Electricity Restructuring
Restructuring of the electricity industry has been approached with a top-down approach that has failed to result in benefits to consumers. Economic theory states guidance on conditions that are essential for well-functioning markets to exist in which the consumer benefits and the firms utilize innovation to control costs. There is currently a debate surrounding the importance of each 'condition' as well as the resulting harm when conditions are unmet. It has been learned that without the essential pieces in place that restructuring of the electricity industry may result in results that are highly negative in nature. These essential pieces include new transmission capacity, real-timing pricing, the absence of excessive market power in generation, fair competition between utility incumbents and other market players, effective regulatory oversight, a level playing field between private entities on the one hand and electric cooperatives and public power suppliers on the other, well0infomed small retail…...

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Bibliography

Ardoin, P.J. And Grady, Dennis (2006) The Politics of Electricity Restructuring across the American States: Power Failure and Policy Failure. State and Local Government Review. Vol. 38. No. 3 (2006.

Ardoin, Phillip J. And Grady, Dennis (2006) The Politics of Electricity Restructuring across the American States: Power Failure and Policy Failure. State and Local Government Review. Vol. 38, No. 3, 2006.

Brennan, Timothy J. (2003) State and Federal Roles in Facilitating Electricity Competition: Legal and Economic Perspectives. 2003 April, Discussion Paper 03-24 Resources for the Future.

Cooper, Mark, N. (2000) Reconsidering Electricity Restructuring: A Short Circuit Or A Total Blackout. Consumer Federation of America 30 Nov 2000. Online available at http://www.consumersunion.org/telecom/deregdc1100.htm

" (THE CALIFORNIA CRISIS)
Studies also refer to the very structure of the deregulation system in California as being intrinsically flawed. As one study notes; "The most important flaw of California's deregulated electricity market was that the market was more re-regulated than deregulated" and that it was "...the most complicated electricity market ever created..." (Ritschel and Smestad 1379)

This situation was exacerbated by other pertinent factors, all of which contributed to the crisis. Central to these factors was the drought during this period, which can be linked to the shortage of hydroelectric power. There was a severe drought in the northwest states in 2001 and California obtained much of its hydroelectric power from the Pacific Northwest. The drought in this region therefore placed a heavy drain on the supply of power to California. This was also worsened by the increased demands on the electricity supply at the time due to the extremely…...

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Works Cited

Bradshaw and Woodrow. The California Experience: From Deregulation Disaster to Flexible Power. Web. 3 Nov. 2011. (http://uneprisoe.org/SectorReform/CaliforniaExperience.pdf.)

Hot, Dark Summer Ahead for California. Drought Worsens Power Crunch, Senators

Told. The Washington Post, Feb. 1, 2001. Web. 3 Nov. 2011.

( http://www.heatisonline.org/contentserver/objecthandlers/index.cfm?id=3607&method=full ).

Reduction of Electricity or Cars as an Environmental Protection Intervention
Reduction of Electricity Consumption or Automobile Usage as an Effective Environmental Protection Intervention

In choosing between the two alternatives of an initiative to reduce electricity consumption or one designed to curb automobile usage, the choice is tough but there is only one viable alternative: Americans love their cars, but they need their electricity more. The rationale for this decision is outlined below.

Americans are becoming increasingly reliant on electricity to support their lifestyles and livelihoods (Schurr 1990).

Electricity provides numerous advantages over virtually all other types of available energy sources. ith wires, electricity can be provided anywhere in the world, and by using simple devices such as switches and rheostats, electric current is provided on any time schedule (Schurr 1990).

Electric power can be provided in any desired amount, from watts to megawatts. This level of precision far exceeds that which is possible when energy…...

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Works Cited

Kaul, Chandrika and Valerie Tomaselli-Moschovitis (Eds.). Statistical Handbook on Consumption and Wealth in the United States. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 1999.

Mayer, Peter C. (1995). Electricity Conservation: Consumer Rationality vs. Prospect

Theory. Contemporary Economic Policy, 13(2):109.

Schurr, Sam H. Electricity in the American Economy: Agent of Technological Progress.

