation and Its Meaning." Major Problems in the Civil War and Reconstruction. 2nd edition. Ed. Perman, M. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998.
Guelzo, A. C. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004.
Hunter, W. H., "Letter 40." A Grand Army of Black Men: Letters from African-American Soldiers in the Union Army, 1861-1865. Ed. Redkey, E. S., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Freund, H. "A War for Freedom: Slavery and the Emancipation Proclamation." Oshkosh Scholar. Volume I, Oshkosh: University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, 2006. Web. 5, November. 2015.https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream
" Without a fundamental leg of the Southern structure taken out from underneath the Confederacy, Lincoln gained a strategic advantage. He did so using complete military preconceptions in order to carefully avoid breaking the peacetime rules and regulations set forth by the American Constitution.
Thanks to the free labor of the slaves, the South had more than enough white men willing to fight. Tons of able-bodied young men enlisted and left home, but the economy was not drastically affected due to the fact that there were still laborers available to support the war effort. Therefore, freeing the slaves in the rebellious States, Lincoln was encouraging a mass escape which would strike a crucial blow in the infrastructure of the Confederacy. Unlike other wars both before and after the Civil War, America had rarely shown the man power of a nation in war such as the South had done. The economy was…...
mlaBibliography
Andrus, Albert, "The Emancipation Proclamation: Speeches of the Hon. Albert
Andrus of Franklin and Hon. William H. Brand of Madison, delivered in the Assembly, on the evening of March 4th, 1863, on the Hon. James Redington's resolutions in favor of a vigorous prosecution of the war, of the proclamation of freedom, and the administration of Abraham Lincoln." Library of Congress. (accessed 13 June 1008 at ( (DOCID+@lit (rbaapc01900div0)),1863.http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r-ammem/rbaapc:@field
Davis, Jefferson, Journal of the Confederate Congress. Volume 6. A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774-1875. (accessed 13 June 2008 at (http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llcc&fileName=006/llcc006.db&recNum=18),1862.
Lincoln, Abraham, "Emancipation Proclamation." Library of Congress. (accessed 13
However, they "were too few in number to provide adequate protection and were not always themselves fully committed to ensuring justice for freed blacks" (Cary Royce 67). The American public wanted reform to happen but few people were actually willing to risk their position in society by supporting black people. As a consequence, former slaves were provided with little support and were practically forced to maintain many of their attributes as slaves despite the fact that they were free.
orks cited:
Berlin, Ira, et al. "The Terrain of Freedom: The Struggle over the Meaning of Free Labor in the U.S. South." History orkshop Journal 22 (1986)
Cary Royce, Edward, the origins of southern sharecropping, (Temple University Press, 1993)
Fast, Howard, Freedom Road (Armonk, NY M.E. Sharpe, 1995)
An Interdisciplinary Bibliography, 1865-1980 an Interdisciplinary Bibliography, 1865-1980, vol. 1 (estport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1982)
Lanza, Michael, L. Agrarianism and Reconstruction Politics: The Southern Homestead Act, (LSU Press,…...
mlaWorks cited:
Berlin, Ira, et al. "The Terrain of Freedom: The Struggle over the Meaning of Free Labor in the U.S. South." History Workshop Journal 22 (1986)
Cary Royce, Edward, the origins of southern sharecropping, (Temple University Press, 1993)
Fast, Howard, Freedom Road (Armonk, NY M.E. Sharpe, 1995)
An Interdisciplinary Bibliography, 1865-1980 an Interdisciplinary Bibliography, 1865-1980, vol. 1 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1982)
1): Thus, Lincoln's motives for issuing the proclamation were apparently more politically-based rather than an expression of his hatred for slavery and his desire to abolish it in the U.S.
CHAPTER ONE -- "FOUR WAYS TO FREEDOM":
Lincoln's election "was the first sign in the eyes of Southerners that slavery's national political power was slipping."
From the day of Lincoln's election, "wildfire stories had been spreading that the slaves would be freed on that very day." slaveholding planter in Tennessee remarked that "a servile rebellion is more to be feared now than it was in the days of the revolution... "
This fear of "servile insurrection" was even greater in the national capital, only thirty miles downriver from Harper's Ferry and the specter of John Brown."
William Seward, Lincoln's secretary of state, declared in 1858 that "slavery and freedom were locked in an irrepressible conflict" which served as a prediction of a war against slavery.
Lincoln…...
mlaIn my judgment," wrote Lincoln, "gradual, and not sudden emancipation, is better for all."
Thus, Lincoln was convinced that "gradual emancipation and governmental compensation to the ex-slaves would bring slavery to an end."
With the election of President Lincoln in 1860, many Southerners were convinced that Lincoln was going to do everything in his power to limit slavery in other parts of the country, especially beyond the
Slaves No More
The issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation did not immediately end the institution of slavery in America, it took the enforcement of that proclamation by Union troops. The period of time at the end of the Civil War, when freedom from bondage was being imposed by the advancing Union armies, was a tenuous time for the former slaves. Many White Southerners refused to accept the freedom of their former "property," and took actions to re-impose their authority. But after the official surrender of the South, many were forced to begrudgingly accept the freedom of their former slaves. Leon Litwack's article entitled "Slaves No More" examines this period of time and how the presence of Union soldiers was often the determining factor in how free the former slaves were allowed to be.
Most Americans learn that slavery ended in the United States when Abraham Lincoln issued the "Emancipation Proclamation" on January…...
Statesmanship in Public AdministrationPublic administration is one of the most important facets of any government. It is responsible for executing the policies and laws passed by the legislature, as well as providing services to the public. Due to its importance, public administration must be conducted in a professional and ethical manner. This requires statesmanship on the part of those in positions of authority. Statesmanship is a way of conducting oneself in public office that is characterized by integrity, wisdom, and foresight. It involves making decisions in the best interests of the country, even when those decisions are unpopular. Statesmanship is an essential quality for any public administrator, as it helps to ensure that the affairs of state are conducted in a responsible and effective manner.The case of Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation is an example of statesmanship in the mold of Publius from the Federalist Papers: of a public administrator…...
mlaReferencesJones, H. (2019). Searching for Statesmanship: A corpus-based analysis of a translated political discourse. Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek and Roman Political Thought, 36(2), 216-241.Livingstone, D. (1999). The emancipation proclamation, the declaration of independence, and the presidency: Lincoln\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s model of statesmanship. Perspectives on Political Science, 28(4), 203-210.Overeem, P., & Bakker, F. E. (2019). Statesmanship beyond the modern state. Perspectives on Political Science, 48(1), 46-55.Skemp, J. B., & Ostwald, M. (Eds.). (1992). Plato\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Statesman. Hackett Publishing.
It might be said that, had Lincoln not been elected, the war might have been put off by a few years, and then a solution might perhaps have been reached. However, as has been demonstrated, the country was moving inexorably toward war and no other solution would work. If the war had been put off by a few years, the result would more than likely have been even more terrible and bloody than it was. General Grant was of the opinion that the war was inevitable. "The Southern rebellion was largely the outgrowth of the Mexican war," he wrote in his Personal Memoirs, in accord with his belief that the Mexican-American War was the result of the South's attempts to extend slavery into Mexican-controlled Texas, "Nations, like individuals, are punished for their transgressions. We got our punishment in the most sanguinary and expensive war in modern times." Grant would then…...
This person proved to be an honest and God-loving individual who is actually concerned about my well-being and the well-being of other slaves. He brought me a pair of glasses and a book called "Uncle's Tom Cabin" yesterday. I could never understand why many white people in the South can't abandon slavery in spite of the fact that they know that it's wrong, but I am satisfied knowing that they treat their slaves well. I could not stop reading the book ever since I laid eyes on it. I have been awake for almost two days now and I am infuriated with the institution of slavery in general, even with the fact that I did not experience the suffering it provoked from a first-hand perspective.
Some friends of my master visited today and had a fiery conversation as a result of Abraham Lincoln's reelection. My abolitionist friend seemed to agree…...