I began to wonder, what are we all hurrying for?
When I finally got to my apartment, of course the elevator wasn't working, so I had to climb up a lot more stairs than I wanted to. When I opened my door, I was greeted mostly with a dim blackness. There was no hum of the refrigerator, no blinking VCR light, and no LED clock on my bedside table. Everything was black, and silent. I opened up the windows to let in some light, but that was fading fast. I realized I had no bottled water, no candles to light, no batteries for my battery-backup clock radio, and even the battery on my laptop was dead. I felt cut off from the world, and lost in my own apartment. I didn't want to open the refrigerator, because I didn't know how long the blackout would last, and I didn't want…...

It causes a chain reaction where Uranium is bombarded by neutrons making it to split. There is a continual release of more neutrons every time a Uranium nucleus is split. The more the neutrons are released, the more the splits in the already split Uranium nuclei. The resultant chain reaction generates a lot of heat in the process. This heat is used to heat water whose vapor moves the turbines and produces electricity as a result.
Nuclear fission power plants use the generated heat by a nuclear fission process to move steam turbine which generates electricity. hen a nuclear fuel atom (Uranium) absorbs a neutron, the Uranium will fission into two smaller atoms (waste) releasing one to three neutrons. Kinetic energy of the waste is used to heat the water for the turbine. The process continues as the neutrons are used to fission the next lot of Uranium atoms ("How…...

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Works Cited:

Beaty, William J. "What Is "Electricity"?" MISCON. MISCON, 1996. Web. 13 Mar. 2010. .

Bellis, Mary. "Electricity - Electronics." About.com. About.com. Web. 13 Mar. 2010. .

"Coal Fired Power Generation." IEGC:International Energy Coal Generation Facilities. International Electric Coal Generation. Web. 13 Mar. 2010. .

Diva, Green. "The Different Methods of Electricity Production." GOARTICLES.com:the Web's Largest Free Content Article Directory. Jayde Online, Inc., 29 June 2009. Web. 13 Mar. 2010. .

Political Reasons ehind the Electricity Dilemma in Haiti
What it will take to have electricity in Haiti

Cost

Cost is one of the significant factors that contribute significantly to the development of electricity in Haiti. Since the investment in the sector of electricity has been extremely slow, combining the aspects inclusive of the non-payment culture for electric services, low-based metered customers, and fair consumer tariffs contributes significantly to electricity accessibility. The consideration of relative cost within the electricity production, distribution, and consumption should result into the efficient electricity network with higher levels of financial gains in Haiti

In Haiti, there is a need for the investment through donor finances to enable the generation, transmission and the distribution of electricity. This with estimation will cost up to U.S.$395 million with the inclusion of the hydroelectricity medium-term projects with distribution and transmission costing up to U.S.$55 million

. The investment in the network of electricity transmission will…...

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Bibliography

Clammer, Paul, Michael Grosberg, and Jens Porup. 2008. Dominican Republic & Haiti.

Footscray, Vic: Lonely Planet. P. 347

Farmer, Paul, Abbey M. Gardner, Cassia van der Hoof Holstein, and Joia Mukherjee. 2011. Haiti after the earthquake. New York: PublicAffairs p. 173

Haiti without electricity, phones as power crisis deepens. (1994, Mar 22). The Gazette.

Hydroelectric vs. Geothermal Electricity Production
In a world that is becoming ever-increasingly focused on the production of energy and fuel, the methods of hydroelectric electricity production and geothermal electricity production have become topics in which the public is significantly interested. In beginning to understand the future of each of these types of electricity production, one must first understand the basic definition of each, as well as the basis for their implementation into the world market. In understanding how each mode of electricity production works, one can begin comparing and contrasting the two in order to understand which modes of production are best utilized in certain situations, as well as to understand the future prospects of each form of production.

Hydroelectric Electricity

Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower, which is the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water, which is the…...

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Works Cited

Asheville Geothermal. "The Geothermal Heat Pump" Web. Retrieved from: http://www.

ashevillegeothermal.com/Geothermal.php [Accessed 12 November 2011].