Stillness at Appomattox
The Civil ar ended quickly after Lee's surrender at Appomattox: hy?
One reason for the swift demise of the Confederacy after Lee's surrender at Appomattox was the strategy of illiam Tecumseh Sherman called 'total war.' Sherman had depleted the Confederacy economically as well as military, and starvation and privation were rampant. "Sherman was a believer in total war. He said that the Northern military was 'not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile people, and must make old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war.' Sherman realized that the Southern civilian population provided most of the supplies that Confederate forces needed to wage war against the North.[footnoteRef:1]" Sherman did not bring many supplies on his infamous March to the Sea, deliberately encouraging his men to use the land to sustain themselves and to wage war on the Confederate infrastructure as well as upon its military.…...
mlaWorks Cited
Davis, William. "Historian William Davis on the last days of the Confederacy." CNN. 2001.
/ [August 9, 2012]http://www.cnn.com/chat/transcripts/2001/07/02/davis
Guelzo, Allen C. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.
"Sherman's March to the Sea." Ohio History Central. July 1, 2005.
close was Confederate victory in the summer of 1864?
The so-called 'Myth of the Lost Cause' suggests that it was impossible for the South to have won the war, given the superiority of Northern military might and the North's superior numbers. In the words of one Virginian: "They never whipped us, Sir, unless they were four to one. If we had had anything like a fair chance, or less disparity of numbers, we should have won our cause and established our independence.[footnoteRef:1]" However, many wars of independence were won under similar odds. After all, the obstacles faced by the Confederacy were actually less onerous than those faced by the North: the Confederacy did not have to destroy the North; it merely had to engage in a "strategically defensive war to protect from conquest territory it already controlled and to preserve its armies from annihilation...it needed only to hold out long…...
mlaWorks Cited
Guelzo, Allen C. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.
McPherson, James M. "Could the South Have Won?" The New York Review of Books.
June 2002. [4 Aug 2012]
Key Figures in Shaping American History
Throughout the annals of American history, exceptional individuals have emerged as pivotal figures, steering the course of events and leaving an indelible mark on the nation's trajectory. Their leadership, vision, and unwavering determination have shaped the very fabric of the country, from its inception to its present day.
George Washington (1732-1799): The Father of the Nation
As the first President of the United States, George Washington played a paramount role in establishing the young republic. His unwavering leadership during the Revolutionary War earned him the moniker "Father of the Nation." As President, he presided over the formation....
The Emancipation Proclamation impacted the course of the Civil War in several key ways:
1. It shifted the focus of the war from solely preserving the Union to also ending slavery. By officially declaring that all slaves in Confederate states were to be freed, the Emancipation Proclamation turned the Civil War into a moral crusade against slavery.
2. It helped to undermine the economic and social foundations of the Confederacy. With the potential loss of their slave labor force, the Confederate states faced increasing challenges to sustain their war effort.
3. It boosted the morale and recruitment of African American soldiers. The Emancipation....
The Emancipation Proclamation: A Transformative Turning Point in the Civil War
Issued on January 1, 1863, by President Abraham Lincoln, the Emancipation Proclamation was a pivotal moment in the American Civil War, shaping its course and legacy in profound ways.
Shifting the War's Moral Ground
The proclamation declared that all slaves held in Confederate-controlled territory were free. This bold move transformed the war from a political struggle over the preservation of the Union into a moral crusade for the abolition of slavery. It gave the Union cause a powerful moral justification, galvanizing support from abolitionists, religious leaders, and the general public.
Undermining Confederate Economic....
Abraham Lincoln: The President Who Guided the Nation Through the Civil War
The American Civil War, a brutal conflict fought from 1861 to 1865, witnessed the rise of one of the most consequential figures in American history: President Abraham Lincoln. His leadership during this pivotal era played a transformative role in shaping the nation's destiny and forever etched his name in the annals of greatness.
The Road to the Presidency
Born in a humble log cabin in Kentucky in 1809, Lincoln's early life was marked by poverty and self-education. Despite these challenges, he developed a keen intellect and a deep understanding of law....
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