Benoit, W., Blackwell, D. And Holdman, G. "Understanding the Chena Hot Springs,

Alaska, Geothermal System Using Temperature and Pressure Data," in Geothermics, 37(6): pp. 565-585. 2008. Web. Retrieved from: ProQuest Database.

Energy Usage
Electricity

Coffeemaker, microwave, toaster (< 30 minutes)

Food preparation

Electricity

Television (4 hours)

ecreation

Electricity

Computer (24 hours)

ecreation/Education

Electricity

Washing machine (< 30 minutes)

Personal care

Oil

Automobile (17 miles)

ecreation

Electricity

Stovetop (20 minutes)

Food preparation

Electricity

Lights (various rooms of apartment, used singly or in combination over a 6-hour period. No light stayed on for more than 1/2-hour)

Household use

SATUDAY

Electricity

Coffeemaker

Food preparation

Electricity

Television (3 hours)

ecreation

Electricity

Stereo (6 hours)

ecreation

Electricity

Stovetop (2 20-minute blocks)

Food preparation

Oil

Automobile (8 miles)

Grocery shopping

Electricity

Lights (various rooms of apartment, used singly or in combination over an 18-hour period. Living room light stayed on entire period because of overcast weather and insufficient natural light.

Household use

Electricity

Computer (24 hours)

ecreation/Education/Personal Banking

SUNDAY

AUGUST 14

2011

National Grid is an international energy delivery company that provides electricity and natural gas to over three million users in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, hode Island and New York. National Grid generates electricity through nuclear power. The company has a website that features a great deal of information on its green energy initiatives, but says little about how it currently provides power to…...

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Reference

Cassidy, P. (2011). Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. slams Cape Cod Wind. CapeCodOnline.

Retrieved from  http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article 

AID=/20110720/NEWS/107200316/0/SPECIAL01

National Grid. (2011). GreenUp. Retrieved from  http://www.nationalgridus.com

Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Context Of Electricity Production
There is much controversy in the contemporary society with regard to global warming, its causes, and the effects it is going to have on the planet. Greenhouse gasses emitted throughout recent centuries are believed to have seriously accelerated the global warming process, as they accumulate in the atmosphere and destroy the ozone layer to the point where it is no longer able to properly protect the planet's surface from dangerous radiations. The U.S. Government and EPA's decision to place restrictions on the type of fuels used to create electricity comes as a response to companies expressing more interest in increasing profits than in reducing the amounts of greenhouse gasses they produce.

The masses are likely to disagree with the fact that the authorities impose laws that are probable to increase the cost of their electricity bills. However, this is because a great deal…...

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Works cited:

"Environmental Impacts of Natural Gas." Retrieved March 5, 2016, from  http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/coal-and-other-fossil-fuels/environmental-impacts-of-natural-gas.html#.VtsfeX197IU

Power of the Wind
The chosen renewable source discussed in this assignment is wind power, or energy produced from the wind. The location for this source is California and some of the cities in the Bay Area that are near some of the more substantial wind harnessing facilities in the state. A good example of one of these cities includes San Ramon. The crux of wind power in California is that it is harnessed via the means of wind mills and/or turbines, which are able to convert the motion of the wind into various forms of electricity. As such, wind power is an alternative to other means of utilizing electricity. Examples of other means of utilizing electricity from nonrenewable sources include the deployment of gasoline (which stems from oil) to provide electricity as a means of powering automobiles. One of the things that is unique about wind power is that…...

Overview of Study

This study used a five-chapter format to achieve the above-stated research purpose. Chapter one of the study was used to introduce the topics under consideration, provide a statement of the problem, the purpose and importance of the study, as well as its scope and rationale. Chapter two provides a critical review of the relevant and peer-reviewed literature, and chapter three more fully describes the study's methodology, including a description of the study approach, the data-gathering method and the database of study consulted. Chapter four is comprised of an analysis of the data developed during the research process and chapter five presents the study's conclusions, a summary of the research and recommendations for improvements to the device prototyped and envisioned herein.

Chapter 2: eview of elated Literature

It is reasonable to suggest that all battery-powered handheld device users have experienced battery failure at a critical juncture, whether it is making an…...

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References

Adler, R., Desmares, P., & Spracklen, J. 1982 'Ultrasonic remote control for home receivers,

IEEE Trans.' Consumer Electronics, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 123 -- 128.

Amirtharajah, R., & Chandrakasan, a.P. 1998. 'Self-powered signal processing using vibration-

based power generation.' IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 687-

By 2030, about 60% of China's longest river's electricity-producing potential will be harnessed. It is believed that by 2030, that more than 30% of the Yangtze's water resources would be used for agriculture or industry. hat's an increase from 17.8% today, in an area likely to see decreasing rainfall in the coming years do to the effects of climate change on precipitation patterns (McDermott, 2005)
All of this rightly raises red flags among environmentalists, especially considering the problems with hree Gorges. A recent study by the Chinese Academy of Sciences found that water quality persists to decline in reservoir areas of hree Gorges, which is causing the fish stocks to decline. hough it's certainly true that hydropower is a better option than profligate burning of coal for China, surely there are more eco-friendly ways to tap into China's world-leading hydropower resources than continued building of large-scale dams (McDermott, 2005)

Arguments assembled…...

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The World Bank, having been burnt by brutal evaluations of other hydro projects that is had sponsored, chose not to fund this project. The U.S. Export-Import Bank also caved to the pressure. The bank had hoped to obtain additional environmental information from the Chinese that would permit them to make a positive decision. Its stance did not prevent U.S. groups from bidding for contracts, or from the U.S. commercial banks from financing their operations (Bristow, 2007)

According to China's leaders, the Three Gorges dam will provide groundwork for the nation's future economic affluence. This power will also help China to meet the rapidly growing energy demand. The transmission processions that are being put into place are to convey electricity from the dam to the rest of the country. This will help to generate a national grid, with the Three Gorges at the center. Transportation of people and goods will also be improved. The reservoir will allow 10,000-ton freighters to enter the nation's interior, which currently limits access to boats less than 1,500 tons. Vessels will be able to navigate from Shanghai up to Chongqing, around 2000km from the sea. It has the potential to become an even more important transport artery if adequate facilities are put in place to incorporate cargo transport on the river with major rail and road junctions. The government along with many companies that have been involved in the development of the Three Gorges dam have been eager to endorse the dam by making it into a tourist attraction. Tour boats are now offering trips on the reservoirs in order to allow tourists to view what are being advertised as haughty gorges projecting passive lakes. The dam is also proposed to provide major flood control benefits. In the past, the population in the middle and lower areas of the Yangtze River experienced tremendous losses from flooding both in human life and property. The enormous flooding of the Yangtze River in 1931 resulted in more than 3 million deaths from flooding and starvation (Cleveland, 2008).

The government also notes that the dam's power generation potential of 84.7BkWh/yr is the energy equivalent of burning 50 million tons of coal or 25 million tons of crude oil. "The switch to cleaner hydroelectric power would have the effect of cutting 100 million tons of carbon dioxide, up to two million tons of sulfur dioxide, ten thousand tons of carbon monoxide, 370,000 tons of nitrogen oxide,

Nuclear Energy Introduction
Nuclear energy is an energy source that has zero emissions, propels our society into the future, and provides electricity around-the-clock. Nuclear energy comes from the splitting of atoms inside a reactor through a process known as fission to heat water into steam, turn a turbine, and generate electricity. Atoms are tiny particles that make up every object in the universe. These atoms have enormous energy in the bonds that hold them together. Nuclear fission will split the atoms into smaller atoms, in essence, releasing energy. Nuclear power plants make use of nuclear fission for the production of electricity. Nuclear energy is considered to be environmentally safe because it causes zero emissions and this is beneficial to the environment as it reduces the carbon footprint (Brook & Bradshaw, 2015). However, nuclear power plants do produce radioactive nuclear waste that must be stored safely to ensure there is no leakage. Nuclear…...

Electricity is probably one of the most basic privileges we know as humankind today. Almost everything we do in our professional or private lives is in some way powered by electricity. Since Edison's invention of the electric light bulb, electricity has developed to power almost every aspect of business and pleasure today. The many inventions and developments of electricity over the last century or so has made it so complex that few people who do not study it in fact know how it works or can repair wiring when something goes wrong. This is why I am interested in the field of electric engineering. Since electricity and the many things we can do with it today hold great fascination for me, it is my aim to make this my major when enrolling for undergraduate study.
I have always been interested in the field of electricity and the engineering that makes it…...

Batteries are common in individual household systems. Inverters could help, though their technology is not standardized. Automated demand response using smart meters with microclimate forecasting research is well funded (St. John). Building dedicated (express) feeders for larger PV systems with bidirectional voltage regulators is one response. Avoiding fixed capacitator banks and having the PV system absorb volt-ampere reactives are two other possible solutions (Katiraei and Romero Aguero 69-70). On the other hand, PV can be useful to a utility by improving the voltage profile and reducing electrical line losses (Srisaen and Sangswang 855), as well as "relieved transmission and distribution congestion, environmental impact reduction, peak shaving, and enhanced utility system reliability" (Ramakumar and Chiradeja 722-723).
PV has environmental issues. Making solar cells is an energy-intensive process, using significant amounts of water and toxic chemicals. Most good monocrystalline silicon is produced by the highly inefficient (80% waste) trichlorosilane (SiHCl3) distillation and…...

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Works Cited

BrighterEnergy.org. SunPower offers solar modules boasting 19% efficiency. 3 May 2010. Web. 20 October 2011.

Chen, Hong Wen. "Exposure and Health Risk of Gallium, Indium, and Arsenic from Semiconductor Manufacturing Industry Workers." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (2007): 5-9.

Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency (DSIRE). Home. n.d. Web. 20 October 2011.

Edelman, Philip. "Environmental and Workplace Contamination in the Semiconductor Industry: Implications for Future Health of the Workforce and Community." Environmental Health Perspectives 86 (1990): 291-295.

There are several ways in which governments can help education in schools located in rural areas. Here is a formatted response with proper spacing:

1. Increase funding: Governments can allocate more resources and funding specifically for schools in rural areas. This could be done through the establishment of special funding programs or grants that are solely dedicated to improving education in these regions.

2. Improve infrastructure: Governments can invest in upgrading the infrastructure of rural schools by constructing new buildings, renovating existing facilities, and providing necessary equipment and resources. This includes ensuring access to electricity, clean water, and proper sanitation facilities.

3. Enhance....

Sure! Here is a suggested topic for an IBDP Extended Essay in Physics:

Title: Investigating the Efficiency of Renewable Energy Sources: Comparing Solar Panels and Wind Turbines

Abstract: This extended essay aims to investigate the efficiency of two prominent renewable energy sources, namely solar panels and wind turbines. The project will involve a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing the efficiency of each energy source, including geographical location, weather conditions, and technological advancements. Data will be collected through simulations, experiments, and case studies of existing installations. The findings will contribute to understanding the potential of solar panels and wind turbines as reliable....

Contracts for Differences (CfDs) have been a key tool used by the United Kingdom government to promote renewable energy generation. Through guaranteeing a stable income for renewable energy providers, CfDs aim to attract investment in the sector and drive down costs, ultimately contributing to the transition towards a low-carbon economy. In this essay, I will critically assess the performance of CfDs in promoting renewable energy in the UK, paying particular attention to the role of energy law and policy in shaping their effectiveness.

One of the key benefits of CfDs is the long-term price certainty they provide for renewable energy generators,....

Certainly! Here are a few potential essay topics related to biofuel:

1. The environmental impact of biofuel production and use compared to traditional fossil fuels.
2. The economic benefits and challenges of transitioning to biofuel as a primary energy source.
3. The potential for biofuel to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.
4. The technological advancements and innovations driving the development of biofuel production methods.
5. The social and ethical considerations of using biofuel as a sustainable energy source.
6. The role of government policies and regulations in promoting the use and development of biofuels.
7. The potential for biofuel to reduce dependency on imported....